scholarly journals Optimization of Blending Parameters and Fiber Size of Kenaf-Bast-Fiber-Reinforced the Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites by Taguchi Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. El-Shekeil ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
M. D. Azaman ◽  
M. Jawaid
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Kenaf Fibers ◽  
Polyurethane Composites

“Kenaf-fibers- (KF-)” reinforced “thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)” composites were prepared by the melt-blending method followed by compression molding. Composite specimens were cut from the sheets that were prepared by compression molding. The criteria of optimization were testing the specimens by tensile test and comparing the ultimate tensile strength. The aim of this study is to optimize processing parameters (e.g., processing temperature, time, and speed) and fiber size using the Taguchi approach. These four parameters were investigated in three levels each. The L9 orthogonal array was used based on the number of parameters and levels that has been selected. Furthermore, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significance of different parameters. The results showed that the optimum values were 180°C, 50 rpm, 13 min, and 125–300 micron for processing temperature, processing speed, processing time, and fiber size, respectively. Using ANOVA, processing temperature showed the highest significance value followed by fiber size. Processing time and speed did not show any significance on the optimization of TPU/KF.

scholarly journals Optimization of Processing Parameters and Fiber Content of Cocoa Pod Husk Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites by Taguchi Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. El-Shekeil ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
M. Haron
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Polyurethane Composites

A composite of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk (CPH) fiber reinforced themoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was prepared by melt-blending method followed by compression moulding. Specimens were cut from the sheets that were prepared by compression moulding. The criteria of optimization was testing the specimens by tensile test and comparing the ultimate tensile strength. The aim of this study is to optimize processing parameters and fiber loading using Taguchi approach. These four parameters were investigated in three levels each. The L9 orthogonal array was used based on the number of parameters and levels that have been selected. Furthermore ANOVA was used to determine the significance of parameters. The processing parameters chosen for this study were temperature, speed and time of processing and fiber content. The results showed that optimum values were 190°C, 40 rpm, 11min and 30% for processing temperature, processing speed, processing time and fiber content; respectively. Using ANOVA; fiber content showed the highest significance value followed by processing time. Processing temperature and speed showed no significance in the optimization of TPU/CPH.

scholarly journals Effect of Fiber Loading on Tensile Properties of Cocoa Pod Husk Fibers Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. El-Shekeil ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
M. Haron
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Fibre Loading ◽  
Temperature Time

In this study, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk (CPH) fiber reinforced themoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was prepared by melt blending method using Haake Polydrive R600 internal mixer. The composites were prepared with different fiber loading: 20%, 30% and 40% (by weight), with the optimum processing parameters: 190°C, 11 min, and 40 rpm for temperature, time and speed, respectively. Five samples were cut from the composite sheet. Mean value was taken for each composite according to ASTM standards. Increase of fibre loading showed increase in tensile strength and modulus and decreasing trend of strain.

scholarly journals Effect of Fiber Loading on Tensile Properties of Cocoa Pod Husk Fibers Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. El-Shekeil ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
M. Haron
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Fibre Loading ◽  
Temperature Time

In this study, cocoa (Theobroma cacao) pod husk (CPH) fiber reinforced themoplastic polyurethane (TPU) was prepared by melt blending method using Haake Polydrive R600 internal mixer. The composites were prepared with different fiber loading: 20%, 30% and 40% (by weight), with the optimum processing parameters: 190°C, 11 min, and 40 rpm for temperature, time and speed, respectively. Five samples were cut from the composite sheet. Mean value was taken for each composite according to ASTM standards. Increase of fibre loading showed increase in tensile strength and modulus and decreasing trend of strain.

scholarly journals Optimizing Processing Parameters and Fiber Size for Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. El-Shekeil ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
E.S. Zainudin ◽  
Abdan Khalina
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Fiber Size ◽  
Internal Mixer

In this study, composite of Themoplastic polyurethane (TPU) reinforced with short fiber (Hibiscus Cannabinus) kenaf (KF) were prepared via melt blending method using Haake Polydrive R600 internal mixer. Effect of various processing temperatures, times and speeds on tensile strength was studied, together with effect of various fiber sizes on tensile, flexural properties and impact strength. Optimum blending parameters were 190°C, 11 min, and 40 rpm for temperature, time and speed, respectively. Using the optimum processing parameters TPU-KF composites with different fiber sizes were prepared. Composite sheets were prepared by hot press machine at 190 °C for 10 min. Five samples were cut from the composite sheet. Mean value was taken for each composite according to ASTM standards. Tensile and flexural strength were best for fibers between 125-300 micron. Impact strength showed an increasing trend with increasing fiber size.

Synthesis of Si3N4 from Na2SiF6 as a Solid Precursor: Microstructural Evolution

2007 ◽  
Vol 560 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia Leal-Cruz ◽  
Martin I. Pech-Canul
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Morphology Changes ◽  
Porous Substrates

The effect of processing parameters on the weight loss of the silicon solid precursor (Na2SiF6) and the deposition characteristics and morphology of Si3N4 formed onto SiCp/Si porous substrates by CVD has been investigated. The results show that the weight loss of Na2SiF6 is most significantly affected by the processing temperature, followed by the processing time and the type of nitrogen precursor. Formation of Si3N4 is mostly influenced by the substrate temperature, followed by the type of nitrogen precursor and processing time. An increase in processing time and temperature from 60 to 120 min and from 900 to 1300 oC, respectively, favors dissociation of Na2SiF6 and formation of Si3N4. Moreover, N2 enhances Na2SiF6 dissociation and hampers Si3N4 formation, while the N2-NH3 mixture hinders the solid precursor dissociation and favors Si3N4 formation. With regard to microstructure evolution, it is found that in N2 the amount of Si3N4 increases with temperature and the morphology changes from wool-like and light fibers to thicker and compact fibers. When N2-NH3 is used and the processing temperature is increased, the morphology of Si3N4 is modified from deposits with wool-like and compact appearance to whiskers and spheres and finally to thick and compact fibers.

Investigation and analysis of glass fabric/PVC composite laminates processing parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Zal ◽  
Hassan Moslemi Naeini ◽  
Ahmad Reza Bahramian ◽  
Amir Hossein Behravesh ◽  
Behnam Abbaszadeh
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Matrix Degradation ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract In this work, the effects of processing parameters including temperature, time, and pressure on the properties of amorphous polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/fiberglass thermoplastic composite laminates were evaluated. The film stacking and hot pressing procedure was used to produce the composite laminates, and samples with [0/90]10 layup and thickness of 3 mm were produced. Flexural strength and modulus of the samples were measured using three-point bending test (according to ASTM D790 standard test method), and microscopic images were used to evaluate the failure mechanisms and impregnation quality. The effects of the parameters on the strength were studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and it was found that processing temperature has the maximum effect on the products strength and increase of the temperature up to 230°C increases the flexural strength while more increase of temperature results in the matrix degradation and strength reduction. Also, processing time improves the wetting and impregnation quality; however, more increase of the processing time results in the matrix degradation and excessive reduction of the strength.

scholarly journals The Energy-Efficient Processing of Fine Materials by the Micropyretic Synthesis Route

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
The One ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Diffusion Controlled Reaction

Energy-efficient processing of TiB compound with nanowhiskers by micropyretic synthesis is investigated in this paper. Micropyretic synthesis not only offers shorter processing time but also excludes the requirement for high-temperature sintering and it is considered as the one of the novel energy-saving processing techniques. Experimental study and numerical simulation are both carried out to investigate the correlation of the processing parameters on the microstructures of the micropyretically synthesized products. The diffusion-controlled reaction mechanism is proposed in this study. It is noted that nanosize TiB whiskers only occurred when the combustion temperature is lower than the melting point of TiB but higher than the extinguished temperature. The results generated in the numerical calculation can be used as a helpful reference to select the proper route of processing nanosize materials. The Arrhenius-type plot of size and temperature is used to calculate the activation energy of TiB reaction. In addition to verifying the accuracy of the experimental measures, the reaction temperature for producing the micropyretically synthesized products with nanofeatures can be predicted.

Low frequency vibratory cleaning of paint and rust contaminants from machines parts

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542110314
Author(s):  
Dieudonne Essola ◽  
Achille Pandong Njomoue ◽  
Florence Offole ◽  
Cyrille Adiang Mezoue ◽  
Crick Nelson Zanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Vibration Machine ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Low Frequency Oscillations ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Process Fluid ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Fluid Parameters

This work investigates the effect of low frequency vibratory processing for cleaning and washing various machine components parts from rusts and old paints deposits. The experimental investigation was carried out with special prepared samples that were weighted and exposed to paints and rust contaminants. These samples were treated in universal horizontal vibration machine UVHM 4 × 10 with different combination of instrumental processing medium, process fluid, machine amplitude and frequency of oscillations. They were periodically reweighted after processing and compared to etalon with control of quantity of dust that have been removed, sample cleanliness and also other functional parameters. Statistical analysis has been used to characterize ongoing process and full factorial analysis to establish experimental parameters dependency. The result is showing the complex dependence of samples cleanliness to each processing parameters like processing time, amplitude of oscillations, frequency of oscillations, process fluid parameters, instrumental medium, etc. Between this parameters although the most important successively the amplitude of oscillations, the frequency of oscillations the processing medium and the processing fluid depending to his considered composition, the optimal processing time can be reach only by complex combination of all this parameters every of them carry an amplify coefficient. Low frequency oscillations can be used to monitor and optimize washing and cleaning operations of paints and rusts contaminations. That guarantees process automation, its effectiveness for a large industrial application.

PREDICTION OF PEEK RESIN PROPERTIES FOR PROCESSING MODELING USING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHATEREH KASHMARI ◽  
PRATHAMESH DESHPANDE ◽  
SAGAR PATIL ◽  
SAGAR SHAH ◽  
MARIANNA MAIARU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Wide Range

Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) have been the subject of many recent studies due to their outstanding characteristics. For the processing of PMCs, a wide range of elevated temperatures is typically applied to the material, leading to the development of internal residual stresses during the final cool-down step. These residual stresses may lead to net shape deformations or internal damage. Also, volumetric shrinkage, and thus additional residual stresses, could be created during crystallization of the semi-crystalline thermoplastic matrix. Furthermore, the thermomechanical properties of semi-crystalline polymers are susceptible to the crystallinity content, which is tightly controlled by the processing parameters (processing temperature, temperature holding time) and material properties (melting and crystallization temperatures). Hence, it is vital to have a precise understanding of crystallization kinetics and its impact on the final component's performance to accurately predict induced residual stresses during the processing of these materials. To enable multi-scale process modeling of thermoplastic composites, molecular-level material properties must be determined for a wide range of crystallinity levels. In this study, the thermomechanical properties and volumetric shrinkage of the thermoplastic Poly Ether Ether Ketone (PEEK) resin are predicted as a function of crystallinity content and temperature using molecular dynamics (MD) modeling. Using crystallization-kinetics models, the thermo-mechanical properties are directly related to processing time and temperature. This research can ultimately predict the residual stress evolution in PEEK composites as a function of processing parameters.

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