scholarly journals Possibilities of Spatial Data to Determine the Extent of the Occupancy of the Right-of-Way by Large-Format Advertisements

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bieda ◽  
Anita Kwartnik-Pruc ◽  
Edyta Puniach
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Large Format ◽  
The Road ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
The Right ◽  
Real Estate Management

Abstract Large-format advertisements are becoming a more and more common element of building facades, especially in city centers. Placing an object of this type is not without significance to the real property management. A large-format advertising billboard on the facade, on the one hand, is associated with the possibility of renting advertising space, on the other - it can lead to the occupancy of a right-of-way, which results in a necessity to pay appropriate fees, in the amount regulated by the Act on Public Roads. Placing an object such as a large-format advertising billboard in a right-of-way requires a permit of the manager of this road. However, if a billboard is located on the facade of a building, occupancy of the right-of-way is not always the case. If the boundary of the road parcel runs along the contour of the building, a billboard placed on the elevation will always occupy the right-of-way. However, property boundaries often run at a distance from the building. Such situations - desired by managers - result in a noticeable increase in demand for surveying opinions to determine what part of the right-of-way is occupied by a large-format advertisement. This article analyzes the cases of the right-of-way being occupied by large-format advertising placed on the facades of buildings in the city center. For selected objects, information was obtained from public records, National Cartographic Documentation Center database, and direct surveying was performed with various techniques. This allowed for an objective assessment of the possible use of available surveying methods and the acquired spatial data to determine the right-of-way occupied by large-format advertisements for purposes of real estate management.

Right-of-way for Transmission Facilities as Regulation of Legal Relationships Regarding Real Estate between the Real Estate Owner and the Transmission Entity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Przewiezlikowska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Real Property ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Estate Owner ◽  
Construction Permit ◽  
The Right

In Poland, after World War II, most of the technical infrastructure was built based on a construction permit, and without a legal title to a given real property. Therefore, a necessity arose for the regulation of property rights where technical infrastructure was built. For the establishment of the right-of-way for transmission facilities it is essential to regulate the legal relationships between the owner of the real estate and the transmission entity and their entry into the land and mortgage register. The extent of the granted right-of-way determines the value of consideration for the owner of the encumbered property. This study analyzes the rules for the determination, establishment and surveying preparation of the right-of-way for various types of transmission facilities. First a thorough examination of the legal status of the real property was required and then the extent of the necessary right-of-way to be established for the given facilities was analyzed. The next stage of the study involved determining the extent of the rights-of-way and appropriate protective zones for the networks pursuant to the relevant technical guidelines. The analysis revealed significant diversity of legal regulations on the establishment of the right-of-way for the specific types of public utilities.

Caste as Performance: Ayyankali and the Caste Scripts of Colonial Kerala

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Vivek V. Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Road ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Busy Street ◽  
The Right ◽  
Exclusive Right

The crowded marketplace in Thiruvananthapuram (aka Trivandrum) thronged with people in the late nineteenth century. Men and women clad in white mundu teemed about the busy street buying oil and salt, horseshoes and iron farm implements, coarse cloth, coir rope, jaggery, and palm toddy. The men were mostly bare-chested, though some, unmindful of the sweltering heat, wore white long shirts or an upper-body cloth. While a few young women wore printed blouses, many, particularly the older women, wore no upper-body clothes except for large, beaded necklaces made of red-colored stones. Most people, with the exception of the men who clothed their upper body, walked along the sides of the road, leaving the path clear for the occasional bullock cart. These bullock carts, also known as villuvandi, carried young men-about-town, almost exclusively landowning, upper-caste Nairs. Dressed in a spotless white shirt, white mundu, and matching white turban, the Nair riding his villuvandi assumed the haughty air of a master surveying his subjects; out to observe his inferiors as much as be seen as a superior. These Nairs, and other upper-caste men and women, had the exclusive right of way, on bullock cart or on foot, the right to wear clean white clothes, and, of course, the right to ride a villuvandi. These rights were codified through caste-based rules or norms known as jati maryada, which governed all aspects of social behavior.

scholarly journals Natural assets in the right-of-way of A-4 Motorway in the Góra Świętej Anny Landscape Park, Opole Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Spałek ◽  
Maria Mleczko-Król
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Ecological Monitoring ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
The Road ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Wide Circle ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interesting Species

Construction of the A-4 Motorway section in the Opole Region begun in Summer 1997. Very soon vigorous resistance of ecological NGOs was encountered. The bone of contention was the section of motorway that passes through the Góra Świętej Anny Landscape Park and verges the natural reserve of strict protection Ligota Dolna where rare species of thermophilic plants are sheltered. Between 2011 and 2013 a detailed mycological, geobotanical, floristic and fauna research took place within the right-of-way of the A-4 Motorway section crossing the Góra Świętej Anny Landscape Park in the Opole Region. The survey revealed several rare and protected species of fungi, plants and animals along the road, including the greatest in Poland population of Austrian flax Linum austriacum. The area also harbors the only site of xerothermic grass of Festuco-Brometea class with so many rare and putrefying plant species inside a motorway’s right-of-way in Poland. Given the occurrence of many interesting species of plants and animals in the motorway surrounding it seems justified to establish a system of ecological monitoring, which could provide a range of valuable findings regarding the impact of motorway traffic on surrounding flora and fauna. This knowledge would be very useful for all those involved in construction of next motorways in Poland as well as for a wide circle of interested researchers.

scholarly journals Problems of legal regulation of the advertising billboards installation on the road easement areas

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
V. V. Vladimirov ◽  
D. V. Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Road ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
State Regulator ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Right

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the legal problems of placing advertising structures in the right of way from the point of view of the state regulator. The conclusion is substantiated that the order of the Federal Road Agency dated October 24, 2016 No. 2192-r regarding the requirement to conclude an easement agreement for the installation of an advertising structure violates the current legislation of Russia on advertising. The position of the antimonopoly authorities on the issues of monitoring compliance with the legislation regarding the placement of advertising structures in the right of way of the road is formulated.

XXIV.—On Old Red Sandstone Plants showing Structure, from the Rhynie Chert Bed, Aberdeenshire. Part I. Rhynia Gwynne-Vaughani, Kidston and Lang

1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kidston ◽  
W. H. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Rhynie Chert ◽  
The Right

The chert of the Muir of Rhynie, containing plant-remains, was discovered by Dr W. MACKIE of Elgin while investigating the sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Craigbeg and Ord Hill which occur in that area. The original discovery was made on loose specimens, built into the dykes or scattered over the fields, especially those lying to the north of the road which runs from Rhynie to Cabrach, and east and west of the right-of-way that here connects Windyfield Farm with the public road.

Interferences by Third Parties: The Challenge of the Construction of Highways on the Right of Way of Oil Pipelines — Case of Autopistas Del Nordeste-Ocensa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Javier Corrales Cobos
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hydrocarbon Transport

Abstract The development of third world countries is surrounded by a thousand challenges, one of them is to increase and modernize the transport infrastructure to improve competitiveness in an increasingly interconnected world. Colombia in recent years has undertaken a titanic task of construction of highways to meet this purpose, have hired more than 8170 km of roads, however, this task generates a major challenge for the oil industry since the construction of these roads generates an unplanned interference with the hydrocarbon transport infrastructure that, if not handled correctly, can cause ruptures or damage in the pipelines and the consequent economic and environmental losses. In 2015 the design of the highway that interconnects the municipalities of Remedios and Caucasia in the department of Antioquia began. This project was called Autopistas del Nordeste. The road was designed to pass through the Pocune river valley, however, the environmental licensing of this type of project requires the revision of the interference with other networks. It was found that the new road crossed the Ocensa pipeline at 26 points. The geographical conditions require the use of this small corridor by many lines, 2 pipelines (Ocensa and ODC), a 500 KV power line and, of course, the current tertiary route and the projected highway that connects these municipalities. The challenge is huge, in this article the project is described, the negotiation stages that have been necessary to carry out with the way to make compatible the projects and the threats that have been overcome in the constructive stage.

scholarly journals Land Use versus Land Cover: Geo-Analysis of National Roads and Synchronisation Algorithms

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 3053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera ◽  
Agnieszka Dawidowicz
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
The Road ◽  
Web Map ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Right ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
Map Service

Technological progress in Earth surface observation provides a vast range of information on the land and methods of its use. This enables property owners, users and administrators to monitor the state of the boundaries of the land they own/administer. The land cover, monitored directly on the ground, is not always consistent with the land use entered in the Land and Property Registry (LPR). Discrepancies between these data are often found in former communist countries. One of the reasons for this was the rapid process of land privatisation, which took place in Poland, without updating information on the plot geodetic boundaries. The study examined and compared the land use (entered in the LPR) with the land cover (on the ground) for national roads (acr. LU-LC). The most frequent discrepancies were selected, using CLC2018, digital orthophotomaps (using the Web Map Service (WMS) browsing service compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards), cadastral data, statistical modelling and an updated survey of the right-of-way. Subsequently, six algorithms were proposed to synchronise the land use and land cover when the right-of-way was used by unauthorised persons, and two algorithms for cases of unauthorised use of land by the road administrator. Currently, it is difficult to synchronise the land cover with the land use from the administrative, legal and social points of view. The results of analyses show that full synchronisation of land use and land cover is complicated and time-consuming, although desired.

scholarly journals Multi-Vehicle Simulation in Urban Automated Driving: Technical Implementation and Added Benefit

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Feierle ◽  
Michael Rettenmaier ◽  
Florian Zeitlmeir ◽  
Klaus Bengler
Keyword(s):  
Automated Driving ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Human Driver ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
The Right

This article investigates the simultaneous interaction between an automated vehicle (AV) and its passenger, and between the same AV and a human driver of another vehicle. For this purpose, we have implemented a multi-vehicle simulation consisting of two driving simulators, one for the AV and one for the manual vehicle. The considered scenario is a road bottleneck with a double-parked vehicle either on one side of the road or on both sides of the road where an AV and a simultaneously oncoming human driver negotiate the right of way. The AV communicates to its passenger via the internal automation human–machine interface (HMI) and it concurrently displays the right of way to the human driver via an external HMI. In addition to the regular encounters, this paper analyzes the effect of an automation failure, where the AV first communicates to yield the right of way and then changes its strategy and passes through the bottleneck first despite oncoming traffic. The research questions the study aims to answer are what methods should be used for the implementation of multi-vehicle simulations with one AV, and if there is an added benefit of this multi-vehicle simulation compared to single-driver simulator studies. The results show an acceptable synchronicity for using traffic lights as basic synchronization and a distance control as the detail synchronization method. The participants had similar passing times in the multi-vehicle simulation compared to a previously conducted single-driver simulation. Moreover, there was a lower crash rate in the multi-vehicle simulation during the automation failure. Concluding the results, the proposed method seems to be an appropriate solution to implement multi-vehicle simulation with one AV. Additionally, multi-vehicle simulation offers a benefit if more than one human affects the interaction within a scenario.

scholarly journals Analysis of surveying and legal problems in granting right-of-way and expropriation for the purpose of locating technical infrastructure

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Trembecka
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Transmission Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Abstract A condition which determines the location of technical infrastructure is an entrepreneur holding the right to use the property for construction purposes. Currently, there are parallel separate legal forms allowing the use of a real property for the purpose of locating transmission lines, i.e. transmission easement (right-of-way) established under the civil law and expropriation by limiting the rights to a property under the administrative law. The aim of the study is to compare these forms conferring the right to use real properties and to analyze the related surveying and legal problems occurring in practice. The research thesis of the article is ascertainment that the current legal provisions for establishing legal titles to a property in order to locate transmission lines need to be amended. The conducted study regarded legal conditions, extent of expropriation and granting right-of-way in the city of Krakow, as well as the problems associated with the ambiguous wording of the legal regulations. Part of the research was devoted to the form of rights to land in order to carry out similar projects in some European countries (France, Czech Republic, Germany, Sweden). The justification for the analysis of these issues is dictated by the scale of practical use of the aforementioned forms of rights to land in order to locate technical infrastructure. Over the period of 2011-2014, 651 agreements were concluded on granting transmission right-of-way for 967 cadastral parcels owned by the city of Krakow, and 105 expropriation decisions were issued, limiting the use of real properties in Krakow.

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