scholarly journals Effect of Multiple Adjoining Habitats on Avifaunal Diversity in an Agriculture-Based Wetland Adjacent to the Hooghly River, West Bengal, India

The Ring ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-83
Author(s):  
Manojit Sau ◽  
Mainak Chakraborty ◽  
Riya Das ◽  
Supratim Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Species Rarity ◽  
Foraging Guild

Abstract Sau M., Chakraborty M., Das R. and Mukherjee S. 2018. Effect of multiple adjoining habitats on avifaunal diversity in an agriculture based-wetland adjacent to the Hooghly River, West Bengal, India. Ring 40: 59-92. This study was conducted on four plots having a cluster of different combinations of forest, wetland, and agricultural land, as well as a single marshland habitat near the river Hooghly. We obtained 17,817 counts for 150 species in 32 days of year-round sampling. The wetland-agricultural land associated with forest had the highest species diversity (132 species, Shannon ̄H – 1.63), heterogeneity (Shannon J’ – 0.773), and number of unique species (33 species), and the lowest dominance (Simpson Index 1/D – 39.35), in contrast with the marsh, which had the lowest diversity (41 species, Shannon ̄H – 1.39), highest homogeneity (Shannon J’ – 0.863), and a lack of uniqueness. The plot with secondary forest patches between an agricultural field and human settlements showed the highest species dominance (Simpsons Diversity 1/D – 17.465). Species rarity ranged from 68.2% to 77.6% within the area under study. There were 25 species common to all plots, which formed six distinct groups based on their abundance. Carnivores were found to be the dominant foraging guild throughout the habitats. Thirty-two per cent of the species are migratory, with the families Scolopacidae and Motacillidae predominating. The Jaccard and Sorensen indices reveal the greatest species similarity between the wetlandpisciculture plot and the marshland. These indices together with the hierarchical cluster analysis indicate the uniqueness of the plot of open forest habitat adjoining the wetland, which offers the best living conditions for migratory species. Our study concludes that when a wetland is surrounded by agriculture rather than fisheries, avifaunal diversity increases, whereas forest-associated wetland-farmland maximizes species richness with minimum dominance and hence imparts greater stability to the overall community structure.

scholarly journals Bird communities in a degraded forest biodiversity hotspot of East Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Mulwa ◽  
Mike Teucher ◽  
Werner Ulrich ◽  
Jan Christian Habel
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Small Forest

AbstractTropical forests suffer severe habitat destruction. Thus, tropical forests frequently consist today of only a few small remnants that are often embedded within a matrix of agricultural fields and tree plantations. Forest specialist species have experienced severe population declines under these circumstances. We studied bird communities based on census plots set up in a near-natural forest block, as well as degraded forest patches, tree plantations, and agricultural fields, across the Taita Hills in southern Kenya. We classified each bird species according its ecology and behavior. We quantified the land cover and landscape configuration around each census plot. Typical forest species were mainly observed in the near-natural forest block, and to a lower extent in degraded forest patches. Plantations were almost devoid of birds. Bird communities of small forest fragments were more similar to that of agricultural land than the near-natural forest block. Most frugivorous, insectivorous and nectarivorous birds occurred in forest habitats, while granivorous bird species dominated the bird communities of agricultural land. The surrounding landscape had a marginal impact on bird species composition at local sites. Our study showed that the preservation of near-natural cloud forest, including small forest patches, is essential for the conservation of forest-dependent species, and that plantations do not serve as surrogate habitats.

scholarly journals Degraded lateritic soils cape and land uses in Birbhum district, West Bengal, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. C. Jha ◽  
S. Kapat
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Birbhum District ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Radical Conversion

Degradation of lateritic environment as found in the south western and eastern Birbhum district can be considered as irresistible. Inherently poor physical and chemical status of existing lateritic soil profile and radical conversion of land uses as observed at cadastral level are the key factors of land degradation. Lateritic soilscapes are mostly affected by water erosion induced, vegetal and anthropogenic degradation attaining severe and very severe degradation status. Degraded lands in sample mouzas like Ballabhpur, Shyambati, Chawpahari Jungle, Bodakuri and Pachami account for 60.33%, 71.42%, 72.99%, 87.31% and 79.66% respectively out of their total lateritic exposures. In other words about 36.98%, 71.42%, 61.73%, 56.70% and 76.02% out of their total village areas and mostly non agricultural land use are affected by it. Four degraded villages get the higher priority for friendly landscape conservation actions.

scholarly journals Factors influencing early restoration progress of a Eucalyptus tereticornis open forest on former agricultural land.

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Lewis ◽  
David Taylor ◽  
Scott Swift ◽  
Valerie Debuse
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Tereticornis ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Litter Biomass ◽  
Open Forest

We monitored an area that was revegetated with the goal of restoring a Eucalyptus tereticornis open forest on former agricultural land in central, eastern Queensland. Revegetation involved: (1) planting 60 ha of previously cleared and heavily grazed land with eight local trees species; and (2) removing cattle grazing to encourage natural regeneration in areas where some mature trees remained. We compared the revegetation site to native pasture that had also been previously cleared, with only scattered paddock trees remaining, and continued to be managed for livestock production (an area similar to the revegetation site, prior to planting) and a remnant forest (reference area). Nine years since revegetation began there was some evidence that the revegetated site was diverging from pasture in terms of understorey plant composition, sapling density and topsoil C and N. There was little divergence in terms of plant species richness (native, introduced, grass, forb and woody plant richness), herbaceous biomass and woody plant regeneration. Some monitoring plots were subject to fire (prescribed fire and or wildfire) over the period of monitoring. With increasing time since fire, the richness of native species, introduced species and grass species (both native and introduced) declined, and forb and grass species richness declined with increasing litter biomass, suggesting that the occurrence of fire and the associated removal of litter biomass has a positive influence on herbaceous diversity in this ecosystem. Woody plant regeneration persisted through lignotubers at the revegetation site and at the pasture, but this regeneration was stunted at the pasture presumably due to livestock grazing. Hence areas of former E. tereticornis forest showed promising regenerative capacity where mature trees remained and where livestock grazing was removed.

scholarly journals Forest and forest succession in Hong Kong, China

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Ying Zhuang ◽  
Richard T. Gorlett
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Feng Shui ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Current Species

ABSTRACTHong Kong is on the northern margin of the Asian tropics. The original forest cover was cleared centuries ago but secondary forest has developed since 1945 at many sites protected from fire and cutting. There are also older forest patches maintained behind villages for reasons of ‘feng shui’, the Chinese system of geomancy. All plants >2 cm dbh were identified and measured in forty-four 400-m2 plots. Detrended correspondence analysis showed a floristic continuum, with the montane sites (>500 m) most distinct and some overlap between lowland post-1945 secondary forest and the feng shui woods. The 30–40 year-old secondary forest is dominated by Persea spp. Montane forest is similar but lacks several common lowland taxa of tropical genera and includes more subtropical taxa. The feng shui woods have the most complex structure and contain some tree species not found in other forest types. Their origin and history is obscure but we suggest that both planting and selective harvesting have had a role in their current species composition

scholarly journals Role of Various Extractants in Removing Group-IIB Elements of Soils Incubated with EDTA

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1038-1045
Author(s):  
Tanmoy Karak ◽  
Uttam Kumar Singh ◽  
D. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Removal Of Metal ◽  
Percent Removal

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation undertaken to evaluate different extractant solutions viz. HCl, Mg(NO3)2, and DTPA with the range of concentration from 0.001 to 0.1Nafter incubation with group-IIB metals (Zn, Cd, and Hg) and EDTA to understand the capability to remove Zn, Cd, and Hg from soils. Two noncontaminated soils, one acidic (GHL) and the other alkaline (KAP), in reaction were taken from an agricultural field of West Bengal, India for this investigation. Experiments were conducted on these two soils spiked with ZnII, CdII, and HgIIin concentrations of 612, 321, and 215 mg/kg for soil GHL and 778, 298, and 157 mg/kg for soil KAP, respectively, which simulate typical electroplating waste contamination. The removal of Zn, Cd, and Hg in soil GHL within the range of HCl concentrations was 8.2–16.5, 12.2–19.1, and 4.3–6.9 whereas these were 6.5–7.6, 8.5–14.1, and 3.2–5.2 in soil KAP. The removal of Zn, Cd, and Hg in soil GHL within the range of Mg(NO3)2concentrations were 12.2–28.5, 19.1–24.6, and 18.2–19.1 whereas these were 9.1–12.1, 8.3–12.1, and 10.6–48.1 in soil KAP. For DTPA extractant, the percent removal of metal was found to be significantly higher than the other two extractants, which corroborates that DTPA is a better extractant for soil cleaning.

Source and mobilization mechanism of arsenic contamination in Manipur, Northeast India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Shekhar Azad Kashyap ◽  
Swati Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
World Health ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Paddy Crop ◽  
Waterlogging Condition

<p>India is one of the fastest economic growing and second-largest country by population. More than 75% people are living in rural areas and engage with agricultural activities for livelihood. A significant portion of the revenue comes from agriculture which cause ignorance in follow the guideline to get more yield. The supply of good quality food and drinking water are the necessity for economic and social health welfare of urban and rural population. In this study, we have observed that the groundwater quality is being degrading due to improper implementation of the rules and regulation. Twenty three groundwater sample were analyze for arsenic and trace elements contamination. The arsenic content in groundwater ranging from 10 to 780 µg/L, which is far above the levels for drinking water standards prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO). For identify the provable source of the contamination, four soil sample were analyzed and observed arsenic content ranging from 110 to 190 mg/kg. Rice is the staple food and ultimately cultivating the paddy crop on more over 80% of the agricultural land. The Paddy crop requires a large amount of water, ultimately maintain the waterlogging condition in the agricultural field. This waterlogging condition is providing a long time to get dissolution of the arsenic bearing minerals present in the soil. This study concluded that the traditional practicing of continuous growing paddy crop in the same field leading to groundwater contamination. The crops cycling could be a better option for reducing the contamination at a local scale.</p>

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Importance Of Associated Plant Species In Short Rotation Coppice Plantations

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Michal Beniak ◽  
Michal Žabka
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Spontaneous Vegetation ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Toxic Potential

Abstract Many ecosystem services do not pass through markets. Therefore, the benefits which ecosystems provide to society are largely unrecorded. Fast-growing woody crops represent a quite new and still insufficiently explored ecosystem of agricultural land which has a potential to provide several utility functions. It may contribute to satisfaction of human needs and may enhance regional health. The goal of this paper was to detect the socio-economic importance of associated spontaneous vegetation in plantations of the energy crops (hybrids of the genera Salix) and to compare it with the socio-economic importance of adjacent permanently cultivated agricultural field. There was examined the therapeutic, melliferous, feed, allergenic and toxic potential of undergrowth for each experimental plot inside the SRC plantations. The research was carried out on the agricultural land formerly used for growing cereals and root crops – the research base Kolíňany. Our results showed that energy plantation understoreys can be assumed to be the better option for contribution to the total socio-economic value of a region than agricultural fields.

scholarly journals Unmanned Helicopter Type Aircraft for the Pesticides and Fertilizers Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
L. A. Marchenko ◽  
M. V. Myzin ◽  
I. V. Kuznetsov ◽  
T. V. Mochkova ◽  
A. Yu. Spiridonov
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Unmanned Helicopter ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Digital agricultural production is based on robotic agricultural technologies for the use of pesticides and fertilizers using unmanned aerial systems, which are based on unmanned aerial vehicles for monitoring agricultural land, the pesticides application, fertilizers and other agrochemicals. (Research purpose) To develop an unmanned helicopter based aircraft for applying pesticides and fertilizers, and to substantiate its technological parameters. (Materials and methods) The authors used methodological recommendations on the use of chemicals in the precision farming system, regulatory and technical documentation for unmanned aircraft systems. (Results and discussion) The authors determined the unmanned aerial vehicle main flight technical and technological parameters for the implementation of the applying pesticides and fertilizers process. They established the dependences of its productivity on the norms of introducing working fluids of pesticides and fertilizers, the agricultural field length, and the approach distance to the field. (Conclusions) The authors developed a helicopter-type unmanned aerial vehicle of a coaxial design with a take-off mass of 280 kilograms and a payload of 50-80 kilograms, a rotor diameter of 5.3 meters, a constructive boom width with sprayers of 5 meters, a working flight height of 1-5 meters, a working speed of 40-60 kilometers per hour, the rate of working fluid of pesticides application 10-20 liters per hectare and nitrogen fertilizers 30-120 liters per hectare. They established rational values for the application rates of pesticides – 10-20 liters per hectare, the agricultural field length – at least 0.8 kilometers, ensuring maximum productivity in flight hour when processing the agricultural field. They showed that the flight distance minimizing from the runway to the field significantly increased the productivity of applying pesticides and fertilizers.

scholarly journals Multipurpose agriculture cultivator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Riyaz ◽  
Akash mangesh sawant ◽  
Taufiq rafiq shaikh ◽  
Dilip bhagwatrao radkar ◽  
Anvesh hemant sapkal
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Plant Nursery ◽  
Productivity Rate ◽  
Feeding Process ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Agricultural Operation

In this modern era research in the agricultural field is going on. Plant nursery is important part of agriculture field and facing many problems. The problems are availability of low productivity rate and more manual efforts required for seed feeding. In plant nursery more time is required for plantation which is due to seed feeding process. For reducing these problems of plant nursery research of multipurpose agriculture cultivator mechanism is used. MAC is a semi-automatic operated machine used for agricultural land operation to give better productivity of crops and to ease the work of farmers. MAC is used for cultivation of land comprising of three major agricultural operation in a single prototype machine which in case would reduce the work load and the use of draft animals. In this report various parameter of the design and the manufacturing of the MAC is studied. The machine would be developed considering the difficulties faced by the farmers.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Potentially Toxic Element via Absorbtion and Translocation by Naturally Grown Plants Calotropis Procera and Solanum Nigrum from Polluted Agricultural Field Near by Industrial Area, Chinhat Lucknow U.P.(India)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S10) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
And Control ◽  
Contaminated Area ◽  
Accumulator Plant

Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly and has beeen defined as the in situ use of plants to stabilise, remediate, and reduce or restore contaminated soil. Current research was conducted to know the best accumulator plants Forcontaminated agricultural land, of potentially trace elements in soil and plants. Total Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb, have been estimated in soil and plant species of contaminated and control site. Two plants species calotropis procera and solanum nigrum from contaminated and non-contaminated area has been taken. It is revealed that Solanum Nigrum and CalotropisProcera growing in contaminated area can accumulate some of the PTE (Potentially Toxic Elements) like Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb. Surprisingly, naturally grown plants show highly accumulated metals and which can be used as a best accumulator plant species in the heavily contaminated area.We suggest the cultivation of these plants species because it can be used as a best accumulator plant species. This research will show in selection of best plant species for growing in contaminated area

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document