Bargaining with Asymmetric Dispute Costs

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Pecorino ◽  
Mark Van Boening
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Total Surplus ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Asymmetrically Distributed ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractWe conduct a bargaining experiment in a stylized litigation setting. In the baseline, dispute costs are divided equally between the two parties. There are two treatments with an asymmetric distribution of dispute costs. The design allows us to gain insight into how a fair offer evolves with the distribution of dispute costs. The amount of surplus in the average offer depends on the total amount of surplus available and not on the distribution of dispute costs. About 28% of the total surplus is contained in the average offer, regardless of the distribution of dispute costs. Based on the empirical rejection frequencies, we calculate that the optimal offer contains 13% of the total surplus from settlement. We also find evidence that disputes are more likely when dispute costs are asymmetrically distributed. This suggests that the experimental subjects have more difficulty coordinating on a fair offer when dispute costs are not symmetric.

Dermoscopic Predictors of Benignity and Malignancy in Equivocal Lesions Predominated by Blue Color

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Lallas ◽  
Montserrat Arceu ◽  
Guisella Martinez ◽  
Sofia-Magdalini Manoli ◽  
Chryssoula Papageorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Histopathologic Diagnosis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Seborrheic Keratoses ◽  
Asymmetrically Distributed ◽  
Diffuse Distribution

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Blue color in dermoscopy can be seen in a wide range of benign and malignant lesions, melanocytic or not. Some blue-colored dermoscopic criteria have been associated with specific tumors, such as blue-white veil with melanoma and homogeneous blue with blue nevi. However, when blue color occupies a large part of the lesion’s surface, the dermoscopic assessment might be particularly challenging. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To identify dermoscopic predictors associated with benignity and malignancy in tumors characterized by a predominant dermoscopic presence of blue color. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively screened our institutional database for tumors exhibiting blue color in at least 50% of their surface with available histopathologic diagnosis. Lesions with blue color covering less than 50% of their extent and lesions not histopathologically assessed were excluded. The dermoscopic images were evaluated for the presence of predefined criteria, including the characteristics of the blue color, coexisting colors, and the vascular structures. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 91 included tumors, 53 were benign (35 blue nevi, 10 angiomas, and 8 seborrheic keratoses) and 38 malignant (12 melanomas and 26 basal cell carcinomas). Our analysis revealed 3 potent dermoscopic predictors of benignity: extension of blue color in more than 75% of the surface, diffuse distribution of blue color, and absence of vessels, posing a 2.3-fold, 5.6-fold, and 6.7-fold increased probability of benignity, respectively. In contrast, asymmetric distribution of blue color, blue clods, coexistence of gray color and linear vessels were significantly predictive of malignancy, posing a 8.9-fold, 2.8-fold, 13.5-fold, and 10.4-fold increased probability, respectively. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> In predominantly blue tumors, the probability of malignancy is high when blue color is seen in clods or is asymmetrically distributed and when gray color or linear vessels coexist. In contrast, a diffuse distribution of blue color, its expansion in more than 75% of the surface, and the absence of vessels are highly suggestive of a benign tumor.

scholarly journals Genome biology of the paleotetraploid perennial biomass crop Miscanthus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Mitros ◽  
Adam M. Session ◽  
Brandon T. James ◽  
Guohong Albert Wu ◽  
Mohammad B. Belaffif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Bioenergy Crop ◽  
Biomass Crop ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Rhizome Development ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Miscanthus is a perennial wild grass that is of global importance for paper production, roofing, horticultural plantings, and an emerging highly productive temperate biomass crop. We report a chromosome-scale assembly of the paleotetraploid M. sinensis genome, providing a resource for Miscanthus that links its chromosomes to the related diploid Sorghum and complex polyploid sugarcanes. The asymmetric distribution of transposons across the two homoeologous subgenomes proves Miscanthus paleo-allotetraploidy and identifies several balanced reciprocal homoeologous exchanges. Analysis of M. sinensis and M. sacchariflorus populations demonstrates extensive interspecific admixture and hybridization, and documents the origin of the highly productive triploid bioenergy crop M. × giganteus. Transcriptional profiling of leaves, stem, and rhizomes over growing seasons provides insight into rhizome development and nutrient recycling, processes critical for sustainable biomass accumulation in a perennial temperate grass. The Miscanthus genome expands the power of comparative genomics to understand traits of importance to Andropogoneae grasses.

Asymmetric distribution of metals in the Xenopus laevis oocyte: a synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe study

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Florin Gh. Popescu ◽  
Zachery R. Belak ◽  
Konstantin Ignatyev ◽  
Nick Ovsenek ◽  
Helen Nichol
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocyte ◽  
Animal Pole ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Cellular Specialization ◽  
Asymmetrically Distributed

The asymmetric distribution of many components of the Xenopus oocyte, including RNA, proteins, and pigment, provides a framework for cellular specialization during development. During maturation, Xenopus oocytes also acquire metals needed for development, but apart from zinc, little is known about their distribution. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe was used to map iron, copper, and zinc and the metalloid selenium in a whole oocyte. Iron, zinc, and copper were asymmetrically distributed in the cytoplasm, while selenium and copper were more abundant in the nucleus. A zone of high copper and zinc was seen in the animal pole cytoplasm. Iron was also concentrated in the animal pole but did not colocalize with zinc, copper, or pigment accumulations. This asymmetry of metal deposition may be important for normal development. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe will be a useful tool to examine how metals accumulate and redistribute during fertilization and embryonic development.

EEG Alpha Blocking Correlated with Perception of Inner Light During Zen Meditation

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 629-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Chen Lo ◽  
Ming-Liang Huang ◽  
Kang-Ming Chang
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Zen Buddhism ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
True Self ◽  
Alpha Blocking ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Eeg Alpha ◽  
Inner Light ◽  
Insight Into

According to the experimental results and practitioners' subjective experience, we report some hypotheses that may account for meditative phenomena during the practice of Zen-Buddhism. Orthodox Zen-Buddhist practitioners, aiming to prove the most original true-self, discover and uncover the inner energy or light on the way towards their goal. Perception of the inner light can be comprehended as resonance. Uncovering the inner energy optimizes physiological and mental health. In the meditation experiment, a significant correlation was observed between perception of the inner light and electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha blockage. We further examined this phenomenon by recording the EEG from subjects during a blessing that the subjects did not know being given. During the blessing period, significant alpha blocking was observed in experimental subjects who had been practicing meditation for years in preparation for being in resonance with the inner light. This report provides a new insight into the debate that meditation benefits our health.

scholarly journals Clonal selection and asymmetric distribution of human leukemia in murine xenografts revealed by cellular barcoding

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (24) ◽  
pp. 3210-3220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam E. Belderbos ◽  
Taco Koster ◽  
Bertien Ausema ◽  
Sabrina Jacobs ◽  
Sharlaine Sowdagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Clone Size ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Asymmetrically Distributed ◽  
Cellular Barcoding

Key Points Patient-derived leukemia xenografts are highly polyclonal and show stochastic and clone-size–driven selection. Leukemia clones are asymmetrically distributed in xenografts and preferentially localize to the bone marrow or to extramedullary sites.

scholarly journals Differential Distribution of Exosome Subunits at the Nuclear Lamina and in Cytoplasmic Foci

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1399-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. Graham ◽  
Daniel L. Kiss ◽  
Erik D. Andrulis
Keyword(s):  
Rna Processing ◽  
Nuclear Periphery ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Exosome Complex

The exosome complex plays important roles in RNA processing and turnover. Despite significant mechanistic insight into exosome function, we still lack a basic understanding of the subcellular locales where exosome complex biogenesis and function occurs. Here, we employ a panel of Drosophila S2 stable cell lines expressing epitope-tagged exosome subunits to examine the subcellular distribution of exosome complex components. We show that tagged Drosophila exosome subunits incorporate into complexes that recover endogenous nuclear and cytoplasmic exosome subunits. Immunolocalization analyses demonstrate that subsets of both epitope-tagged and endogenous exosome subunits are enriched in discrete subcellular compartments. In particular, dRrp4, dRrp42, dRrp46, and dCsl4 are enriched in cytoplasmic foci. Although dRrp4 and dRrp42 sometimes colocalize with dCsl4, these subunits are predominantly found in distinct cytoplasmic compartments. Strikingly, dRrp44/dDis3 and dRrp41/dSki6 colocalize with the nuclear lamina and often exhibit a restricted and asymmetric distribution at the nuclear periphery. Taken together, these observations indicate that individual exosome subunits have distinct localizations in vivo. These different distribution patterns presumably reflect distinct exosome subunit subcomplexes with correspondingly specialized functions.

Asymmetries of Facial Motility during the Dissimulation of Emotion

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Clarici ◽  
Francesca Melon ◽  
Susanne Braun ◽  
Antonio Bava
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Voluntary Control ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Facial Action Coding System ◽  
Facial Mimicry ◽  
Facial Action ◽  
The Face ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Facial Action Coding

The asymmetries of facial expression were estimated in a sample of 14 experimental subjects with the Facial Action Coding System during voluntary control of facial mimicry while viewing videotapes. The subjects were instructed to express facially the emotion experienced or to dissimulate their true emotion with a facial expression opposite (incongruous) to what they actually felt. Only during dissimulation did facial mimicry show an asymmetric distribution toward the lower left side of the face.

scholarly journals LSD-25 as an Adjunct to Long-Term Psychotherapy

1966 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pos
Keyword(s):  
Total Duration ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Treatment Procedure ◽  
Treatment Variable ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
All Treatment

The author describes his experience with LSD-25 as an adjunct to long-term psychotherapy in 24 patients between September, 1962 and May, 1965, involving a total of 56 LSD-25 sessions for a total duration of 119 1/4 hours. Where therapy blocks developed which could not be overcome, narcoanalysis with or without methylphenidate† was used and if this was not successful LSD-25 was considered. The 24 experimental subjects were almost all suffering from disabling and long-standing psychiatric difficulties. In five out of 24 patients LSD-25 did seem to help the patient to overcome therapeutic blocks successfully; five patients showed only temporary movement and relapsed; 12 patients showed no therapeutic movement whatsoever; in two patients the follow-up was insufficient. There was no stable correlation between the extent of the psychedelic experience and the amount of therapeutic benefit. The events of the LSD-25 sessions could not be predicted on the basis of pre-LSD-25 experience with the patient, nor could the therapeutic outcome of the LSD-25 sessions be predicted on the basis of the session itself, or even on the basis of the first days or weeks following the session. LSD-25 appeared as a sometimes helpful though usually unpredictable treatment variable within the over-all treatment program. When introduced as an adjunct late in the treatment procedure it did not seem to have any untoward psychodynamic effects and no undue increase in suicidal tendencies was noted. The therapist's insight into the patient's dynamics was always increased, though this could far from always be translated into therapeutic benefit.

Asymmetric distribution of the C. elegans HAM-1 protein in neuroblasts enables daughter cells to adopt distinct fates

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 3509-3518 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Guenther ◽  
G. Garriga
Keyword(s):  
Daughter Cell ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Protein Functions ◽  
Asymmetric Divisions ◽  
Asymmetrically Distributed ◽  
Mitotic Cells

One mechanism of generating cellular diversity is to distribute developmental potential asymmetrically to daughter cells at mitosis. Two observations described in this report suggest that the C. elegans HAM-1 protein functions in dividing neuroblasts to produce daughter cells that adopt distinct fates. First, HAM-1 is asymmetrically distributed to the periphery of certain mitotic cells, ensuring that it will be inherited by only one daughter cell. Second, ham-1 mutations disrupt the asymmetric divisions of five neuroblasts. In one of these divisions, loss of ham-1 function causes the daughter cell that does not inherit HAM-1 to adopt the fate of the daughter cell that normally inherits HAM-1. We propose that asymmetric distribution of HAM-1 enables daughter cells to adopt distinct fates.

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