Pyrolysis of polypropylene over zeolite mordenite ammonium: kinetics and products distribution

Abstract The present work reveals pyrolysis kinetics of polypropylene (PP) over zeolite modernite using thermogravimetry. The activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (A) were calculated applying Ozawa Flynn Wall, Coats-Redfern, and Tang Wanjun methods. The Ea calculated by all the methods were found in accord with each other. The pyrolysis was also performed in a salt bath in the temperature range 350°C–390°C. It was observed that a temperature of 370°C is the optimum temperature for maximum liquid fuel production. Moreover, the amount of solid residue decreases with the rise in temperature. Similarly, gas fraction also shows linear relationship with temperature. The condensable and noncondensable fractions were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fuel properties of the oil produced were assessed and compared with commercial fuel. These properties agree well with fossil fuel and therefore have potential applications as fuel.

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Investigation of the pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of oil-palm solid waste by using Coats–Redfern method

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/0144598719877759 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 298-309

Author(s):

Fredy Surahmanto ◽

Harwin Saptoadi ◽

Hary Sulistyo ◽

Tri A Rohmat

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Solid Waste ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Frequency Factor ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽

Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽

Kinetics Of

The pyrolysis kinetics of oil-palm solid waste was investigated by performing experiments on its individual components, including empty fruit bunch, fibre, shell, as well as the blends by using a simultaneous thermogravimetric analyser at a heating rate of 10°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere and setting up from initial temperature of 30°C to a final temperature of 550°C. The results revealed that the activation energy and frequency factor values of empty fruit bunch, fibre, and shell are 7.58–63.25 kJ/mol and 8.045E-02–4.054E + 04 s−1, 10.45–50.76 kJ/mol and 3.639E-01–5.129E + 03 s−1, 9.46–55.64 kJ/mol and 2.753E-01–9.268E + 03, respectively. Whereas, the corresponding values for empty fruit bunch–fibre, empty fruit bunch–shell, fibre–shell, empty fruit bunch–fibre–shell are 2.97–38.35 kJ/mol and 1.123E-02–1.326E + 02 s−1, 7.95–40.12 kJ/mol and 9.26E-02–2.101E + 02 s−1, 9.14–50.17 kJ/mol and 1.249E-01–2.25E + 03 s−1, 8.35–45.69 kJ/mol and 1.344E + 01–4.23E + 05 s−1, respectively. It was found that the activation energy and frequency factor values of the blends were dominantly due to the role of the components with a synergistic effect occurred during pyrolysis.

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Formate Formation and Formate Conversion in Biological Fuels Production

Enzyme Research ◽

10.4061/2011/532536 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Bryan R. Crable ◽

Caroline M. Plugge ◽

Michael J. McInerney ◽

Alfons J. M. Stams

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Fourth Generation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Enzymatic Reduction ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Important Intermediate ◽

Complex Organic

Biomethanation is a mature technology for fuel production. Fourth generation biofuels research will focus on sequestering CO2 and providing carbon-neutral or carbon-negative strategies to cope with dwindling fossil fuel supplies and environmental impact. Formate is an important intermediate in the methanogenic breakdown of complex organic material and serves as an important precursor for biological fuels production in the form of methane, hydrogen, and potentially methanol. Formate is produced by either CoA-dependent cleavage of pyruvate or enzymatic reduction of CO2 in an NADH- or ferredoxin-dependent manner. Formate is consumed through oxidation to CO2 and H2 or can be further reduced via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for carbon fixation or industrially for the production of methanol. Here, we review the enzymes involved in the interconversion of formate and discuss potential applications for biofuels production.

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Effects of Chemical Properties and Inherent Mineral Matters on Pyrolysis Kinetics of Low-Rank Coals

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9122111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2111

Author(s):

Ziqi Zhu ◽

Rihong Cong ◽

Lingmei Zhou ◽

Hao Zheng ◽

Yanan Tu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Frequency Factor ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Low Rank ◽

Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽

Clean Coal ◽

Pyrolysis Behavior ◽

Washing Process ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Low Rank Coals

The kinetics during the pyrolysis process depend on both chemical structure and inherent mineral matters in coal, but normally, only one of these components is investigated in literature. In the present work, four low-rank coals were pyrolyzed in a thermogravimetric analyzer at a heating rate of 10 K/min in a constant nitrogen stream at a temperature up to 900 °C to study the pyrolysis behavior and kinetics. Two of the samples were raw coal (R-YL) and clean coal (C-YL) obtained through the washing process. The results showed that the coal-washing process mainly affected the inorganic part (mineral matters) and structure in coal, which did not largely change the chemical properties. The pyrolysis behavior in primary stage (before 550 °C) was mainly affected by the chemical properties of coal, while the pyrolysis behavior in higher temperature also depended on inherent mineral matters. The kinetics of four coals were obtained using the Coats–Redfern (CR) method with five theoretical models. The difference of E value was almost negligible for R-YL and C-YL, also showing that the coal-washing process did not largely change the chemical properties. The higher frequency factor A for clean coal C-YL showed a more porous structure due to the coal-washing process. The apparent activation energy E in the third stage was affected by the thermodynamic property of inherent minerals.

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Isoconversional Methods for Kinetic Modeling of Kerogen Pyrolysis Using TG Data

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.299 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 835 ◽

pp. 299-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Shawabkeh ◽

K.S. Abdel Halim ◽

O. Al-Ayed

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Activation Energy ◽

Oil Shale ◽

Frequency Factor ◽

Isoconversional Methods ◽

Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽

Medium Level ◽

Kerogen Pyrolysis ◽

High Level ◽

Kinetics Of

The pyrolysis kinetics of the Jordanian Lajjun oil shale kerogen was investigated inside a TGA reactor. Kerogen samples (extracted by mineral digestion) were non-isothermally heated at rates varying from 1 to 50°C/min under 350-550C in N2 atmosphere. Friedman, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) models were employed to estimate the kinetic parameters at isoconversional points ranging from 0.1 to 0.9. The value of the calculated apparent activation energy (E) was found to vary with both the employed model and the conversion (x). Using the three models, the calculated increased with from 10 to 30% (low level), and then decreased with from 30 to 60% (medium level). At high level (60 to 90%), however, increased with increase using both KAS and FWO models, while it continuously dropped with increase using Friedman model. The frequency factor (k0) calculated form each model was found to linearly correlate with E. Compared to KAS and FWO models, Friedman' provided a more accurate fit to the experimental data.

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Renewable CO2 recycling and synthetic fuel production in a marine environment

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1902335116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (25) ◽

pp. 12212-12219 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bruce D. Patterson ◽

Frode Mo ◽

Andreas Borgschulte ◽

Magne Hillestad ◽

Fortunat Joos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Fuel ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Fuel Production ◽

Synthetic Fuel ◽

Storage Media ◽

Fossil Fuel Burning ◽

Fuel Burning ◽

Co2 Recycling

A massive reduction in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning is required to limit the extent of global warming. However, carbon-based liquid fuels will in the foreseeable future continue to be important energy storage media. We propose a combination of largely existing technologies to use solar energy to recycle atmospheric CO2 into a liquid fuel. Our concept is clusters of marine-based floating islands, on which photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electrical energy to produce H2 and to extract CO2 from seawater, where it is in equilibrium with the atmosphere. These gases are then reacted to form the energy carrier methanol, which is conveniently shipped to the end consumer. The present work initiates the development of this concept and highlights relevant questions in physics, chemistry, and mechanics.

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Pyrolysis Kinetics of Blends of Mengen Lignite with Denizli Peat

Energy Sources ◽

10.1080/00908310152004755 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 657-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yilser Güldoğan ◽

Tülay Durusoy ◽

Tijen Bozdemir

Keyword(s):

Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of

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Pyrolysis kinetics of moso bamboo

Wood and Fiber Science ◽

10.22382/wfs-2018-008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 77-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ruijuan Wang ◽

Fang Liang ◽

Changle Jiang ◽

Zehui Jiang ◽

Jingxin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moso Bamboo ◽

Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽

Kinetics Of

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A Novel Pseudomonas geniculata AGE Family Epimerase/Isomerase and Its Application in d-Mannose Synthesis

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9121809 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1809

Author(s):

Zhanzhi Liu ◽

Ying Li ◽

Jing Wu ◽

Sheng Chen

Keyword(s):

3D Structure ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Optimal Temperature ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Enzymatic Production ◽

Physiological Properties ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Optimal Reaction ◽

Gene Age

d-mannose has exhibited excellent physiological properties in the food, pharmaceutical, and feed industries. Therefore, emerging attention has been applied to enzymatic production of d-mannose due to its advantage over chemical synthesis. The gene age of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase family epimerase/isomerase (AGEase) derived from Pseudomonas geniculata was amplified, and the recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was characterized. The optimal temperature and pH of P. geniculata AGEase were 60 °C and 7.5, respectively. The Km, kcat, and kcat/Km of P. geniculata AGEase for d-mannose were 49.2 ± 8.5 mM, 476.3 ± 4.0 s−1, and 9.7 ± 0.5 s−1·mM−1, respectively. The recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was classified into the YihS enzyme subfamily in the AGE enzyme family by analyzing its substrate specificity and active center of the three-dimensional (3D) structure. Further studies on the kinetics of different substrates showed that the P. geniculata AGEase belongs to the d-mannose isomerase of the YihS enzyme. The P. geniculata AGEase catalyzed the synthesis of d-mannose with d-fructose as a substrate, and the conversion rate was as high as 39.3% with the d-mannose yield of 78.6 g·L−1 under optimal reaction conditions of 200 g·L−1d-fructose and 2.5 U·mL−1P. geniculata AGEase. This novel P. geniculata AGEase has potential applications in the industrial production of d-mannose.

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