scholarly journals The Impact of Center-Based Childcare Attendance on Early Child Development: Evidence From the French Elfe Cohort

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Berger ◽  
Lidia Panico ◽  
Anne Solaz
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Proponents of early childhood education and care programs cite evidence that high-quality center-based childcare has positive impacts on child development, particularly for disadvantaged children. However, much of this evidence stems from randomized evaluations of small-scale intensive programs based in the United States and other Anglo/English-speaking countries. Evidence is more mixed with respect to widespread or universal center-based childcare provision. In addition, most evidence is based on childcare experiences of 3- to 5-year-old children; less is known about the impact of center-based care in earlier childhood. The French context is particularly suited to such interrogation because the majority of French children who attend center-based care do so in high-quality, state-funded, state-regulated centers, known as crèches, and before age 3. We use data from a large, nationally representative French birth cohort, the Étude Longitudinale Français depuis l'Enfance (Elfe), and an instrumental variables strategy that leverages exogenous variation in both birth quarter and local crèche supply to estimate whether crèche attendance at age 1 has an impact on language, motor skills, and child behavior at age 2. Results indicate that crèche attendance has a positive impact on language skills, no impact on motor skills, and a negative impact on behavior. Moreover, the positive impact on language skills is particularly concentrated among disadvantaged children. This implies that facilitating increased crèche access among disadvantaged families may hold potential for decreasing early socioeconomic disparities in language development and, given the importance of early development for later-life outcomes, thereby have an impact on long-term population inequalities.

The Impact of Performance Management Under Environmental Turbulence

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-453
Author(s):  
Obed Pasha ◽  
Theodore H. Poister
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
The Impact

Performance management is an established concept in the public sector, with several empirical studies supporting its beneficial impact on organizational performance. Research on performance management, however, is still in initial stages and mostly examines the impact of this practice under stable environmental conditions. This study adds to the literature by analyzing the effect of this system on performance of local transit agencies in a turbulent environment characterized by the Great Recession and its aftermath. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on survey responses from 162 local transit agencies in the United States is used to extract the four components of performance management, namely, formal strategic planning, logical incrementalism, performance measurement, and performance information use. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis shows that an independent use of formal strategic planning and logical incrementalism has a negative impact on organizational performance under turbulence. Performance measurement and a blend of formal strategic planning and logical incrementalism, however, show a positive impact.

Can U.S. Developed CAI Work Effectively in a Developing Country?

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Royer ◽  
Barbara A. Greene ◽  
Stephen J. Anzalone
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Conventional Instruction ◽  
Reading Tests ◽  
Reading And Math ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Assisted Instruction ◽  
The Impact

The study examined the impact of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) developed in the United States on the reading and math performance of students enrolled in the Grenada school system. Over a three year period students in standards one through five substituted CAI instruction in reading and math for part of their conventional instruction. These students were compared to students from three control schools thought to be comparable to the CAI school, and to a school in an urban area that had the reputation of being one of the better schools in the country. The results of reading tests indicated that an initial negative impact of CAI during the first two years of the study turned into a positive impact during the third year. The impact of CAI instruction in mathematics was uniformly positive over the three years of the project. The study also produced evidence that lower ability students may have benefited more from CAI instruction than higher ability students.

scholarly journals Environmental Regulation and High-Quality Development in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Wentao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper uses the data of 30 provincial regions in mainland China except Tibet from 2006 to 2018 to weighted measure the intensity of environmental regulation through the weight determined by the ranking of pollutant emission intensity year by year; Based on the three subsystems of economy, society and environment, this paper constructs a high-quality development measurement index system, and determines the weight year by year by entropy method, as well as measures the high-quality development level by weight; From the perspective of enterprise production decision, the influence of environmental regulation on high-quality development is theoretically deduced. Through the empirical test of two threshold models with environmental regulation intensity and per capita GDP as the threshold, it confirms each other, and empirically analyzes the impact of environmental regulation intensity on high-quality development level. The research results show that: The impact of environmental regulation intensity on high-quality development level, with the change of enterprises’ decision-making to deal with environmental regulation, has an obvious threshold effect. Before reaching the threshold, the increase of environmental regulation intensity has a negative impact on high-quality development; After reaching the threshold, the impact of the increase of environmental regulation intensity on high-quality development may have a short uncertain stage, followed by a positive impact. Government environmental regulation should be combined with the local stage to avoid the misunderstanding of blindly improving the intensity of environmental regulation; Government environmental regulation should focus on reducing the cost of cleaner production and technological innovation, and accelerate the formation of “forced“ innovation mechanism of environmental regulation, so as to give full play to the positive role of environmental regulation in promoting high-quality and high-development.

scholarly journals Krisis Global dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Neli Aida ◽  
Fadeli Yusuf Afif ◽  
Tantri Siwi Peni
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze the impact of the global crisis that occurred in 2008 on economic growth, the trigger for the crisis, namely an increase in credit accumulation in a large amount and in a short time in the United States (US), this increase led to an increase in bad credit so that it was quite large in the world economy. Economic growth, the global crisis, investment, exports, and labor are variables that will be obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, the Investment Coordinating Board, and others. The result of the unit root test and cointegration shows that the Error Correction Model is the chosen model. The results showed that the global crisis had a significant and negative impact on economic growth in Indonesia, while exports, labor, and investment had a significant and positive impact. Therefore, the government must maintain the balance of the economy to prevent a crisis, as well as the need to encourage investment, exports, and human resources to encourage increased economic growth.  

scholarly journals Diversificación productiva y cambio estructural en economías cerradas y abiertas

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-39
Author(s):  
Carlos Humberto Ortiz ◽  
Diana Marcela Jiménez ◽  
María Liliam Jaramillo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
Closed Economies ◽  
Relative Productivity ◽  
The Impact

Productive diversification has been the main determinant of structural change of the economies. This hypothesis is analysed for nine countries under a relatively closed trade regime, and for nine Latin American countries under a relatively open trade regime with the United States. The equations of structural change that are tested are derived from a multisector dynamic general equilibrium model. The negative impact of productive diversification on the relative allocation of resources to the primary sector cannot be rejected for closed economies: greater diversification increases the relative productivity of manufacturing activities. The impact of a country’s comparative advantages on the allocation of resources to agriculture cannot be rejected: the relative agricultural productivity has a positive impact; the relative capital endowment has a negative impact; and the real exchange rate has a positive impact. In the last case, it is argued that low diversification induces a deterioration in the terms of trade, which favours specialization in primary activities.

Intervention analysis of the antidumping investigation on wooden bedroom furniture imports from China

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1434-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wan ◽  
Changyou Sun ◽  
Donald L. Grebner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Depression Effect ◽  
Antidumping Duties ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the annual imports of wooden bedroom furniture by the United States have been over five billion dollars, with more than two billion dollars of that coming from China. This trend led to an antidumping action against China in October 2003. Since January 2005, antidumping duties of 0.83% to 198.08% have been imposed on individual Chinese firms. To assess the impact of this antidumping action, intervention analysis was employed to examine the import values of four furniture commodities and the prices of two of them over 1997–2008. China and six other major competing countries were included in the analysis. With regard to import values from China, significant trade investigation effects were identified: the petition announcement generated a positive impact in March 2004; the preliminary less-than-fair-value (LTFV) determination had a negative impact from July to December 2004. However, the final implementation did not show any expected trade duty effect. The aggregate impact of the antidumping action on import values from China over 2003–2008 was approximately equivalent to a 1-month import reduction. The impact on the unit prices for China was insignificant. For the six competing countries, intervention analyses revealed that the antidumping action generated a positive trade diversion effect, with the magnitude smaller than the trade depression effect on China.

scholarly journals The Impact of Housing Assistance on the Mental Health of Children in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fenelon ◽  
Natalie Slopen ◽  
Michel Boudreaux ◽  
Sandra J. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Housing Assistance ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
The Impact

Housing assistance policies may lead to improved mental health for children and adolescents by improving housing quality, stability, and affordability. We use a unique data linkage of the National Health Interview Survey and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development administrative data to examine the impact of housing assistance on parent-reported mental health outcomes for children ages 2 to 17 (N = 1,967). We account for selection into housing assistance using a pseudo-waitlist method that compares children receiving assistance to those who will enter housing assistance within two years of their interview. Compared to those in the pseudo-waitlist group, we find that children living in public housing have better mental health outcomes. We do not find similar benefits for children receiving vouchers. Our results suggest that housing assistance policies can have a positive impact on mental health among disadvantaged children.

scholarly journals DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN MORATORIUM TERHADAP SEKTOR USAHA PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI KOTA BITUNG

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurlaili Nurlaili ◽  
Rizky Muhartono ◽  
Yayan Hikmayani
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Special Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Kebjakan penghentian perizinan sementara (moratorium) kapal kapal yang pembuatannya di luar negeri (kapal eks asing) berdampak langsung pada nelayan yang bekerja pada kapal-kapal eks asing berupa penurunan pendapatan hingga hilangnya mata pencaharian. Di sisi lain, kebijakan moratorium tersebut dirasakan memberikan dampak positif bagi usaha perikanan tangkap skala kecil khususnya di Kota Bitung. Tulisan ini bertujuan menggambarkan dampak kebijakan moratorium pada pelaku usaha perikanan tangkap skala kecil di Kota Bitung Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Tulisan ini merupakan bagian dari Kegiatan Kajian Khusus yang dilakukan secara cepat pada bulan Maret 2015. Penelitian tentang hal ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara mendalam dan observasi terhadap para pelaku usaha perikanan, baik perikanan tangkap, pengolahan dan pemasaran ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan moratorium telah memberikan dampak negatif terhadap usaha perikanan tangkap berupa penurunan pendapatan sampai hilangnya mata pencaharian, dalam usaha pengolahan berdampak pada berkurangnya bahan baku sampai berhentinya produksi ikan olahan, dalam usaha pemasaran berdampak pada berkurangnya ikan untuk dipasarkan. Meskipun demikian, kebijakan ini berdampak positif pada usaha perikanan tangkap skala kecil yaitu peningkatan produksi, makin seringnya melaut, makin dekatnya fishing ground, peningkatan harga ikan, mudahnya akses memperoleh BBM dan peningkatan pendapatan.Title: Policy Impact moratorium on Business fisheries sector in BitungTermination of the licensing policy (moratorium) ships whose creation abroad (foreign ex ship) have a direct impact on the fishermen who work on the ships of foreign ex a decrease in revenue to the loss of livelihood. On the other hand, policy moratorium perceived a positive impact on small scale fishery business, especially in the city of Bitung. This paper aims to describe the impact of the moratorium on the perpetrators of small-scale fishery business in the city of Bitung in North Sulawesi province. This paper is part of a Special Assessment activities undertaken quickly on 18-20 March 2015. Findings of study used a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques are in-depth interviews and observations of the perpetrators of fisheries, both capture fisheries, processing and marketing fish. The results showed that the moratorium had a negative impact on fishery business as a decrease in revenue to loss of livelihood, the business processing time reduces the raw materials to the cessation of production of processed fish, the marketing efforts led to a reduction of fish to be marketed. However, these policies have a positive impact on the fishery business, the small scale of production increases, more and more often at sea, the nearby fishing ground, the increase in the price of fish, easy access to obtain fuel and increased revenue. 

scholarly journals Calculation and Influencing Factors of the Operating Efficiency of Chinese Airports under High-Quality Development

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Meng Shang ◽  
Chunjie Jia ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Junwei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
The Impact

Based on the cross-sectional data of 40 large-scale international airports in China in 2019, this paper introduced natural and social factors into the calculation of airport operating efficiency and constructed a BCC-SFA-BCC-Tobit 4-stage analysis framework. Combining with the connotation of the “green, smart, humane, and safe” airport high-quality development, the paper applied the Tobit model to quantitatively analyze the influencing factors of the operating efficiency of airports, and the research shows that (1) the overall operating efficiency of the study airports is 0.734; in terms of the region, the operating efficiency of airports located in southwest and northwest regions is greatly affected by natural factors, while the operating efficiency of airports located in North China is mostly affected by social factors. (2) Under the perspective of human-earth relationship, the impact of natural factors on the operating efficiency of airports is greater than that of social factors, wherein PM2.5 and relative humidity have negative impact, while the actual foreign capital utilization of the city and domestic and foreign tourists have positive impact. (3) The regression results of the Tobit model indicate that green, smart, and safe indicators can promote the high-quality development of airports, while the humane indicator restrains the high-quality development of airports.

Accidental Sustainability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Jones
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Organic Food ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Whole Foods

This chapter examines the scaling and diffusion of green entrepreneurship between 1980 and the present. It explores how entrepreneurs and business leaders promoted the idea that business and sustainability were compatible. It then examines the rapid growth of organic foods, natural beauty, ecological architecture, and eco-tourism. Green firms sometimes grew to a large scale, such as the retailer Whole Foods Market in the United States. The chapter explores how greater mainstreaming of these businesses resulted in a new set of challenges arising from scaling. Organic food was now transported across large distances causing a negative impact on carbon emissions. More eco-tourism resulted in more air travel and bigger airports. In other industries scaling had a more positive impact. Towns were major polluters, so more ecological buildings had a positive impact.

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