scholarly journals Impact Of Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) And Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Bark Extracts On Important Strawberry Pathogens

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Minova ◽  
Rita Sešķēna ◽  
Santa Voitkāne ◽  
Zane Metla ◽  
Māris Daugavietis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Mycosphaerella Fragariae

AbstractPhytopathogenic fungi induced considerable economic losses in strawberry production industry; therefore, more attention should be paid to development and implementation of preventative treatment that is environmentally friendly. Coniferous trees produce a wide variety of compounds, such as terpenoids and phenolics. Several studies are known on fungicidal activity of different components of coniferous tree bark. The aim of this study was to evaluatein vitropine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) and spruce (Picea abies(L.) Karst.) bark ethanol extracts impact on pathogenous fungi causing diseases of strawberries. Products of processed pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea abies) bark were tested. During 2011 to 2013, severalin vitroexperiments were carried out to test the effectiveness of pine and spruce bark extracts against various phytopathogenic fungi isolated from strawberries:Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum acutatum, Phytophthora cactorumandMycosphaerella fragariae.Radial growth tests showed that coniferous bark extracts inhibit mycelial growth ofB. cinerea, C. acutatum, P. cactorumandM. fragariae. Extracts had the highest antifungal effect onB. cinereatwo and five days after inoculation (p< 0.05). Bark extracts can reduce the sporulation ofB. cinerea, C. acutatumandP. cactorum.

scholarly journals Natural compounds: A sustainable alternative for controlling phytopathogens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Jiménez-Reyes ◽  
Héctor Carrasco ◽  
Andrés Olea ◽  
Evelyn Silva-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Active Compounds

Fungi are the primary infectious agents in plants causing significant economic losses in agroindustry. Traditionally, these pathogens have been treated with different synthetic fungicides such as hydroxianilides, anilinopyrimidines, and azoles, to name a few. However, the indiscriminate use of these chemicals has increased fungi resistance in plants. Natural products have been researched as a control, and an alternative to these synthetic fungicides since they are not harmful to health and contribute to the environment caring. This review describes plants extracts, essential oils, and active compounds or secondary metabolites as antifungal agents both, in vitro and in vivo. Active compounds have been recently described as the best candidates for the control of phytopathogenic fungi. When metabolized by plants, these compounds concentrations rely on the environmental conditions and pathogens incidence. However, one issue regarding the direct application of these preformed compounds in plants touch upon their low persistence in the environment, and their even lower bioavailability than synthetic fungicides. Hence the challenge is to develop useful formulations based on natural products to increase the compounds solubility facilitating thus their application in the field while maintaining their properties.

scholarly journals Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips typographus (L.) on Picea abies [(L.) H. Karst.] and Pinus sylvestris L. in north-eastern Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jankowiak ◽  
Jacek Hilszczański
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Ips Typographus ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
North Eastern

This study dealt with the species distribution and frequency of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the bark beetle Ips typographus on Norway spruce and Scots pine in north-eastern Poland. At all locations high spruce bark beetle damage has occurred in 2002-2003. Fungi were isolated from beetles and from brood systems of trees infested by the spruce bark beetle. The ophiostomatoid fungi were represented by 13 species. A similar spectrum of ophiostomatoid fungi as that recorded from <em>Picea abies</em> was associated with <em>I. typographus</em> on <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> trees. The most frequent ophiostomatoid species isolated from beetles, phloem and sapwood of Norway spruce were <em>O. bicolor</em> and <em>O. penicillatum</em>. The frequency of occurrence of ophiostomatoid fungi varied significantly among the examined locations. <em>O. bicolor</em> was the most frequently found species on Scots pine infested by <em>I. typographus</em>. The potential role of ophiostomatoid fungi in the epidemiology of <em>I. typographus</em> is discussed. Additionally, we also recorded how the ophiostomatoid fungi associated with spruce bark beetle could grow into phloem and sapwood of <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> trees.

scholarly journals Natural compounds: A sustainable alternative for controlling phytopathogens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Jiménez-Reyes ◽  
Héctor Carrasco ◽  
Andrés Olea ◽  
Evelyn Silva-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Active Compounds

Fungi are the primary infectious agents in plants causing significant economic losses in agroindustry. Traditionally, these pathogens have been treated with different synthetic fungicides such as hydroxianilides, anilinopyrimidines, and azoles, to name a few. However, the indiscriminate use of these chemicals has increased fungi resistance in plants. Natural products have been researched as a control, and an alternative to these synthetic fungicides since they are not harmful to health and contribute to the environment caring. This review describes plants extracts, essential oils, and active compounds or secondary metabolites as antifungal agents both, in vitro and in vivo. Active compounds have been recently described as the best candidates for the control of phytopathogenic fungi. When metabolized by plants, these compounds concentrations rely on the environmental conditions and pathogens incidence. However, one issue regarding the direct application of these preformed compounds in plants touch upon their low persistence in the environment, and their even lower bioavailability than synthetic fungicides. Hence the challenge is to develop useful formulations based on natural products to increase the compounds solubility facilitating thus their application in the field while maintaining their properties.

Effect of ethanol extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica L. on the growth of phytopathogenic fungi in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Sosina ◽  
◽  
D.O. Yukhimchuk ◽  
P.S. Dudik ◽  
A.A. Ermoluk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

The influence of ethanol extracts of Dracocephalum moldavica L. on the growth of phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum TCHA-4 and Helminthosporium sativum st. in vitro conditions was tested.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Drimane-Amide Derivatives from Sclareol

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaofeng Ma ◽  
Jili Feng ◽  
Dezhi Wang ◽  
Shu-Wei Chen ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Amide Derivatives

Aim and Objective: Plant diseases are caused by fungal pathogens lead to severe economic losses in many agriculture crops. And the increasing resistance of many fungi to commonly used antifungal agents necessitates the discovery and development of new fungicides. So this study was focused on synthesizing novel skeleton compounds to effectively control plant diseases. Materials and Methods: A series of drimane-amide derivatives were designed, synthesized by aminolysis reaction of amine with intermediate sclareolide which was prepared from sclareol. The structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS (ESI) spectroscopic data. Their in vitro antifungal activity were preliminarily evaluated by using the mycelium growth rate method against five phytopathogenic fungi: Botrytis cinerea, Glomerella cingulata, Alternaria alternate, Alternaria brassicae, and Fusarium graminearum. Results: 23 target compounds were successfully obtained in yields of 52-95%. Compounds A2 and A3 displayed favorable inhibitory potency against B. cinerea, G. cingulata and A. brassicae with IC50 values ranging from 3.18 to 10.48 µg/mL. These two compounds displayed higher fungicidal activity than sclareol against all the tested phytopathogenic fungi, and were more effective than the positive control thiabendazole against A. alternate and A. brassicae. The structure-activity relationship studies of compounds A1-10 indicated that both the position and type of substituent on the phenyl ring had significant effects on antifungal activity. Conclusion: The drimane-amide derivatives A2 and A3 were the most promising derivatives and should be selected as new templates for the potential antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Studies of Cantharellus cibarius - a mycorrhizal fungus of pine and spruce

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Pachlewski ◽  
Edmund Strzelczyk ◽  
Jadwiga Kermen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Selection Of

Pure cultures of <i>Cuntharellus cibarius</i> wcrc isolaled in two forms: <i>C. cibarius</i> hardwood form (isolate No. 5400) and <i>C. cibarius</i> coniferous form (isolate No.5410). Artificial mycorrhization of pine (<i>Pinus Sylvestris</i>) and spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) was applied in this work and wcre determinated mycorrhiza-forming properties in both isolates with differences in mycorrhiza-forming activity and in morphogenesis of ectomycorrhizas. The sporocarps of <i>C. cibarius</i> consistently contained bacteria probably belonging to the genus: <i>Pseudomonas</i>. It was possible to evaluate the culture conditions for associated bacteria using <i>in vitro</i> tests (effect of antibiotics, pH of the medium), as well as their neutral interactions with mycorrhizal fungi (<i>C.antharellus cibarius, Pisolithus tinctorius, Suillus bovinus</i> and <i>Mycelium radicis atrrovirens</i>). Results of the present work suggest that the selection of isolates of <i>C. cibarius< for artificial mycorrhization of seedlings of forest trees m nurseries could be very useful.

scholarly journals In vitro Antifungal Activity of Extracts of Moringa oleifera on Phytopathogenic Fungi Affecting Carica papaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1081-1085
Author(s):  
Margaret Oniha ◽  
Angela Eni ◽  
Olayemi Akinnola ◽  
Emmanuel Adedayo Omonigbehin ◽  
Eze Frank Ahuekwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Economic Losses

BACKGROUND: Plants remain the natural sources of efficacious phytonutrients with beneficial assets to mankind against microbial disorders. Diverse folklores have reported the roles of medicinal plants in the remedies of various disorders in man and animals. Metabolites and pesticides from the plant origin are considered better alternatives due to favorable environmental impact as compared to the synthetic counterparts. Significant economic losses and hindrance of global papaya production are due to fungal diseases. Phytochemicals have made medicinal plants become sources of environmentally friendly alternative antimicrobials. AIM: This study aimed at assessing the antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera against phytopathogenic fungi isolated from Carica papaya. METHODS: n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera leaves were evaluated for their antifungal properties. Agar well-diffusion method was implemented for in vitro screening, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the extract types against fungal species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, and Trichoderma. RESULTS: All the extracts evaluated inhibited fungal growth to some degree, with the aqueous extract exhibiting more inhibitory activities than the organic extracts. There was significant inhibition of fungal development by the tested plant extracts at different concentrations. MIC of the extracts was 15.625 mg/ml while the MFC values ranged between 15.625 and 31.25. In this work, the antifungal activity of M. oleifera was found to be equal or higher than commercially available fungicide, ketoconazole. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that foliole extracts of M. oleifera have potential for use as biofungicides for plant protection against fungal diseases.

scholarly journals Selected Properties of Cement Bound Spruce and Larch Bark Bio-Aggregates

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4438
Author(s):  
Johannes Urstöger ◽  
Marius Cătălin Barbu ◽  
Thomas Pacher ◽  
Alexander Petutschnigg ◽  
Johannes Jorda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Spruce Bark ◽  
Bonded Composite ◽  
Similar Range

The aim of this study is to investigate the suitability of spruce and larch bark for the production of cement-bonded composites. At the beginning of this research, the curing behaviour of the admixtures was quantified with temperature profiles when testing spruce, larch, pine and poplar bark, to determine the compatibility between the components of the bio-aggregates, to analyse the cement curing and to establish which bark species should be successfully included in cement bonded composites. Considering the results, it was observed that the average densities of 600–700 kg/m3 of bio-aggregates are 40–55% lower than that of established products on the market, although spruce and larch bark are in a similar range. The situation is different for the compressive strength, as larch bark showed up to 30% higher values than spruce bark. This study revealed also different hardening characteristics of the two cement types used as binders for spruce and larch bark. The results of this study demonstrated that tree bark of Picea abies and Larix decidua Mill. can be successfully utilized for the production of a cement-bonded composite material.

Anti-amnesic activity screening of the seed ethanol extracts of Turkish Paeonia taxa by in vitro methods

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sevim ◽  
FS Senol ◽  
I Orhan ◽  
B Şener ◽  
E Kaya
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
Ethanol Extracts
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