Different training schedules influence platelet aggregation in show jumping horses

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
C. Giannetto ◽  
F. Arfuso ◽  
F. Fazio ◽  
E. Giudice ◽  
S. Di Pietro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Show Jumping ◽  
Exercise And Training

Abstract Depending on the intensity, duration and type of physical exercise, equine metabolism has to adapt to nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory system requirements. In horses, exercise and training are known to have considerable effects on the mechanisms of hemostatic system involving platelet activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different training schedules on platelet aggregation in 15 Italian Saddle jumping horses. Animals were divided into three equal groups: Group A was subjected to a high intensity-training program; group B to a light training program, group C included sedentary horses. From each animal, blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture at rest on the 1st, 3rd and 5th days, and afterwards, once a week, for a total of 5 weeks data recording, in order to assess the maximum degree of platelet aggregation and the initial velocity of aggregation (slope) platelet aggregation. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect of the different training schedules on studied parameters. The results revealed a different degree of platelet aggregation and a different initial velocity of platelet aggregation that changes during the different training schedules in horses that could represent a different protective endothelial mechanism. These findings could have an important role for a clearer knowledge of the physiological reference values of platelet aggregation and for a better interpretation of these variations during the training.

Blood Viscosity and Platelet Aggregation in Male and Female Patients with Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA)

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Palareti ◽  
M. Poggi ◽  
G. Fortunato ◽  
S. Coccheri
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Transient Ischaemic Attacks ◽  
Group A ◽  
Circulating Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Group B ◽  
Almost All

A series of 40 patients with TIA (25 males and 15 females) was thoroughly investigated by means of angiography and computerized tomography, and divided into a group (A) of 15 “sine materia”, and a group (B) of 25 with direct or indirect evidence of vascular occlusive or stenotic changes. Blood viscosity at 230 sec-1 37° was cp 4.2 ± 0.3 in the controls, cp 4.7 ± 0.7 in all patients (p < 0.05) cp 4.98 ± 0.7 in all male patients (p < 0.01 versus male controls), and cp 4.75 ± 0.8 in group B (p < 0.02). Haematocrit and Fibrinogen were also significantly increased in all male patients and in group B. Circulating platelet aggregates (CPA) were increased in 40% of the patients. Almost all patients with elevated CPA were males, with a slight prevalence in group B. Changes in blood viscosity parameters and in platelet aggregation in TIA patients were therefore related both to evidence of vascular lesions, and to sex, since they were found to prevail in male patients of both groups.

Platelet Function and Adrenoceptors during and after Induced Hypotension using Nitroprusside

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340. ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald V. Dietrich ◽  
Michael Heesen ◽  
Joachim Boldt ◽  
Gunter Hempelmann
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Controlled Hypotension ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation

Background Hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside can minimize intraoperative blood loss. The release of endogenous catecholamines can influence adrenoceptors of platelets and thus might change the ability of platelets to aggregate. Methods Forty patients undergoing nasal septum, tympanoplastic, or sphenoid sinus surgery were randomly divided into two groups, those having controlled hypotension (A) and those serving as controls (B). Blood samples were drawn before the operation, after induction of anesthesia, 1 h after the start of the operation, and on the day after surgery. Results Epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation only increased in the controls on the day after surgery (A: from 49 +/- 25% to 47 +/- 29%; B: from 53 +/- 24% to 72 +/- 14%; mean +/- SD; P &lt; 0.01). Spontaneous platelet aggregation increased in the controls from a median of 1.2 omega/h to 2.4 during the operation and 2.9 on the day after surgery but not after hypotension. On the day after surgery, alpha 2 receptors reached their maximum (A: 238 +/- 164; B: 234 +/- 80 per platelet). During the operation, the norepinephrine concentrations were significantly greater in group A (median, 419 pg/ml) than in group B (median, 217 pg/ml; P &lt; 0.05). Blood loss was greater in the controls (A: 180 +/- 75; B: 379 +/- 120 ml; P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Controlled hypotension using sodium nitroprusside reduces epinephrine-induced and spontaneous platelet aggregation. Even on the day after hypotension, the usual postoperative reactive increase in platelet aggregation did not occur. These results may be explained by the direct effect of nitroprusside on platelets, the augmented stress response, lower shear stress on platelets due to the lower blood pressure, or the decreased blood loss compared with the controls.

Oral Administration Of Eicosapentanoic Acid (EPA) Stimulates Production Of Prostacyclin By Rat Aorta

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hamazaki ◽  
A Hirai ◽  
T Terano ◽  
Y Tamura ◽  
A Kumagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Platelet Aggregability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Prostacyclin (PGI2) which is mainly produced in blood vessels has the most potent platelet antiaggregatory activity of any substance yet found. It is therefore thought that PGI2 is a preventive agent for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We found that EPA orally administered to rats stimulated rat thoracic aorta to produce a PGl2like substance at 3 times normal levels. While there are several reports suggesting that EPA may contribute to the prevention of CVD by inhibiting platelet functions and improving plasma lipid concentrations, this is the first report that shows the relationships between orally administered EPA and PGl2~like substance production from aorta. METHODS: Two groups of Wistar rats were fed either a normal diet (group A) or a normal diet plus 74% pure EPA, 60 mg/kg/day (group B), for 8 weeks. Thoracic aortas were excised, cut into rings, and incubated in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, for 10 min. The activity of the PGl2-like substance was measured by inhibition of human platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregability of rats in both groups was also checked with ADP as an aggregant. RESULTS: The rate of production of the PGl2~like substance by the aortas of group B was 4.0±1.4 ng/mg wet aorta/10 min (calibrated with authentic Na-PGI2), while that of group A was 1.4±0.5 (P<0.001). Platelet aggregability was depressed in group B rats. There was no significant difference in concentrations of plasma lipids such as total and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipid. DISCUSSION: It has been suggested that EPA could prevent CVD through its antiaggregatory property. Now we suggest a new possibility that EPA could prevent CVD by stimulating blood vessels to produce more PGI2-like substance as well as by inhibiting platelet aggregation directly.

The effect of training volume and intensity on competitive cyclists’ efficiency

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hopker ◽  
Damian Coleman ◽  
Louis Passfield ◽  
Jonathan Wiles
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Cycling Efficiency ◽  
Competitive Cyclists ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Intensive Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Delta Efficiency ◽  
Intensity Training

The impact of different intensity training on cycling efficiency in competitive cyclists is unknown. Twenty-nine endurance-trained competitive male cyclists completed 3 laboratory visits during a 12-week training period. At each visit, their cycling efficiency and maximal oxygen uptake were determined. After the first visit, cyclists were randomly split into 2 groups (A and B). Over the first 6 weeks, between tests 1 and 2, group A was prescribed specific high-intensity training sessions, whereas group B was restricted in the amount of intensive work undertaken. After test 2 and for the second 6-week period, group B was allowed to conduct high-intensity training. Gross efficiency (GE) increased in group A (+1.6 ± 1.4%; p < 0.05) following the high-intensity training, whereas no significant change was seen in group B (+0.1 ± 0.7%; p > 0.05). Group B cyclists increased their GE between tests 2 and 3 (+1.4 ± 0.8%; p < 0.05) but no changes in GE were observed in group A over this period (+0.4 ± 0.4%; p > 0.05). Delta efficiency (DE) did not change significantly in either group across the study period. This study demonstrates that GE is increased following high-intensity training in competitive male cyclists after 12 weeks.

Mutations of the Platelet Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) Receptor in Patients Characterized by the Absence of TXA2–induced Platelet Aggregation despite Normal TXA2 Binding Activity

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1528-1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Higuchi ◽  
Akira Hattori ◽  
Yoshifusa Aizawa ◽  
Ichiro Fuse
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Mutant Type ◽  
Platelet Disorder ◽  
Group A ◽  
Txa2 Receptor ◽  
Group B

SummaryPreviously, we reported five cases of platelet dysfunction characterized by the absence of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) – induced platelet aggregation despite normal TXA2 binding activity. In this platelet disorder, patients were divided into two groups; i.e. those whose platelets lacked or did not lack phospholipase C (PLC) activation (Group A and Group B, respectively) (Thromb Haemost 1996; 76: 1080). Furthermore, in one of the patients, we showed that a single amino acid substitution (Arg60 to Leu) in the first cytoplasmic loop of the TXA2 receptor (TXR) was responsible for this platelet disorder. However, mutational analysis of the TXR in the remaining patients has not been performed. Based on this background, we investigated the mutations of the TXR in these patients, and found that all of the patients have the same abnormality of the TXR (Arg60 → Leu), although the Group A patients were homozygous and the Group B patients were heterozygous for this mutation.This mutation is the only abnormality which has been found in this platelet disorder, and in patients heterozygous for this mutation, the mutant type TXR suppresses wild-type receptor-mediated platelet aggregation by a mechanism independent of PLC activation.

Platelet Function in Alcoholics Treated with Disulfiram

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Maria Luigia Randi ◽  
Ilia Zanella ◽  
Piero Pujatti ◽  
Barbara Soini ◽  
Antonio Girolami
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Normal Controls

Disulfiram is usually used in alcoholics as aversion therapy. It binds to various enzymes and pro teins in blood and in tissues. In particular, it inhibits the thromboxane synthetase in human platelets and, for this reason, it has been surmised that disulfiram has a possible effect on platelet function. So far, disulfiram failed to confirm this hypothesis in healthy volunteers. However, it appears able to decrease the threshold collagen concen tration for platelet aggregation. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of disulfiram on the platelet function of alco holics. In this study, 24 alcoholics, divided in group A (12 abstinent patients with disulfiram 200 mg/day), group B (12 abstinent patients without treatment), and 17 normal controls, are reported. Different tests were performed at time 0 (acute alcohol intoxication), time 2, and time 15 after the beginning of abstinence. A significant increase was observed in bleeding time (BT) of group B and in platelet count of both groups. No modification was seen in prothrombin time. In group A, a significant increase of platelet aggregation under adenosine diphosphate (ADP; 2 μ M) stimulus was observed. Whereas no difference was seen in platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), serum 5-HT increased significantly at time 15 in group A. We con clude that the increase in serum 5-HT was probably due to the inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) promoted by disulfiram, followed by an activation of MAO induced by disulfiram.

scholarly journals Functional properties of hemostasis in piglets after short-term overheating against the background of corrective action

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00169
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Zaitsev ◽  
Marina V. Mekhanikova ◽  
Svetlana V. Shestakova ◽  
Tatyana P. Ryzhakina
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Large White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Group 1

Catosal is considered to be a highly effective bio-stimulator. It showed his properties in animals, realizing the stimulation of their tissues and organs. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Catosal on hemostatic parameters in piglets that experienced overheating. 58 piglets at the age of 2.5 months, which belonged to a large white breed, were taken into work. All animals as a result of an accidental emergency shutdown of the air conditioning system in the pigsty suffered overheating for 3 hours. These animals were randomly divided into two comparable groups. One was named experimental; the other was called control 1. Pigs of the experimental group (21 heads) received intramuscular injections of 2.5 ml of Catosal daily for 5 consecutive days, from the next day after an overheating episode. The control group 1 consisted of piglets with a total number of 21. After an overheating episode, they were under the usual conditions of a pigsty and did not receive any effects. In experimental piglets and piglets of the control group 1, all indicators were recorded in the outcome and after 30 days. Control group 2 consisted of 32 completely healthy piglets that were kept under standard conditions of a pigsty for their entire lives. They were examined once. Catosal injections in the observed piglets after overheating led to a decrease in spontaneous and stimulated platelet aggregation to normal levels. Against the background of the use of Catosal in the piglets that made up the experimental group, a weakening of hemocoagulation was found, which improved blood circulation in their tissues. Piglets of control group 1 showed an increase in platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. This had a very negative effect on hemorheology in them and weakened their metabolism. We can assume that in piglets after overheating, in the absence of optimizing effects, hemostasis is activated. This adversely affects the course of microcirculation and inhibits growth. Injections in piglets after overheating of the Catosal lead to a weakening of hemocoagulation and platelet activity to optimum values. This normalizes the course of microcirculation in the internal organs of animals.

EFfect Of Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor On Foetal Outcome In Cases Of Eph Gestosis

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Bhattacharya ◽  
S Bhattacharya ◽  
K Mukherjee ◽  
N Bose ◽  
B Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Placental Perfusion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Foetal Outcome ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aggregation Inhibitor ◽  
Group B

42 mothers with clinical features of mild to moderate specific gestosis (Oedema, Proteinuria, Hypertension) with mean age 29.6±2.8 yrs SD, mean diastolic pressure at 28 weeks 98±4.4, mean parity 2.1±1.1, were enrolled in a placebo controlled double blind trial to see the effect of Dipyridamole (a platelet aggregation inhibitor mainly) in 100 mg t.i.d. on the augmentation of the placental perfusion, by changing the microplatelet thrombi, from 28 weeks up to term. Mothers randomized and grouped equally. Group A received placebo and Group B received drugs in the schedule mentioned. Two cases started premature labour (Group A) and excluded from study. The mean foetal wt in Group B 2700±67 and in Group A 2462±142, expressed in Gms with SD. Fibrinoid area stained with Phosphotungstic acid Aniline Blue of Mallory, was estimated for point counting of W. Ahere (The Placenta, pp. 83-84, Ed. P. Gruenwald, MTP, 1975). The result of the counting suggested a positive physiological correlationship with the outcome of the foetal weight in this tentative study.

scholarly journals Platelet reactivity with a third generation thienopyridine drug versus with a second-generation thienopyridine drug

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3704-3709
Author(s):  
Feryal Hashim Rada
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Minor Bleeding ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Treatment Analysis ◽  
Group B

Prasugrel is a third generation thienopyridine drug and Clopidogrel is a second-generation thienopyridine drug. Both drugs used for reducing platelet aggregation in patients with coronary artery diseases.The aim of this study is to investigate the antiplatelet efficacy and safety of Prasugrel 5mg daily as compared to Clopidogrel 75 mg daily for period along to 12 days treatment.Fifty patients, (10 females, 40 males), their ages ranging from (50- 60) years with stable angina were recruited from IbnAlbitar Center for Cardiac Surgery and enrolled in this case study.Of whom 25 patients (group A) received a dose of 75 mg daily of Clopidogrel and other 25 patients (group B) were on a dose of 5 mg daily of Prasugrel for a period of 12 days .Clinical laboratory data of lipid profile, renal function, and prothrombine time obtained at baseline (before treatment). While Platelet aggregation percent measured at the baseline and after 12 days of treatment.The maximal platelet aggregation percent for group A was fell from 78 % ± 6.3 (baseline) to 43.5% ± 5.8 (after 12 days treatment).While patients of group B showed dropping in the maximal platelet aggregation percent from 76 % ± 7.4 (baseline) to 27.3 % ± 5.7 (after 12 days treatment). Analysis of adverse events showed three patients with minor bleeding occurred during Prasugrel treatment, and no bleeding occurred during Clopidogrel treatment. Compared with Clopidogrel 75mg treatment, Prasugrel 5mg treatment for 12 days averted platelets accumulation more quickly and steadily.

scholarly journals Isocentric Navigation for the Training of Percutaneous Endoscopic Transforaminal Discectomy: A Feasibility Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxin Fan ◽  
Chaobo Feng ◽  
Wangcheng Xie ◽  
Dongdong Wang ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Lumbar Disc Herniation ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Lumbar Disc ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background. Percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) is usually chosen for lumbar disc herniation due to its obvious advantages such as small incision and absence of nerve or muscular traction. However, learning PETD is a great challenge for inexperienced surgeons. Objective. The study aimed to investigate whether isocentric navigation would be beneficial in PETD training. Methods. A total of 117 inexperienced surgeons were trained with PETD at L2/3, L3/4, L4/5, and L5/S1 on the cadavers without (Group A n=58) or with (Group B n=59) isocentric navigation. Puncture times, fluoroscopy times, exposure time, and radiation dose were recorded and analyzed. Questionnaires were conducted before and after the training program. Result. Isocentric navigation could improve young surgeons’ satisfaction with the training program and decrease the puncture times, fluoroscopy times, exposure time, and radiation dose significantly (P<0.001). Conclusion. Isocentric navigation contributes to the training of PETD and may improve its standardization, homogenization, and generalization.

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