Evaluation of the effect of aluminum surface treatment on mechanical and dynamic properties of PVC/aluminum/fiber glass fiber metal laminates

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Zal ◽  
Hassan Moslemi Naeini ◽  
Ahmad Reza Bahramian ◽  
Hadi Abdollahi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Aluminum Surface ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Aluminum Layer ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Aluminum Composite ◽  
Fiber Metal

A study on new materials usage to produce fiber metal laminates is presented in this work. Amorphous polyvinyl chloride thermoplastic and aluminum 3550 sheets are used to fabricate the fiber metal laminates. Different surface treatments were carried out on the aluminum sheets and the fiber metal laminates were produced using the film stacking procedure. Flexural strength and modulus of the products and also shear strength of bonding were measured using three-point bending test, and their failure mechanisms were evaluated using optical microscope images. Also, the effects of aluminum layer and aluminum/composite laminates bonding on the dynamic properties of the fiber metal laminates were studied using Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis. It was concluded that mechanical roughening of the aluminum sheet has the maximum effect on the aluminum/matrix bonding strength such that simultaneous fracture of composite laminates and aluminum layer in the bending condition was observed in the produced fiber metal laminates without any delamination.

The flexural and impact behavior of the laminated aluminum-epoxy/basalt fibers composites containing nanoclay: An experimental investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1931-1951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Bahari-Sambran ◽  
Reza Eslami-Farsani ◽  
Shabnam Arbab Chirani
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Aluminum Sheets ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fiber Metal

In this study, the effect of different weight percents of modified/unmodified nanoclay particles on the flexural and impact properties of fiber–metal laminates made of 2024-T3 aluminum sheets and basalt fibers as the reinforcements and epoxy as the matrix was investigated. As a first step, the surface of nanoclay particles was modified by the silane-coupling agent. The creation of the functional groups on the surface of nanoclay particles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The modified nanoclay with different weight percents of 0, 1, 3, and 5 was added into the epoxy matrix; then, for the better distribution and dispersion of nanoparticles in the matrix, the mechanical and ultra-sonication machines were used. Also, to ensure better interaction and adherence between the matrix and the aluminum sheets, the mechanical and chemical treatments were conducted. Then, the mixture of epoxy and nanoclay with woven basalt fibers and aluminum sheets was used to fabricate fiber–metal laminates. To survey the effect of these nanoparticles on the mechanical properties, the three-point bending test and the high-velocity impact test were used. The results showed that the maximum effect of adding nanoclay particles on the flexural and impact behavior was obtained by using 3 wt.% of the modified nanoclay. These properties of fiber–metal laminates, which contained the 3 wt.% unmodified nanoclay, were weakened in comparison to a similar specimen containing the modified nanoclay. Furthermore, the flexural modulus was enhanced by increasing the weight percent of the nanoparticles. Also, to investigate the fracture mechanism, the field emission scanning electron microscope was used. The microscopic images revealed that adding nanoclay particles led to the improvement of the interaction between the matrix and basalt fibers, thereby improving the flexural and impact properties.

An experimental investigation on infusion time and strength of fiber metal laminates made by vacuum infusion process

2020 ◽  
pp. 146442072094189
Author(s):  
Soheil Dariushi ◽  
Sepideh Farahmandnia ◽  
Amir Masoud Rezadoust
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Aluminum Layer ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Vacuum Infusion ◽  
Composite Layers ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminate ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Manufacturing Time ◽  
Vacuum Infusion Process

The vacuum infusion process can be used to fabricate fiber metal laminates with reduced manufacturing time and cost. In this method, the holes in the aluminum layers are created due to the better flow of the resin and to ensure that the fibers are completely impregnated. Created holes can cause problems in using these fiber metal laminates. For example, structural strength is reduced and some parts of the composite layers are exposed to environmental conditions. A proper solution to these problems has been proposed and investigated in this article. If a non-perforated aluminum layer is used as the first layer to be in contact with the mold, this layer becomes the outer layer of the structure made of fiber metal laminates. This non-symmetric fiber metal laminate will still be resistant to moisture and other environmental conditions due to the presence of an intact aluminum layer on the outermost layer, such as conventional fiber metal laminates. This aluminum layer also increases the strength of fiber metal laminates in comparison with fiber metal laminates that its all aluminum layers are perforated. In this paper, the effect of holes diameter of aluminum layers on the resin flow rate (consequently the duration of the fabrication) and the mechanical strength of the structure were investigated. The results showed that holes in the upper and middle layers of aluminum can significantly increase the speed of fabrication, but the presence of the holes causes a slight decrease in the final strength of the sample.

scholarly journals Investigation into Forming Limits of Multi-Layer Hybrid Sheets with different Materials in the Middle

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichen Liu ◽  
Lihui Lang ◽  
Shiwei Guan ◽  
Sergei Alexandrov ◽  
Yipan Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Fiber Material ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Aluminum Composite ◽  
Blank Holder ◽  
Carbon Fiber Material ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Fiber Materials ◽  
Selection Of

Fiber-metal laminates (FMLs) such as Kevlar reinforced aluminum laminate (ARALL), Carbon reinforced aluminum laminate (CARALL), and Glass reinforced aluminum laminate (GLARE) offer great potential for weight reduction applications in automobile and aerospace construction. In order to investigate the feasibility for utilizing such materials in the form of laminates, sheet hydro-bulging tests are studied under the condition of uniform blank holder force for three-layered aluminum and aluminum-composite laminates using orthogonal carbon and Kevlar as well as glass fiber in the middle. The experimental results validate the finite element results and they exhibited that the forming limit of glass fiber in the middle is the highest among the studied materials, while carbon fiber material performs the worst. Furthermore, the crack modes are different for the three kinds of fiber materials investigated in the research. This study provides fundamental guidance for the selection of multi-layer sheet materials in the future manufacturing field.

scholarly journals Analysis of the bending and failure of fiber metal laminates based on glass and carbon fibers

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Ostapiuk ◽  
Jarosław Bieniaś ◽  
Barbara Surowska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Composite Layer ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Aluminum Layer ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Aluminum Sheets ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
Metal Layers

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms of cracking and failure in fiber metal laminates (FMLs) subjected to 3-point bending. Two types of laminates, based on the glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy composites, were selected for the study. The paper presents the failures of matrix and fibers as well as the effects of different thicknesses of metal layers on the tested laminates. The mechanisms of failure observed for the two tested types of fibers with uniform thickness of aluminum sheets seem similar. The results demonstrate that the tested laminates exhibit the following failure modes: fiber breakage, matrix cracking, fiber/matrix debonding, delamination, and anodic layer failure. Given the behavior of aluminum under the compressive and tensile stresses, the aluminum layer acts as a barrier preventing FML failure during bending. In addition to aluminum layer thickness, the fiber type and composite layer directions are also important factors to be considered.

Effects of various aluminum surface treatments on the basalt fiber metal laminates interlaminar adhesion

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Aghamohammadi ◽  
S. Navid Hosseini Abbandanak ◽  
Reza Eslami-Farsani ◽  
S.M. Hossein Siadati
Keyword(s):  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Aluminum Surface ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Fiber Metal

Tensile mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of multihole fiber metal laminates—Experimental characterization and numerical prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 499-519
Author(s):  
Wentao He ◽  
Changzi Wang ◽  
Shuqing Wang ◽  
Lu Yao ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Progressive Damage ◽  
Fiber Metal Laminates ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Final Failure ◽  
Fiber Metal

This work mainly investigates the effects of the hole number and layer direction on the tensile mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of multihole fiber metal laminates by experimental and numerical methods. With the aid of digital image correlation technique, tensile tests are implemented to obtain mechanical responses of different multihole fiber metal laminates. Subsequently, numerical simulation considering thermal residual stress is conducted to elucidate the failure modes and progressive damage evolution of multihole fiber metal laminates, which integrates the progressive damage model of composite laminates and a cohesive zone model between aluminum sheet/composite laminates. Finally, numerical predictions are found in a good agreement with experimental measurements, in terms of mechanical responses and fracture morphologies. Results demonstrate that the number of holes has negligible influence on the ultimate tensile strength, whereas affects the final failure strain of multihole fiber metal laminates evidently. With the increase of layer direction, the fracture morphology changes from evident brittle fracture to fiber pull-out and matrix damage, which indicates that the critical failure mechanism of multihole fiber metal laminates changes from tension dominated to tension–shear dominated. Additionally, the longer loading history from initial damage to final failure of composite laminates demonstrates the significance of considering progressive damage behavior in numerical simulation.

Investigation and analysis of glass fabric/PVC composite laminates processing parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Zal ◽  
Hassan Moslemi Naeini ◽  
Ahmad Reza Bahramian ◽  
Amir Hossein Behravesh ◽  
Behnam Abbaszadeh
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Matrix Degradation ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract In this work, the effects of processing parameters including temperature, time, and pressure on the properties of amorphous polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/fiberglass thermoplastic composite laminates were evaluated. The film stacking and hot pressing procedure was used to produce the composite laminates, and samples with [0/90]10 layup and thickness of 3 mm were produced. Flexural strength and modulus of the samples were measured using three-point bending test (according to ASTM D790 standard test method), and microscopic images were used to evaluate the failure mechanisms and impregnation quality. The effects of the parameters on the strength were studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and it was found that processing temperature has the maximum effect on the products strength and increase of the temperature up to 230°C increases the flexural strength while more increase of temperature results in the matrix degradation and strength reduction. Also, processing time improves the wetting and impregnation quality; however, more increase of the processing time results in the matrix degradation and excessive reduction of the strength.

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