Investigation and analysis of glass fabric/PVC composite laminates processing parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Zal ◽  
Hassan Moslemi Naeini ◽  
Ahmad Reza Bahramian ◽  
Amir Hossein Behravesh ◽  
Behnam Abbaszadeh
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Matrix Degradation ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract In this work, the effects of processing parameters including temperature, time, and pressure on the properties of amorphous polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/fiberglass thermoplastic composite laminates were evaluated. The film stacking and hot pressing procedure was used to produce the composite laminates, and samples with [0/90]10 layup and thickness of 3 mm were produced. Flexural strength and modulus of the samples were measured using three-point bending test (according to ASTM D790 standard test method), and microscopic images were used to evaluate the failure mechanisms and impregnation quality. The effects of the parameters on the strength were studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and it was found that processing temperature has the maximum effect on the products strength and increase of the temperature up to 230°C increases the flexural strength while more increase of temperature results in the matrix degradation and strength reduction. Also, processing time improves the wetting and impregnation quality; however, more increase of the processing time results in the matrix degradation and excessive reduction of the strength.

scholarly journals Optimization of Blending Parameters and Fiber Size of Kenaf-Bast-Fiber-Reinforced the Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites by Taguchi Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. El-Shekeil ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
M. D. Azaman ◽  
M. Jawaid
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
Polyurethane Composites

“Kenaf-fibers- (KF-)” reinforced “thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)” composites were prepared by the melt-blending method followed by compression molding. Composite specimens were cut from the sheets that were prepared by compression molding. The criteria of optimization were testing the specimens by tensile test and comparing the ultimate tensile strength. The aim of this study is to optimize processing parameters (e.g., processing temperature, time, and speed) and fiber size using the Taguchi approach. These four parameters were investigated in three levels each. The L9 orthogonal array was used based on the number of parameters and levels that has been selected. Furthermore, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance of different parameters. The results showed that the optimum values were 180°C, 50 rpm, 13 min, and 125–300 micron for processing temperature, processing speed, processing time, and fiber size, respectively. Using ANOVA, processing temperature showed the highest significance value followed by fiber size. Processing time and speed did not show any significance on the optimization of TPU/KF.

Synthesis of Si3N4 from Na2SiF6 as a Solid Precursor: Microstructural Evolution

2007 ◽  
Vol 560 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia Leal-Cruz ◽  
Martin I. Pech-Canul
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Morphology Changes ◽  
Porous Substrates

The effect of processing parameters on the weight loss of the silicon solid precursor (Na2SiF6) and the deposition characteristics and morphology of Si3N4 formed onto SiCp/Si porous substrates by CVD has been investigated. The results show that the weight loss of Na2SiF6 is most significantly affected by the processing temperature, followed by the processing time and the type of nitrogen precursor. Formation of Si3N4 is mostly influenced by the substrate temperature, followed by the type of nitrogen precursor and processing time. An increase in processing time and temperature from 60 to 120 min and from 900 to 1300 oC, respectively, favors dissociation of Na2SiF6 and formation of Si3N4. Moreover, N2 enhances Na2SiF6 dissociation and hampers Si3N4 formation, while the N2-NH3 mixture hinders the solid precursor dissociation and favors Si3N4 formation. With regard to microstructure evolution, it is found that in N2 the amount of Si3N4 increases with temperature and the morphology changes from wool-like and light fibers to thicker and compact fibers. When N2-NH3 is used and the processing temperature is increased, the morphology of Si3N4 is modified from deposits with wool-like and compact appearance to whiskers and spheres and finally to thick and compact fibers.

Evaluation of the effect of aluminum surface treatment on mechanical and dynamic properties of PVC/aluminum/fiber glass fiber metal laminates

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Zal ◽  
Hassan Moslemi Naeini ◽  
Ahmad Reza Bahramian ◽  
Hadi Abdollahi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Aluminum Surface ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Aluminum Layer ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Aluminum Composite ◽  
Fiber Metal

A study on new materials usage to produce fiber metal laminates is presented in this work. Amorphous polyvinyl chloride thermoplastic and aluminum 3550 sheets are used to fabricate the fiber metal laminates. Different surface treatments were carried out on the aluminum sheets and the fiber metal laminates were produced using the film stacking procedure. Flexural strength and modulus of the products and also shear strength of bonding were measured using three-point bending test, and their failure mechanisms were evaluated using optical microscope images. Also, the effects of aluminum layer and aluminum/composite laminates bonding on the dynamic properties of the fiber metal laminates were studied using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis. It was concluded that mechanical roughening of the aluminum sheet has the maximum effect on the aluminum/matrix bonding strength such that simultaneous fracture of composite laminates and aluminum layer in the bending condition was observed in the produced fiber metal laminates without any delamination.

scholarly journals Optimization of Processing Parameters and Fiber Content of Cocoa Pod Husk Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites by Taguchi Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. El-Shekeil ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
M. Haron
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Polyurethane Composites

A composite of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk (CPH) fiber reinforced themoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was prepared by melt-blending method followed by compression moulding. Specimens were cut from the sheets that were prepared by compression moulding. The criteria of optimization was testing the specimens by tensile test and comparing the ultimate tensile strength. The aim of this study is to optimize processing parameters and fiber loading using Taguchi approach. These four parameters were investigated in three levels each. The L9 orthogonal array was used based on the number of parameters and levels that have been selected. Furthermore ANOVA was used to determine the significance of parameters. The processing parameters chosen for this study were temperature, speed and time of processing and fiber content. The results showed that optimum values were 190°C, 40 rpm, 11min and 30% for processing temperature, processing speed, processing time and fiber content; respectively. Using ANOVA; fiber content showed the highest significance value followed by processing time. Processing temperature and speed showed no significance in the optimization of TPU/CPH.

The flexural and impact behavior of the laminated aluminum-epoxy/basalt fibers composites containing nanoclay: An experimental investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1931-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Bahari-Sambran ◽  
Reza Eslami-Farsani ◽  
Shabnam Arbab Chirani
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Aluminum Sheets ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fiber Metal

In this study, the effect of different weight percents of modified/unmodified nanoclay particles on the flexural and impact properties of fiber–metal laminates made of 2024-T3 aluminum sheets and basalt fibers as the reinforcements and epoxy as the matrix was investigated. As a first step, the surface of nanoclay particles was modified by the silane-coupling agent. The creation of the functional groups on the surface of nanoclay particles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The modified nanoclay with different weight percents of 0, 1, 3, and 5 was added into the epoxy matrix; then, for the better distribution and dispersion of nanoparticles in the matrix, the mechanical and ultra-sonication machines were used. Also, to ensure better interaction and adherence between the matrix and the aluminum sheets, the mechanical and chemical treatments were conducted. Then, the mixture of epoxy and nanoclay with woven basalt fibers and aluminum sheets was used to fabricate fiber–metal laminates. To survey the effect of these nanoparticles on the mechanical properties, the three-point bending test and the high-velocity impact test were used. The results showed that the maximum effect of adding nanoclay particles on the flexural and impact behavior was obtained by using 3 wt.% of the modified nanoclay. These properties of fiber–metal laminates, which contained the 3 wt.% unmodified nanoclay, were weakened in comparison to a similar specimen containing the modified nanoclay. Furthermore, the flexural modulus was enhanced by increasing the weight percent of the nanoparticles. Also, to investigate the fracture mechanism, the field emission scanning electron microscope was used. The microscopic images revealed that adding nanoclay particles led to the improvement of the interaction between the matrix and basalt fibers, thereby improving the flexural and impact properties.

Influence of Aspect Ratio of Macro Synthetic Fiber on Mechanical Properties of Shotcrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1226-1232
Author(s):  
An Shuang Su ◽  
Yue Bo Cai
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Flexural Toughness ◽  
Four Point Bending

Influences of moisture content and loading rate on flexural toughness were experimentally studied for fiber reinforced shotcrete (FRSC) with steel fiber or macro synthetic polypropylene fiber. According to the four-point bending test method specified in ASTM C1609 and Chinese standard CECS 13, the flexural toughness of specimens after drying for 0h, 16h, 24h and 72h in condition of (20±2)°C and (60±5)% relative humidity was tested at a loading rate of 0.05 mm/min. For specimens after drying for 24h and 72h, flexural toughness was tested at loading rates of 0.05 mm/min, 0.10 mm/min, and 0.20 mm/min respectively. With the moisture content decreasing, the flexural toughness T100,2.0, first-peak flexural strength, and residual flexural strength at prescribed deflections of FRSC exhibited decreasing tendency. The specimens with 0.5 vol% of steel fiber showed higher T100,2.0 value than that with 0.9 vol% of macro synthetic fiber. The residual strength and flexural toughness of FRSC increased with the increase of loading rate.

Influence of Moisture Content and Loading Rate on Flexural Toughness of Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete Remarked

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wei Ning ◽  
Jian Tong Ding ◽  
An Shuang Su ◽  
Yue Bo Cai
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Flexural Toughness

Influences of moisture content and loading rate on flexural toughness were experimentally studied for fiber reinforced shotcrete (FRSC) with steel fiber or macro synthetic polypropylene fiber. According to the four-point bending test method specified in ASTM C1609 and Chinese standard CECS 13, the flexural toughness of specimens after drying for 0h, 16h, 24h and 72h in condition of (20±2)°C and (60±5)% relative humidity was tested at a loading rate of 0.05 mm/min. For specimens after drying for 24h and 72h, flexural toughness was tested at loading rates of 0.05 mm/min, 0.10 mm/min, and 0.20 mm/min respectively. With the moisture content decreasing, the flexural toughness T100,2.0, first-peak flexural strength, and residual flexural strength at prescribed deflections of FRSC exhibited decreasing tendency. The specimens with 0.5 vol% of steel fiber showed higher T100,2.0 value than that with 0.9 vol% of macro synthetic fiber. The residual strength and flexural toughness of FRSC increased with the increase of loading rate.

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