scholarly journals A critical review on the effects of antibiotics on anammox process in wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Jafari Ozumchelouei ◽  
Amir Hossein Hamidian ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Nitrogen Elimination ◽  
Anammox Process

AbstractAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has recently become of significant interest due to its capability for cost-effective nitrogen elimination from wastewater. However, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) are sensitive to environmental changes and toxic substances. In particular, the presence of antibiotics in wastewater, which is considered unfavorable to the anammox process, has become a growing concern. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of these inhibitors to acquire information on the applicability of the anammox process. Hence, this review summarizes our knowledge of the effects of commonly detected antibiotics in water matrices, including fluoroquinolone, macrolide, β-lactam, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulfonamide, glycopeptide, and aminoglycoside, on the anammox process. According to the literature, the presence of antibiotics in wastewater could partially or completely inhibit anammox reactions, in which antibiotics targeting protein synthesis or DNA replication (excluding aminoglycoside) were the most effective against the AnAOB strains.

scholarly journals Propionate Oxidation by and Methanol Inhibition of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 1066-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Güven ◽  
Ana Dapena ◽  
Boran Kartal ◽  
Markus C. Schmid ◽  
Bart Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Methanol Inhibition ◽  
Propionate Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Process

ABSTRACT Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a recently discovered microbial pathway and a cost-effective way to remove ammonium from wastewater. Anammox bacteria have been described as obligate chemolithoautotrophs. However, many chemolithoautotrophs (i.e., nitrifiers) can use organic compounds as a supplementary carbon source. In this study, the effect of organic compounds on anammox bacteria was investigated. It was shown that alcohols inhibited anammox bacteria, while organic acids were converted by them. Methanol was the most potent inhibitor, leading to complete and irreversible loss of activity at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. Of the organic acids acetate and propionate, propionate was consumed at a higher rate (0.8 nmol min−1 mg of protein−1) by Percoll-purified anammox cells. Glucose, formate, and alanine had no effect on the anammox process. It was shown that propionate was oxidized mainly to CO2, with nitrate and/or nitrite as the electron acceptor. The anammox bacteria carried out propionate oxidation simultaneously with anaerobic ammonium oxidation. In an anammox enrichment culture fed with propionate for 150 days, the relative amounts of anammox cells and denitrifiers did not change significantly over time, indicating that anammox bacteria could compete successfully with heterotrophic denitrifiers for propionate. In conclusion, this study shows that anammox bacteria have a more versatile metabolism than previously assumed.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sulfate on Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation in a Sequencing Batch Reactor

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3004
Author(s):  
Dominika Grubba ◽  
Joanna Majtacz
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Anammox Process

Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria have a more comprehensive metabolism than expected - there may be other electron acceptors that oxidize ammonium nitrogen under anaerobic conditions, in addition to the well-known nitrite nitrogen, one of which is sulfate in the sulfammox process. Sulfate-containing compounds are part of the medium for the anammox process, but their concentrations are not particularly high (0.2 g MgSO4 ∙ 7H2O/dm3 and 0.00625 g FeSO4/dm3). They can react to some extent with influent ammonium nitrogen. In this work, tests were carried out in two sequencing batch reactors with granular sludge. The first reactor (R1) operated in a 6 h cycle, and the concentration of the inflowing sulfate was kept at 44 mg/dm3∙d. The second reactor (R2) was operated until the 36th day in a 6 h cycle; the influencing concentration was 180 mg SO42−/dm3∙d from the 37th to 64th day in a 3 h cycle, with an influencing concentration of 360 mg SO42−/dm3∙d; and from the 65th to 90th day, the reactor was operated again in a 6 h cycle with an influencing concentration of 180 mg SO42−/dm3∙d. Along with the increased share of sulfate, both the ammonium utilization rate and specific anammox activity showed an increasing trend. As soon as the sulfate dosage was reduced, the ammonium utilization rate and specific anammox activity values dropped. Therefore, it can be concluded that sulfate-containing compounds contribute to the efficiency and rate of the anammox process.

scholarly journals Optimization and Modelling of Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal by ANAMMOX Process Using Response Surface Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Jalilzadeh ◽  
Ramin Nabizadeh ◽  
Alireza Mesdaghinia ◽  
Aliakbar Azimi ◽  
Simin Nasseri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Anammox Process ◽  
Modelling And Optimization

A systematic model for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal using the ANAMMOX (Anaerobic AMMonium OXidation) process was provided based on an experimental design. At first, the experimental data was collected from a combined biological aerobic/anaerobic reactor. For modelling and optimization of COD removal, the main parameters were considered, such as COD loading, ammonium, pH, and temperature. From the models, the optimum conditions were determined as COD 97.5 mg/L, ammonium concentration equal to 28.75 mg-N/L, pH 7.72, and temperature 31.3°C. Finally, the analysis of the optimum conditions, performed by the response surface method, predicted COD removal efficiency of 81.07% at the optimum condition.

Nitrogen loss in a nitrifying biofilm system

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Helmer ◽  
S. Kunst ◽  
S. Juretschko ◽  
M.C. Schmid ◽  
K.-H. Schleifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Comparative Sequence Analysis ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Elimination

In a biological contactor that is part of the biological pretreatment of landfill leachate in Mechernich (Germany) nitrogen elimination of 60% or more was observed under low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. Ammonia was converted without accumulation of nitrite and with only little nitrate production. Interestingly, due to limited supply with organic substrate in the system, this observation cannot simply be explained by a combination of conventional autotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic denitrification. In situ hybridization with 16S rRNA-targeted probes revealed the presence of large microcolonies of at least three different types of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in those biofilm regions where extremely high nitrogen losses occurred. These results were confirmed by comparative sequence analysis of biofilm-derived amoA (encoding the active-site polypeptide of ammonia-monooxygenase) clones for molecular fine-scale analysis of the ammonia-oxidizing population. In batch tests inoculated with biofilm material nitrogen loss occurred without dosage of organic substrate at a DO concentration of 1 mg/l. The simultaneous presence of ammonia and nitrite in the reactor induced the process of complete nitrogen elimination. N2 was identified to be the gaseous end product of the reaction. These results indicate that under low DO concentrations autotrophic ammonia-oxidizers might be the causative agents of the observed nitrogen loss by performing aerobic/anoxic denitrification with nitrite as electron acceptor and ammonia (or perhaps hydroxylamin) as electron donor.

scholarly journals Adaptive sensing scheme using naive Bayes classification for environment monitoring with drone

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 155014771875603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Hua Ho ◽  
Yu-Te Huang ◽  
Hao-Hua Chu ◽  
Ling-Jyh Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Parameter Tuning ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
Adaptive Sensing ◽  
Naive Bayes Classification ◽  
Naïve Bayes Classification

Environmental sensors are important for collecting data to understand environmental changes and analyze environmental issues. In order to effectively monitor environmental changes, high-density sensor deployment and evenly distributed spatial distance between sensors become the requirements and desired properties for such applications. In many applications, sensors are deployed in locations that are difficult and dangerous to reach (e.g. mountaintop or skyscraper roof). To collect data from those sensors, unmanned aerial vehicles are used to act as data mules to overcome the problem of collecting data in challenging environments. In this article, we extend the adaptive return-to-home sensing algorithm with a parameter-tuning algorithm that combines naive Bayes classification and binary search to adapt adaptive return-to-home sensing parameters effectively on the fly. The proposed approach is able to (1) optimize number of sensing attempts, (2) reduce oscillation of the distance for consecutive attempts, and (3) reserve enough power for drone to return-to-home. Our results show that the naive Bayes classification–enhanced adaptive return-to-home sensing scheme is able to avoid oscillation in sensing and guarantees return-to-home feature while behaving more cost-effective in parameter tuning than the other machine learning–based approaches.

scholarly journals Anammox biofilm process using sugarcane bagasse as an organic carrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽  
Puti Sri Komala ◽  
Arief Almi
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anammox Process

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) biofilm process commonly uses various inorganic carriers to enhance nitrogen removal under anaerobic conditions. This study aims to analyze the performance of nitrogen removal in anammox process using sugarcane bagasse as an organic carrier. The experiment was carried out by using an up‐flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for treating artificial wastewater at room temperature. The reactor was fed with ammonium and nitrite with the concentrations of 70‐150 mg–N/L and variations in the hydraulic retention time of 24 and 12 h. The granular anammox belongs to the genus Candidatus Brocadia sinica that was added as an inoculum of the reactor operation. The experimental stoichiometric of anammox for ΔNO2‐–N: ΔNH4+–N and ΔNO3‐: ΔNH4+ were 1.24 and 0.18, respectively, which is similar to anammox stoichiometry. The maximum Nitrogen Removal Rate (NRR) has achieved 0.29 kg–N/m3.d at Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) 0.6 kg–N/m3.d. The highest ammonium conversion efficiency (ACE) and nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) were 88% and 85%, respectively. Based on this results, it indicated that sugarcane bagasse as organic carriers could increase the amount of total nitrogen removal by provided of denitrification process but inhibited the anammox process at a certain COD concentration.

scholarly journals In vitro toxicity studies of novel solar water disinfection reactors using the E-screen bioassay and the Ames test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Ozores Diez ◽  
M. Inmaculada Polo-López ◽  
Azahara Martínez-García ◽  
Monique Waso ◽  
Brandon Reyneke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection

Abstract Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a cost-effective point of use method for disinfecting water, usually in a 2 L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic bottle. To increase the volume of water disinfected, three novel transparent reactors were developed using PET in 25 L transparent jerrycans, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in tubular solar reactors capable of delivering >20 L of water and polypropylene (PP) in 20 L buckets. In vitro bioassays were used to investigate any toxic substances leached from the plastic reactors into disinfected water as a result of exposure to sunshine for up to 9 months. The Ames test was used to test for mutagenicity and the E-screen bioassay to test for estrogenicity. No mutagenicity was detected in any sample and no estrogenicity was found in the SODIS treated water produced by the PMMA reactors or the PP buckets. While water disinfected using the PET reactors showed no estrogenicity following exposure to the sun for 3 and 6 months, estrogenicity was detected following 9 months' exposure to sunlight; however levels detected were within the acceptable daily intake for 17β-estradiol (E2) of up to 50 ng/kg body weight/day.

scholarly journals Microbial Technologies Employed for Biodegradation of Neonicotinoids in the Agroecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Dongming Cui ◽  
Guohua Zhong ◽  
Jie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Nervous Stimulation ◽  
The World ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Immobilization Techniques ◽  
Biological Methods

Neonicotinoids are synthetic pesticides widely used for the control of various pests in agriculture throughout the world. They mainly attack the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, generate nervous stimulation, receptor clot, paralysis and finally cause death. They are low volatile, highly soluble and have a long half-life in soil and water. Due to their extensive use, the environmental residues have immensely increased in the last two decades and caused many hazardous effects on non-target organisms, including humans. Hence, for the protection of the environment and diversity of living organism’s the degradation of neonicotinoids has received widespread attention. Compared to the other methods, biological methods are considered cost-effective, eco-friendly and most efficient. In particular, the use of microbial species makes the degradation of xenobiotics more accessible fast and active due to their smaller size. Since this degradation also converts xenobiotics into less toxic substances, the various metabolic pathways for the microbial degradation of neonicotinoids have been systematically discussed. Additionally, different enzymes, genes, plasmids and proteins are also investigated here. At last, this review highlights the implementation of innovative tools, databases, multi-omics strategies and immobilization techniques of microbial cells to detect and degrade neonicotinoids in the environment.

scholarly journals Changes in the nitrogen biogeochemical cycle in sediments of an urban river under different dissolved oxygen levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1271-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Ruan ◽  
Wenli Shi
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Transformation ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Urban Rivers ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Concentration Changes

Abstract Urban rivers are considered as a hot spot of microbial nitrogen cycling due to extensive N loading. However, microbial nitrogen transformation dynamics in urban rivers with different dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of DO concentration changes (anaerobic to aerobic) in overlying water on nitrogen-cycling gene abundance in incubation conditions using sediment from a typical urban river in the Yangtze River Delta. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results revealed that the abundances of the nitrification gene amoA, denitrification gene nirS/K, norB, nosZ, and anammox gene hzo increased by one to two orders of magnitude from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) predominated the ammonium oxidation microbial populations, about tenfold more than the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) populations. Significant correlations were found among the abundances of AOA-amoA, AOB-amoA, nirS, nirK, and hzo genes, implying a close coupling of aerobic ammonium oxidation (AAO), denitrification, and anammox processes at the molecular level. Moreover, the nitrogen transformation rates were calculated using a box model linking the measured dissolved inorganic nitrogen species. The contribution of anammox to N2 production was 85% under saturated treatment, and the AAO rate was significantly positive correlated to the anammox rate. Our results suggested that coupled AAO and anammox might be the dominant pathway for reactive nitrogen removal in urban rivers with elevated DO levels.

High nitrogen removal rate using ANAMMOX process at short hydraulic retention time

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 968-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Casagrande ◽  
A. Kunz ◽  
M. C. De Prá ◽  
C. R. Bressan ◽  
H. M. Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Column Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anammox Process

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is a chemolithoautotrophic process, which converts NH4+ to N2 using nitrite (NO2−) as the electron acceptor. This process has very high nitrogen removal rates (NRRs) and is an alternative to classical nitrification/denitrification wastewater treatment. In the present work, a strategy for nitrogen removal using ANAMMOX process was tested evaluating their performance when submitted to high loading rates and very short hydraulic retention times (HRTs). An up-flow ANAMMOX column reactor was inoculated with 30% biomass (v v−1) fed from 100 to 200 mg L−1 of total N (NO2−-N + NH4+-N) at 35 °C. After start-up and process stability the maximum NRR in the up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was 18.3 g-N L−1 d−1 operated at 0.2 h of HRT. FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) analysis and process stoichiometry confirmed that ANAMMOX was the prevalent process for nitrogen removal during the experiments. The results point out that high NRRs can be obtained at very short HRTs using up-flow ANAMMOX column reactor configuration.

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