scholarly journals The Northern Way: Graves and Funerary Practices in Corded Ware Finland

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Ahola ◽  
Volker Heyd
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Central European ◽  
Ground Stone ◽  
Burial Customs ◽  
Special Challenge ◽  
Local Hunter ◽  
Defined Culture

AbstractThe Corded Ware complex represents an archaeologically defined culture whose people inhabited large areas of Europe during the third millennium BC. Although Corded Ware graves are known also from Finnish territory – the northernmost area of Corded Ware expansion – these graves represent a special challenge and methodological problem for archaeological research. This is because unburnt bone material is generally not preserved in the acidic soils of Finland, and Finnish Corded Ware complex graves have typically been recognized mainly due to the occurrence of a Corded Ware assemblage (i. e. complete pottery vessels, adzes and ground-stone axes). Furthermore, since most Finnish Corded Ware grave discoveries have been made during the early and mid-20th century, they generally lack good-quality archaeological documentation. Despite these challenges, new insights into Finnish Corded Ware burials can be gained by thoroughly investigating the region’s burial customs and material culture as an entity and comparing them to the Corded Ware complex of the eastern Baltic region and beyond. Finnish Corded Ware graves not only follow the standard material culture and burial customs of the Central European Corded Ware complex but show additional evidence of wooden chambers and laid-out furs, and they may have occasionally even possessed small mounds. However, even though the material culture of the Finnish graves follows traditions present in the central European Corded Ware complex, the grave custom is far from uniform. Hence, Finnish Corded Ware graves represent a melting pot of ideas, ideologies and connections, likely reflecting differing origins of relocating people. Aside from being influenced by the Corded Ware populations of nearby regions, a close link to contemporary local hunter-gatherers seems to have been present, too.

Judy Jaffe-Schagen, Having and Belonging: Homes and Museums in Israel. New York: Berghahn Books, 2016. x + 221 pp.

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Ethiopian Jews ◽  
State Of Israel

This chapter reviews the book Having and Belonging: Homes and Museums in Israel (2016), by Judy Jaffe-Schagen. In Having and Belonging, Jaffe-Schagen explores the connection between identity, material culture, and location. Focusing on eight cases involving Chabad, religious Zionists, Moroccan Jews, Iraqi Jews, Ethiopian Jews, Russian Jews, Christian Arabs, and Muslim Arabs, the book shows how various minority groups in Israel are represented through objects and material culture in homes and museums. According to Jaffe-Schagen, in the politicized cultural landscape of borderless Israel, location not only affects the interplay between objects and people but can also provide important insights about citizenship. Her main argument is that the nation-state of Israel is not a multicultural society because it has failed to serve as a cultural “melting pot” for the various immigration groups.

First wolves in Luxembourg since 1893, originating from the Alpine and Central European populations

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Schley ◽  
Marianne Jacobs ◽  
Sebastian Collet ◽  
Alexander Kristiansen ◽  
Jan Herr
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hard Evidence

Abstract Considering the spread of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) in Europe over the past 30 years, Luxembourg took some measures to prepare for the return of this apex predator, including the establishment of a management plan that notably addresses the issue of wolf depredation on livestock. Here we present the results of genetic analyses of putative wolf saliva, hair and scat samples collected from or near prey carcasses between 2015 and 2020. In two cases, the wolf was confirmed via DNA analysis: in July 2017 near Garnich and in April 2020 near Niederanven, both assigned to category C1 (hard evidence). A third case was classified as C2 (confirmed observation) based on prey carcass characteristics, while genetic analysis yielded no result. These are the first confirmed records of wolves in Luxemburg since 1893. Moreover, the two C1-cases originated from the Alpine (Garnich) and Central European (Niederanven) populations. Given similar developments in the neighboring countries and regions, we conclude that the area including the Benelux countries as well as Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland and Northern France may well become a melting pot for wolves of the two aforementioned populations in the coming years and decades.

A review of the relationship between Pyeonggeo-dong site and Sinigai culture of Maritime Province

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-85
Author(s):  
Jae Youn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
The West ◽  
Chipped Stone ◽  
Chronological Change ◽  
Ground Stone ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maritime Province ◽  
Regional Boundary

It has been discussed that Pyeonggeo-dong site has the Northeastern factor but the characteristics of potteries are closed to the c factor, and the native ‘Pyeonggeodong double-rimmed pottery’ were dominated. However, some potteries of BAL styled pottery as well as pot styled pottery that were characterized by its rim of pottery, made of the same techniques, were found. There are BAL styled pottery and pot styled potteries that were not made with folded rim of pottery and attached clay ribbon. In addition to these potteries, not- doble rimmed pot typed pottery, little pottery, beak styled stoneware, chipped stone hole, polished stone knife, oval pestle, disk styled stoneware, etc. are the main factors found in Sinigai culture of Maritime Province. I believe that the reason why Pyeonggeo-dong is considered as the filiation of the Sinigai culture of Maritime Province is because that Sinigai culture has been not well known. Therefore, I want to review that culture in this paper. Sinigai culture has been studied only for its regional boundary and characteristics. However, it is needed to review the chronological change of the potteries and start period of the culture and then compare to Pyeonggeo-dong site. Sinigai culture can be divided in to two types in each region, the West and East, based on chronological order and artifacts. The West 1 type had lasted from 3,400 to 3,200 years ago when people still used Neolithic potteries and started to make MOOMOON pottery. DOLDAEMOON pottery with pattern neolithic, one handle pottery, big pottery, polished stone dagger, polished stone ax, stoneware shaped star, disk styled stoneware, chipped stone hole, etc. were used at the same timew. The West 2 type lasted from 3,200 to 2,500 years ago. This is dwelling pit of square-shaped fire pot with stone and foundation in HARIN site. DOLDAEMOON pottery with pattern neolithic, pot withwith pattern neolithic on the surface, one handle pottery, BAL styled pottery, pot styled pottery, bottle styled pottery etc. are MOOMOON pottery. There are difference in their types based on the length of rim and neck in pot styled pottery and bottle styled pottery. In terms of the stone tools, there are oval pestle, stoneware shaped arrow, polished stone spear, polished stone knife, disk styled stoneware, chipped stone hole, etc. The East 1 type had lasted from 3,300 to 3,000 years ago. The symbolic potteries of this type are pot styled pottery with folded rim of pottery, BAL styled pottery with attached clay ribbon Knapped stone tools had been continuously used while the ground axe were appeared. The East 2 type lasted from 3,000 to 2,500 years ago. When it comes to dwelling pits, there are 3 rectangular fire pit, with foundation, and 4 lined pillar holes on the ground. notdoble rimmed pot styled pottery and bottle styled pottery are also found. People used various ground stone tools including stone axe, stoneware shaped arrow, stone arrow, polished stone spear, polished stone knife and etc. in addition to the knapped tools. BAL and pot styled pottery of doble rimm wth clay ribon, pot typed pottery with folded rim, and smaller potteries are related to the East 1 type of Sinigai culture. not-doble rimmed pot styled pottery rectangular mano, polished stone knife, chipped stone hole, etc are the factor of the West 2 type of Sinigai culture. Therefore, is can be considered that the material culture of Pyeongggeo-dong is combined with the East 1 type and the West 2 type of Sinigai culture. It is assumed that the Sinigai culture came to the west Gyeongnam Provinec continuouly from about 3,300 years ago until the second type that includes bronze artifacts. On the other hand, Daepyeong site located alongside of the Nam river has Gokok bronze which can be the earlier than Korea Liaoning bronze dagger. It is possible that the Gokok bronze was also a remain of Sinigai culture.

scholarly journals The population genomics of archaeological transition in west Iberia: Investigation of ancient substructure using imputation and haplotype-based methods

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Martiniano ◽  
Lara M Cassidy ◽  
Ros Ó’Maoldúin ◽  
Russell McLaughlin ◽  
Nuno M Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Genetic Impact ◽  
Transition To Agriculture ◽  
Local Hunter ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractWe analyse new genomic data (0.05-2.95x) from 14 ancient individuals from Portugal distributed from the Middle Neolithic (4200-3500 BC) to the Middle Bronze Age (1740-1430 BC) and impute genomewide diploid genotypes in these together with published ancient Eurasians. While discontinuity is evident in the transition to agriculture across the region, sensitive haplotype-based analyses suggest a significant degree of local hunter-gatherer contribution to later Iberian Neolithic populations. A more subtle genetic influx is also apparent in the Bronze Age, detectable from analyses including haplotype sharing with both ancient and modern genomes, D-statistics and Y-chromosome lineages. However, the limited nature of this introgression contrasts with the major Steppe migration turnovers within third Millennium northern Europe and echoes the survival of non-Indo-European language in Iberia. Changes in genomic estimates of individual height across Europe are also associated with these major cultural transitions, and ancestral components continue to correlate with modern differences in stature.Author SummaryRecent ancient DNA work has demonstrated the significant genetic impact of mass migrations from the Steppe into Central and Northern Europe during the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. In Iberia, archaeological change at the level of material culture and funerary rituals has been reported during this period, however, the genetic impact associated with this cultural transformation has not yet been estimated. In order to investigate this, we sequence Neolithic and Bronze Age samples from Portugal, which we compare to other ancient and present-day individuals. Genome-wide imputation of a large dataset of ancient samples enabled sensitive methods for detecting population structure and selection in ancient samples. We revealed subtle genetic differentiation between the Portuguese Neolithic and Bronze Age samples suggesting a markedly reduced influx in Iberia compared to other European regions. Furthermore, we predict individual height in ancients, suggesting that stature was reduced in the Neolithic and affected by subsequent admixtures. Lastly, we examine signatures of strong selection in important traits and the timing of their origins.

A Revision of Corded Ware Settlement Pattern –New Results from the Central European Low Mountain Range

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Müller ◽  
Timo Seregély ◽  
Cornelia Becker ◽  
Anne-Mette Christensen ◽  
Markus Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Central European ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Mountain Range

The excavation of the Wattendorf-Motzenstein Corded Ware settlement in Franconia (Germany) has yielded new information with regard to the architecture, economy, and ritual activities, as well as the social organisation of Final Neolithic groups in Central Europe. The settlement is dated to 2660–2470 cal BC and was an agrarian community. Detailed analyses of the material culture combined with biological and pedological parameters allowed new interpretations regarding Corded Ware economies as well as domestic and ritual spheres. The settlement contained about 35 individuals at most, who were organised in fewer than eight households. The exceptional results obtained call for further research strategies to be developed.

scholarly journals The Prairie Caddo Model and the J.B. White Site

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross C. Fields
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
The People ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Blackland Prairie ◽  
Local Hunter

This article summarizes an hypothesis—called the Prairie Caddo model—presented in a research module published in 2006 to help explain some obvious connections in material culture between Caddo sites in east Texas and sites in central Texas. Harry J. Shafer prepared this module, entitled People of the Prairie: A Possible Connection to the Davis Site Caddo, as an outgrowth in part of excavations that Prewitt and Associates, Inc., performed at the J. B. White site in 2002 for the Texas Department of Transportation. Following the summary of the hypothesis is a synopsis of the results of the excavations at J. B. White and an assessment of the utility of that model for interpreting those results. The excavation data are not consistent with the idea that the people who lived on the Blackland Prairie at the east edge of central Texas between A.D. 1000 and 1300 were Caddo groups who served as a supporting population for the ceremonial center at the George C. Davis site, as the Prairie Caddo model would suggest. Rather, they appear to have been local hunter-gatherers who interacted regularly with the east Texas Caddo. This interaction included providing the Caddo with arrow points and knives, which apparently were highly prized by elites who lived, died, and were buried at the Davis site.

What is “Folk” about Synagogue Art?

Images ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilia Rodov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Folk Narrative ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Folk Narratives ◽  
Visual Domain ◽  
Scholarly Discourse

This publication is a tribute to the memory of the outstanding folklorist and ethnographer Dov Noy, who passed away in 2013. In the scholarly discourse that classifies folklore by modes and media of transmission, synagogue art—as distinct from folk narrative and behavioral lore—is commonly categorized as “visual folklore.” This paper examines the approach of classifying murals and sculptural decoration in east and central European synagogues from the late seventeenth century until the Holocaust as “folk creations.” It suggests a revision of pre-established definitions in the field, in general, and in the analysis of representative folk narratives relating to synagogues, in particular. The position of academic research into traditional Jewish visual culture, at the seam of art history and folkloristics, challenges predefined divisions of this integral cultural phenomenon into the conventional categories of separate disciplines. In the discourse classifying folklore according to the ways and media of its transmission, synagogue art—in distinction to folk narratives and behavioral lore—commonly falls into the category of “visual folklore,” defined as the visual domain of folk art and material culture. Jewish “folk art” is often attributed generally to “folk artists” and “craftsmen,” without a clear distinction between the two groups. This paper holistically examines the approaches to the murals and sculptural decoration in east and central European synagogues from the late seventeenth century until the Holocaust as visual folklore, craftsmanship, and artistic work, and outlines the part of oral lore in the programming and interpretation of synagogue art. Finally, it proposes to re-approach folk synagogue art as a medium that creates a visual environment for liturgical activity and predicates its viewers’ responses to the challenges, trials, and tribulations of daily life.

scholarly journals Woodland Period Archaeology as seen from the Attoyac Bayou Basin in East Texas

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Woodland Period ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Ground Stone ◽  
Ceramic Vessels

The character of the archaeological record of the Woodland period (ca. 550 B.C.-A.D. 800) in East Texas is discussed in the context of the findings from excavations at four Mossy Grove Culture Woodland period sites at Lake Naconiche in the Attoyac Bayou basin. Of particular concern is information obtained from these sites on local Woodland period settlement patterns and features, and hints of a developing sedentism in the latter part of the period (after ca. A.D. 500/600), subsistence strategies and the use of cultivated plants, their material culture (chipped and ground stone tools and the manufacture and use of ceramic vessels), and evidence in the archaeological record for exchange and interaction between neighboring Woodland groups. The Mossy Grove Culture Woodland period groups that lived at the Lake Naconiche sites were relatively parochial huntinggathering foragers with a mobile settlement system characterized by intermittently occupied camps, and a material culture dominated by plain sandy paste pottery, dart points and bifaces, and expedient tools.

Tombs, the New Testament, and the Archaeology of Religion

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-419
Author(s):  
James F. Strange
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Burial Customs ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Dead

This article looks at tombs as indicators of certain aspects of religion, specifically death, burial and the afterlife. The first part of the article is a theoretical discussion concerning culture and material remains. The conclusion of the author is that artifactual evidence, material culture, embodies the culture. The author then revisits two Herodian tombs on French Hill in Jerusalem he excavated in 1970–71 and published in 1975. On the basis of his theoretical discussion, he discusses the architecture of the tombs, and the artifactual evidence uncovered in the excavation. He compares the evidence with New Testament descriptions of tombs and burials. He concludes that the tombs do provide a visual and material model for Jewish views of the dead, burial, and burial customs, but not a full-blown theology of death, burial, and the afterlife. The burial evidence from the French Hill tombs also dovetail nicely with reports about tombs and burials from the New Testament.

scholarly journals Walters Farm, Smith County, Texas

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Walters
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Ground Stone ◽  
Opening Line ◽  
Out Of Africa ◽  
Major Occupation ◽  
Smith County

"I had a farm in Africa," the opening line of the movie Out of Africa, always reminds me of my little farm in East Texas and what it has meant to me during the 25 years we have been associated. Owning land, particularly when you are relying on it to provide your livelihood, can be a very gratifying (and humbling) experience. Since the land and I are now enjoying a well-deserved rest, I have had time to reflect on our relationship and to wonder how people before me related to the land, especially on these upland settings. Why people choose to settle on any given landscape can be the result of a multitude of factors, environmental as well as social, political, or ideological. I know from scattered remains of tenant houses that my farm was cultivated before me at least back to the mid -19th century. While I have not conducted any formal archaeological survey of my 300 acres in Smith County, I have been observant as I have wandered around on my place. From time to time, as the surface has been exposed from farming or timber operations, I have noted artifacts indicating the presence of past occupations. I am sure as time goes on I will find other sites on my farm. As far as the archaeology on the Walters Farm, I would like to draw attention to what I believe was a substantial prehistoric occupation by peoples with a distinctive culture with a preference for upland settings on the landscape as well as a material culture represented by Williams, Palmillas, and Rice Lobed-like points, made from exotic cherts, and ground stone tools. To distinguish this unique archaeological assemblage I am calling this prehistoric occupation at sites the Browning phase. Browning phase sites are Archaic sites that occur on upland settings usually long distances from water and have a tool kit of large well-made square, expanding, and incurving (or bifurcated) base dart points including numerous examples of Williams, Palmillas, and Rice Lobed-like points. They are made predominately of exotic chert materials. Ground stone tools are found on Browning phase sites. The number of points at some of these locations certainly indicate a major occupation or a series of seasonal occupations.

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