scholarly journals Photoperiod sensitivity of very early maturing Sri Lankan rice for flowering time and plant architecture

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Duwini Padukkage ◽  
Gamini Senanayake ◽  
Sudarshanee Geekiyanage
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Traditional Rice

AbstractUnavailability of information on photoperiod sensitivity of traditional rice is a disadvantage in breeding rice for adaptation to changing climatic conditions and for optimum plant architecture. This experiment was conducted to address the above problem through determination of variation in days to flowering (DF) and morphological traits of twenty eight selected very early maturing Sri Lankan traditional rice accessions under three photoperiod conditions: short day (SD), day neutral (DN) and long day (LD). Although rice is considered to be a facultative short day plant, 12 accessions (2088, 2979, 4615, 3970, 4245, 2091, 3450, 3883, 4217, 6741, 3738 and 3677) flowered significantly late under SD over LD, while accession 4223 flowered significantly late under DN. Fifteen accessions (3943, 4042, 4734, 3693, 4513, 3845, 4390, 4144, 4220, 4223, 4237, 4387, Bg 300, At 308 and Bg 379-2) flowered significantly early under SD over LD. Four accessions (3457, 3884, 6305 and 4358) were non-responsive to photoperiod for flowering time. Plant height significantly increased only in accession 4217 under SD. Higher plant height under DN was obtained from At 308 and accession 3883. Photoperiod did not affect plant height in accession 4237 and Bg 379-2. LD only or both LD and DN conditions produced significantly higher plant height irrespective of photoperiod responsiveness for DF in rest 26 accessions. Variation in response to photoperiod for DF and plant architecture in very early maturing Sri Lankan rice indicates the potential diversity of genetic factors for photoperiod response for future use in rice breeding.

scholarly journals Over-expression of the photoperiod response regulator ZmCCT10 modifies plant architecture, flowering time and inflorescence morphology in maize

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0203728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stephenson ◽  
Stacey Estrada ◽  
Xin Meng ◽  
Jesse Ourada ◽  
Michael G. Muszynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Inflorescence Morphology

PHOTOPERIOD RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS CONTROLLING FLOWERING OF NINE CROP SPECIES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. MAJOR
Keyword(s):  
Linear Increase ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Response Line ◽  
The Relationship

The flowering response of two cultivars of wheat, oats, rye, Polish rape, Argentine rape, flax, sorghum, and soybeans to photoperiods between 12 and 24 h at 1-h intervals was studied in controlled environment cabinets. The results indicated that in long-day species, the relationship between time to heading or first flower and photoperiod was linear and decreased as photoperiod increased to the minimum optimal photoperiod (MOP). Within the range of optimal photoperiods, the number of days to heading or flowering was constant and provided a measure of the length of the basic vegetative phase (BVP). The slope of the response line obtained in non-optimal photoperiods provided an estimate of photoperiod sensitivity. The three characteristics, MOP, BVP, and photoperiod sensitivity, were equally valid for the short-day species except that as daylength increased, there was a linear increase in time to flowering as daylength increased above a maximum optimal photoperiod (MOP). For three of four short-day cultivars, there was also a critical photoperiod above which flowering occurred in a constant number of days. Data suggest separate genetic controls for each of the response characteristics.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes Associated with Photoperiod Sensitivity in Lettuce (Lactuca spp.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongkui Han ◽  
Dean Lavelle ◽  
Maria José Truco ◽  
Richard Michelmore
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive

Abstract Key message A population of lettuce that segregated for photoperiod sensitivity was planted under long-day and short-day conditions. Genetic mapping revealed two distinct sets of QTLs controlling daylength-independent and photoperiod-sensitive flowering time. Abstract The molecular mechanism of flowering time regulation in lettuce is of interest to both geneticists and breeders because of the extensive impact of this trait on agricultural production. Lettuce is a facultative long-day plant which changes in flowering time in response to photoperiod. Variations exist in both flowering time and the degree of photoperiod sensitivity among accessions of wild (Lactuca serriola) and cultivated (L. sativa) lettuce. An F6 population of 236 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was previously developed from a cross between a late-flowering, photoperiod-sensitive L. serriola accession and an early-flowering, photoperiod-insensitive L. sativa accession. This population was planted under long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions in a total of four field and screenhouse trials; the developmental phenotype was scored weekly in each trial. Using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data of the RILs, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping revealed five flowering time QTLs that together explained more than 20% of the variation in flowering time under LD conditions. Using two independent statistical models to extract the photoperiod sensitivity phenotype from the LD and SD flowering time data, we identified an additional five QTLs that together explained more than 30% of the variation in photoperiod sensitivity in the population. Orthology and sequence analysis of genes within the nine QTLs revealed potential functional equivalents in the lettuce genome to the key regulators of flowering time and photoperiodism, FD and CONSTANS, respectively, in Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Over-expression of the photoperiod response regulator ZmCCT10 modifies plant architecture, flowering time and inflorescence morphology in maize

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stephenson ◽  
Stacey Estrada ◽  
Xin Meng ◽  
Jesse Ourada ◽  
Michael G. Muszynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Tropical Plant

AbstractMaize originated as a tropical plant that required short days to transition from vegetative to reproductive development. ZmCCT10 [CO, CONSTANS, CO-LIKE and TIMING OF CAB1 (CCT) transcription factor family] is a photoperiod regulator and was identified as a major QTL controlling photoperiod sensitivity in maize. We modulated expression of ZmCCT10 in transgenic maize using two constitutive promoters which cause differing expression levels. Transgenic plants over expressing ZmCCT10 with either promoter was delayed in their transition from vegetative to reproductive development but were not affected in their change from juvenile-to-adult vegetative growth. Strikingly, transgenic plants containing the stronger expressing construct had a very prolonged period of vegetative growth accompanied with dramatic modifications to plant architecture that impacted both vegetative and reproductive traits. These plants did not produced ears, but tassels were heavily branched, and more than half of the transgenic plants showed conversion of shoot apices into “bushy tops”, which were composed of vegetative reversion plantlets. Analysis of expression modules controlling the floral transition and meristem identity linked these networks to photoperiod dependent regulation, whereas phase change modules appeared to be photoperiod independent. Results from this study clarified the influence of the photoperiod pathway on vegetative and reproductive development and allowed to fine-tune the flowering time model for maize.

scholarly journals Development of a mini core collection from Sri Lankan traditional rice for flowering time variation

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1357-1367
Author(s):  
Elpitiya Udari Uvindhya Rathnathunga ◽  
◽  
Gamini Senanayake ◽  
Nimal Dissanayake ◽  
Saman Seneweera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Time Variation ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Mini Core Collection ◽  
Traditional Rice

scholarly journals Characterization of QTL and Environmental Interactions Controlling Flowering Time in Andean Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. González ◽  
Fernando J. Yuste-Lisbona ◽  
Jim Weller ◽  
Jacqueline K. Vander Schoor ◽  
Rafael Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Flowering Time Control

Genetic variation for response of flowering time to photoperiod plays an important role in adaptation to environments with different photoperiods, and as consequence is an important contributor to plant productivity and yield. To elucidate the genetic control of flowering time [days to flowering (DTF); growing degree days (GDD)] in common bean, a facultative short-day plant, a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed in a recombinant inbred mapping population derived from a cultivated accession and a photoperiod sensitive landrace, grown in different long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) environments by using a multiple-environment QTL model approach. A total of 37 QTL across 17 chromosome regions and 36 QTL-by-QTL interactions were identified for six traits associated with time to flowering and response to photoperiod. The DTF QTL accounted for 28 and 11% on average of the phenotypic variation in the population across LD and SD environments, respectively. Of these, a genomic region on chromosome 4 harboring the major DTF QTL was associated with both flowering time in LD and photoperiod response traits, controlling more than 60% of phenotypic variance, whereas a major QTL on chromosome 9 explained up to 32% of flowering time phenotypic variation in SD. Different epistatic interactions were found in LD and SD environments, and the presence of significant QTL × environment (QE) and epistasis × environment interactions implies that flowering time control may rely on different genes and genetic pathways under inductive and non-inductive conditions. Here, we report the identification of a novel major locus controlling photoperiod sensitivity on chromosome 4, which might interact with other loci for controlling common bean flowering time and photoperiod response. Our results have also demonstrated the importance of these interactions for flowering time control in common bean, and point to the likely complexity of flowering time pathways. This knowledge will help to identify and develop opportunities for adaptation and breeding of this legume crop.

scholarly journals ZmCCT regulates photoperiod-dependent flowering and response to stresses in maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihui Su ◽  
Jiachen Liang ◽  
Salah Fatouh Abou-Elwafa ◽  
Haiyang Cheng ◽  
Dandan Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Long Day

Abstract Background Appropriate flowering time is very important to the success of modern agriculture. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major cereal crop, originated in tropical areas, with photoperiod sensitivity. Which is an important obstacle to the utilization of tropical/subtropical germplasm resources in temperate regions. However, the study on the regulation mechanism of photoperiod sensitivity of maize is still in the early stage. Although it has been previously reported that ZmCCT is involved in the photoperiod response and delays maize flowering time under long-day conditions, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Results Here, we showed that ZmCCT overexpression delays flowering time and confers maize drought tolerance under LD conditions. Implementing the Gal4-LexA/UAS system identified that ZmCCT has a transcriptional inhibitory activity, while the yeast system showed that ZmCCT has a transcriptional activation activity. DAP-Seq analysis and EMSA indicated that ZmCCT mainly binds to promoters containing the novel motifs CAAAAATC and AAATGGTC. DAP-Seq and RNA-Seq analysis showed that ZmCCT could directly repress the expression of ZmPRR5 and ZmCOL9, and promote the expression of ZmRVE6 to delay flowering under long-day conditions. Moreover, we also demonstrated that ZmCCT directly binds to the promoters of ZmHY5, ZmMPK3, ZmVOZ1 and ZmARR16 and promotes the expression of ZmHY5 and ZmMPK3, but represses ZmVOZ1 and ZmARR16 to enhance stress resistance. Additionally, ZmCCT regulates a set of genes associated with plant development. Conclusions ZmCCT has dual functions in regulating maize flowering time and stress response under LD conditions. ZmCCT negatively regulates flowering time and enhances maize drought tolerance under LD conditions. ZmCCT represses most flowering time genes to delay flowering while promotes most stress response genes to enhance stress tolerance. Our data contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanism of ZmCCT in controlling maize flowering time and stress response.

Growth, Opium Gum Yield, and Photoperiod Response in Five Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481d-481
Author(s):  
Z. Wang ◽  
M.C. Acock ◽  
B. Acock
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Positive Correlations

To develop models for estimating growth, flowering time and gum yield of opium poppy, we compared variability among five cultivars (T, L, B1, B2, B3) from different latitudes in three Southeast Asian countries. Variability in the relationships between gum yield, capsule volume, and dry weight was also examined. Plants were grown in six growth chambers at a 11-, 12-, 13-, 14-, 15-, or 16-h photoperiod (PP) with a 12-h 25/20 °C thermoperiod. The main capsule was lanced for opium gum at 10, 13, and 16 d after flowering (DAF). Plants were harvested at 21 DAF and separated into leaves, stems, and capsules. Flowering time for B2 was affected least by PP and B1 the most. Flowering times for B3, L, and T were similar across the range of PPs. All cultivars showed a significant increase in flowering time from 14 to 13 h PP. Cultivars that flowered late (such as B1) had greater biomass than those that flowered earlier. However, cultivars that flowered earlier (such as L) had more dry matter partitioned into capsule than late-flowering ones. B2, B3, and L had the highest gum yields while B1 had the lowest. Positive correlations were found between gum dry weight and capsule volume (or dry weight) for T and L, but no correlations were observed between these variables for B1, B2, and B3. Our results indicated that plant dry weight varied as much as 77% and flowering time varied up to 40% even though the critical photoperiod was the same for all cultivars. The ratio of gum yield to capsule dry weight were significantly different between B1 and T.

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