scholarly journals Usandsynligheder, overkrydsninger og umuligheder. En retorisk tilgang til brud på den mimetiske karakternarrations kode

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (112) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
James Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Independent Sets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn ◽  
Great Gatsby ◽  
The Great Gatsby ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The One ◽  
Rhetorical Narratology

IMPROBABILITIES, CROSSOVERS, AND IMPOSSIBILITIES | Extending and to some extent revising some of his earlier work, James Phelan in this essay examines three kinds of “unnatural”departures from the mimetic code. Paralepsis (or implausible knowledgeable narration), simultaneous present-tense character narration, and a kind of departure not previously noticed, which he calls cross over narration: “an author links the narration of two independent sets of events by transferring the effects of the narration of the one to the other.” In spite of being rather different ways of breaching the mimetic code, the three breaks form a useful cluster for investigating underlying conventions of reading that can explain why readers often do not notice the breakes. Phelan thus induces two Meta-Rules of Readerly Engagement: The Value Added Meta-Rule underlies the principle that disclosurefunctions trump narrator functions, and stipulates that readers overlook breaks in the mimetic code when those breaks enhance their reading experience; the Story over Discourse Meta-Rule stipulates that once a narrative foregrounds its mimetic component, readers will privilege story elements over discourseelements, and thus be inclined to overlook breaks in the code. Four additional Rules are derived from the Meta-Rules in a reading of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which serves as an example ofimplausibly knowledgeable narration. Rules and Meta-Rules are then deployed in reading a passage of The Great Gatsby, exemplifying crossover narration. A discussion with Henrik Skov Nielsen about the simultaneous present-tense narration in Glamorama marks both the closeness and a certain differencein perspective between rhetorical narratology and Nielsen’s concept of narration without narrators.

scholarly journals Giono, Translator or Reader of Moby-Dick?

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-42
Author(s):  
Isabelle Génin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Moby Dick ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Jean Giono ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the interaction between reading and translating, in the case of the first unabridged translation of Moby-Dick into French by Jean Giono, Lucien Jacques and Joan Smith, published by Gallimard in 1941. After a brief survey of the status of that translation—an important cultural landmark in France—the paper examines what the paratext (Giono’s diary, notes and letters) and the typescripts reveal about a seemingly paradoxical situation: Giono’s keen reading of Moby-Dick on the one hand and the simplification and clarification strategies adopted in the translation on the other hand. A selection of stylistic analyses illustrates both the choices made by the translators and the part played by each participant in the project. It appears that Giono did not necessarily misread Moby-Dick, underestimating its scope and significance. Instead, after reading the novel, he grew indifferent to its translation and concentrated his energy on his own writing in which he re-invested his reading experience. As to the other co-translators, Joan Smith provided a word-for-word translation of the text that made no attempt at interpreting the text, while Lucien Jacques strove to re-write Smith’s literal first draft, in spite of his difficult position as a non-reader (albeit an enthusiastic one) of Moby-Dick.

Ineffable narratives in Spanish: Another case of overgeneration by e-GIVENness

Probus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Saab
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Semantic View ◽  
Semantic Approach ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Mutual Entailment ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The One ◽  
Proper Representation

AbstractIn this paper, I present a new case of overgeneration for the semantic view on identity in ellipsis. Concretely, I show that a radical version of the semantic approach to the identity condition on ellipsis, in particular, one with the notion of mutual entailment at its heart, wrongly predicts as grammatical cases of TP-ellipsis in Spanish where a (formal) present tense feature on T in the antecedent entails a (formal) past tense feature in the elliptical constituent and vice versa. However, this is not attested: present tense cannot serve as a suitable antecedent for formal past tense in TP-ellipsis contexts, regardless of pragmatic entailment. On the basis of this and other new observations in the realm of tense and ellipsis, several consequences for the theory of identity in ellipsis, on the one hand, and the proper representation of tense in natural languages, on the other, are also discussed.

THE SITUATION WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN MACEDONIA IN RELATION TO THE SOURCES FOR THEIR FINANCING

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Marija Gogova Samonikov ◽  
Elena Veselinova ◽  
Ilija Gruevski ◽  
Risto Fotov ◽  
Zorica Zdraveva
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Trade Sector ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The impact of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in employment and value added in the Republic of Macedonia registered a slight increase in the period from 2009 to 2013. Just like in other economies in the region, most SMEs work in the wholesale and retail trade sector (44.0%), followed by the manufacturing sector (13.0%) (OECD 2016). Based on the importance of SMEs in the Macedonian economy in general, this paper aims to point out the gap that exists between the well-identified weakness of the Macedonian economy towards stimulating the life expectancy of SMEs on the one hand and their development on the other, emphasized in the forms of the sources of funding available to them. For that purpose are used statistical analyzes and comparisons, and are accepted conclusions about the current situation with the SMEs environment and the forms of financing of SMEs in Macedonia

scholarly journals Auswirkungen von Nutzungsrestriktionen auf die Wertschöpfungskette Holz – Beispiel Österreich

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schwarzbauer ◽  
Martin Braun
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Sector Model ◽  
Coniferous Wood ◽  
The One ◽  
Biomass Availability ◽  
The Impact

Impacts of harvest reductions on the value-added wood chain – the case of Austria Wooden biomass availability and the possibility of a scarcity due to a potential harvest reduction are of crucial importance to the Austrian forest-based sector but also relevant for decision makers in environmental policy. The simulation model of the Austrian forest-based sector (model: “Forst- und Holzwirtschaft”, FOHOW) was used to simulate two independent scenarios with harvest reduction in forests available for wood supply (FAWS). In one scenario the reductions are implemented on FAWS of “average” profitability, in the other scenario the reductions take place on FAWS with “poor” profitability. On the one hand, the aim of the study was the analysis of the impacts of reduced wood supply on the value-added wood chain until 2025, on the other hand the impact intensities of the two scenarios have been compared. In general, a harvest reduction resulting in less wood supply has a negative impact on the Austrian forest-based sector. While forestry and the sawmill industry suffer more from a harvest reduction in FAWS with average profitability (because of the lower supply of coniferous roundwood), a harvest reduction in FAWS with lower profitability would affect the panel and paper industry as well as the wood-based energy sector more negatively; reduced harvests in these forest areas would mainly reduce the supply of non-coniferous wood. This, in turn would fuel the competition between the use of wood for materials vs. energy and push pulp- and fuelwood prices up.

Inventory of a Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 462-483
Author(s):  
Alexander Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arcades Project ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Alexander Kluge ◽  
The One ◽  
As If

This chapter looks at the dialogue between Prof. Dr. Burkhardt Lindner, editor of the Benjamin Handbook, and Alexander Kluge wherein they talked about Walter Benjamin's Arcades Project (1982). According to his exposé of 1939, Walter Benjamin divided Arcades Project into six parts and called the first “Arcades,” the second “Panoramas,” and the next “World Expositions.” And then came “Interiors,” “Streets,” and then finally “Barricades.” He wrote his exposé incidentally in the present tense such that it did not appear like a story from the past, but rather as if he were an eyewitness of something taking place now. He then assigned a figure to each of these six keywords such that there was within Benjamin's imagination one person who did, planned, or achieved something, on the one hand, and an object world naturally far more powerful, on the other. Lindner and Kluge also considers Benjamin's anthropological materialism.

Women Who Kill

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-121
Author(s):  
Michael Meere
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Concern ◽  
Women Who Kill ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The One ◽  
Theatrical Training ◽  
A Current

This chapter on murderesses first considers the theatrical training of young men at the collèges and then turns to Jean Bastier de La Péruse’s Médée (1556). The chapter examines how Médée offers a negative example of violence by manipulating the myth of the infamous filicide on the one hand, and, on the other, by gendering violence to show the irascibility of the female monster who escapes man’s control. The fear of and disdain for women in the period underline the topical urgency of this female threat. Indeed, by staging the murder of Médée’s children and placing this violence in the present tense, rather than keeping the filicides offstage, La Péruse’s tragedy suggests that the Medea archetype inspired by Euripides and Seneca was not simply a mythological figure of the past but very much a current concern in sixteenth-century France.

“feš taqra?” What are You Reading?

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-312
Author(s):  
Margherita Pallottino
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Accusative Case ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
The One ◽  
Tunisian Arabic ◽  
Structural Layer

This paper describes the distribution and the selectional properties of perfective and imperfective verb forms in Tunisian Arabic. While perfective predicates are finite forms and always undergo movement out of the VP domain, imperfective predicates acts less consistently as a unified class and, in some contexts, do not undergo movement to negation showing a behavior that reminds this of non-finite forms. Moreover, when the imperfective verb does not undergo movement, an additional structural layer headed by the preposition “fi” is introduced above the direct object. I propose that in this configuration the imperfective predicate is the non-finite element of a periphrastic construction whose other component is a null auxiliary with present tense reference. On the one side this construction affects the aspectual interpretation of the event; on the other, it affects the predicate’s ability to assign accusative Case to its object. As for the contexts where the imperfective predicate undergoes movement, I propose that their interpretation relies on a Generic Operator that provides an aspectual frame over which the predicate is interpreted.

scholarly journals Creating Platforms by Hosting Rivals

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3234-3248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Hagiu ◽  
Bruno Jullien ◽  
Julian Wright
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Multiproduct Firm ◽  
The One

We explore conditions under which a multiproduct firm can profitably turn itself into a platform by “hosting rivals,” that is, by inviting rivals to sell products or services on top of its core product. Hosting eliminates the additional shopping costs to consumers of buying a specialist rival’s competing version of the multiproduct firm’s noncore product. On the one hand, this makes it easier for the rival to compete on the noncore product. On the other hand, hosting turns the rival from a pure competitor into a complementor: the value added by its product now helps raise consumer demand for the multiproduct firm’s core product. As a result, hosting can be both unilaterally profitable for the multiproduct firm and jointly profitable for both firms. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy.

Impossible Commands: Reading Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-454
Author(s):  
Susan Derwin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn ◽  
The One ◽  
Plot Structure ◽  
Formal Requirements ◽  
Huckleberry Finn

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn begins with a notice cautioning against readings that attempt to find motive, moral, or meaning in the narrative, in short, with a proscription that contest the grounds of reading itself. Such a command is only intelligible in light of the relation elaborated in the text between, on the one hand, conscience or mortality, and on the other hand, cognition, as embodied by the formal requirements of plot. The novel suggests that the strictures of morality are as necessary to human identity as plot structure is to narrative. Moreover, both morality and plot are indebted to a process of narcissistic projection that produces meaning by generating distorting images of self and other. Morality is an ambivalent force, both aggressive and constitutive in its effects, while plot, in its capacity to control the disclosure of information, is manipulative and strategically exclusionary. The structure of Huckleberry Finn observes the requirements of plot, but Twain's complex use of irony complicates the novel's formal linearity and affords a critical perspective on the process of narcissistic projection underwriting both plot and mortality.

scholarly journals Is the legislation important in the context of transfer pricing?

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 02067
Author(s):  
Katarina Zvarikova ◽  
Erika Kovalova
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Research background: The continuing trend of globalization and interconnection of national economics is reviling many opportunities as well as threats arising from this development. The transfer pricing is one of these issues as a legal framework to adjust the tax base. But on the other hand, this issue also affects other important areas and reveals its risks. There is focused on the transfer pricing and its legal framework in these presented papers as recent years have indicated that there is a huge necessity to regulate and legislatively define the transfer pricing on the part of the state. And although we can take the opinion that this is a modern issue, we have been encountering this problem since 1915 and since this time it is gaining in its importance. Purpose of the article: We can distinguish two different parties. On the one hand, there is a company (most of the time its multinational company) with its goal to achieve the best possible efficiency also by paying the lowest possible taxes. On the other hand, we recognize the state with his aim of optimal tax policy allowing it to maximize the amount of collected taxes, i. e. it should be in the best interest of the state to define the transfer pricing precisely to prevent possible tax evasion. Methods: The main method used in the article is literature research and analysis of the law documents. Findings & Value added: The aim of this article is to identify the basic legislative guidelines in the field of transfer pricing in the international level as well as in the level of the Slovak republic.

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