scholarly journals Genetic Variation in Seed Size and Germination Patterns and their Effect on White Spruce Seedling Characteristics

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Carles ◽  
M. S. Lamhamedi ◽  
J. Beaulieu ◽  
D. C. Stowe ◽  
F. Colas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
The Family ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Seedling Characteristics

AbstractWe determined the degree to which families differ in seed and germination characteristics and examined the extent to which these characteristics influence the early growth of 75 open-pollinated white spruce families. Seed characteristics (1000-seed weight, length, width, area, volume) were measured for 400 seeds per family. Germination variables (germination capacity, peak value, germination value) were determined for each of the 75 families under controlled conditions and germination patterns were modelled using the Weibull function. Seedling characteristics (height, diameter, shoot and root dry weights) were measured at the end of the first and second growing seasons under standard nursery cultural practices. Statistically significant family variation (p < 0.0001) was found for all seed characteristics and germination variables measured. The between-family variance explained 23% to 98% of the total variance of morphological and physiological seed characteristics. Family differences at the seed stage explained up to 33% (root dry weight) and 12% (shoot dry weight) of the family differences observed at the one-year and two-year seedling stages, respectively. Since, in this study based on a comparison of family means, a maximum of only 12% of the family differences observed at the two-year seedling stage were explained by the effect of seed size, a selection for families with better juvenile characteristics could be envisaged without considering the maternal effect of seed size.

Effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, seedling vigour and tolerance of summer turnip rape (Brassica rapa) to flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp.

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Elliott ◽  
L. W. Mann ◽  
O. O. Olfert
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Beetle Damage

A 3-yr study was conducted on three synthetic Brassica rapa L. cultivars to determine the effects of seed size and seed weight on seedling establishment, seedling growth and susceptibility to feeding damage by flea beetles, Phyllotreta spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Seed lots of AC Boreal, Fairview and Hysyn 110 were sieved to obtain small, medium and large seeds (1.4–1.6, 1.6–1.8 and 1.8–2.0 mm, respectively). In the laboratory, seedlings grown from large seeds had the largest cotyledons, highest shoot dry weight and highest biomass. Shoot weights increased as seed size increased. Sized seeds of the three cultivars were grown in the field without insecticides in 1998–2000. Seedlings of small seeds had the highest flea beetle damage and poorest seedling establishment. Shoot dry weight and biomass 14–35 d after planting increased as seed size and seed weight increased. Compared with small seeds, large seeds improved shoot dry weight, biomass and seed yield by 13–43, 25–57 and 12%, respectively. Results indicated that seedlings of medium and large seeds are more vigorous and tolerant to flea beetle damage than seedlings of small seeds. Tolerance was due to a higher initial seedling weight rather than higher relative growth rate. Shoot dry weights, biomass and yield of the three cultivars were more strongly correlated with 1000-seed weight than with seed diameter. Key words: Canola, flea beetles, seed size, seedling vigour, tolerance, seed weight

scholarly journals Cutless Controls Shoot Growth of ‘China Girl’ Holly

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
G.J. Keever ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
D.J. Eakes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Container Production

Abstract Ilex x meserveae ‘China Girl’ plants were sprayed with a single application of different rates of Cutless (flurprimidol) during container production. Growth index, shoot length and shoot dry weight decreased with increasing rates of Cutless. Growth index of plants treated with 500 ppm Cutless was about 17% less than that of control plants 120 days after treatment, but were similar after the spring flush the following year. Growth inhibition persisted for at least two growing seasons when plants were treated with rates of 1500 to 2500 ppm; foliage of these plants was smaller and more cupped than that of control plants. Treated plants were noticeably more compact and uniform, and foliage was darker green than that of control plants.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in the growth of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) provenance-progeny test: Comparing study in the nursery and field

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEDE J SUDRAJAT ◽  
YULIANTI YULIANTI ◽  
EVAYUSVITA RUSTAM ◽  
ICHSAN SUWANDHI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
The Family ◽  
Collar Diameter

Abstract. Sudrajat DJ, Yulianti, Danu, Rustam E, Suwandhi I. 2019. Genetic diversity in the growth of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) provenance-progeny test: Comparing study in the nursery and field. Biodiversitas 20: 1325-1332. Results of the provenance-progeny test in seedling and field test of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) at Parung Panjang, Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia are reported and discussed. Twelve provenances representing 105 families were tested in nursery and field using randomized complete block design. Seedling height, root collar diameter, sturdiness quotient, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and shoot-root ratio was measured at four months, while as the growth assessment was carried out on survival, height and stem diameter at the age of 2 and 4 years. The result showed that genetic variation was found to be higher among families within provenances than the variation among provenances for all parameters indicating the family effect had the highest contribution on the growth and survival. Based on family and provenance mean, most of the seedling parameters were significantly correlated with the others, but most of seedling parameters were not significantly correlated with plant growth at 2 and 4 years. The longitudinal cline was significantly correlated with shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and shoot-root ratio indicated that the white jabon seeding parameters in natural populations may have greater in humid (higher precipitation) than in drier locations. This was likely to suggest that the family or provenance selections based on seedling growth in the nursery may not be very effective because heritability of most growth variables is likely to be low.

Influence of cultural practices on the relationship between frost tolerance and water content of containerized black spruce, white spruce, and jack pine seedlings

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Calmé ◽  
Hank A. Margolis ◽  
Francine J. Bigras
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Short Days

Two experiments were performed to study how cultural practices influenced the relationship between frost tolerance and water content of black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), and jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) seedlings. In the first experiment, first-year black spruce seedlings were subjected to 14-d mid-August treatments of short days of 8 h or to natural day length, during which time seedlings were either irrigated or not. In the second experiment, first-year white spruce, black spruce, and jack pine seedlings were fertilized at two levels, normal or double, during the growing season. In the fall, we followed the evolution of frost tolerance, water content (dry weight to fresh weight ratio), height and diameter growth, bud formation, and mineral concentrations of shoots and roots. In the first experiment, short days accelerated frost acclimation, drop in water content, and bud formation. Short days with no irrigation triggered the cessation of height growth. In the second experiment, normal fertilization slightly improved frost tolerance in white spruce. Diameter growth (except for white spruce) and bud formation were enhanced by high nitrogen concentration, whereas no significant effect of fertilization could be found on height growth and water content. In both experiments, the relationship between frost tolerance and water content was independent of treatments and indicated that nontolerant seedlings (lethal temperature for 50% of the seedlings > −10 °C) had dry weight to fresh weight ratios of less than 30% for the three species. Thus, this rapid method of evaluating frost tolerance could be useful to seedling producers in eastern Canada and might be applicable to other species in other regions as well.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTSTO ESTABLISH KIWANO (CUCUMIS METULIFERUS L.) AS A SPECIAL TY CROP FOR MISSOURI

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 270G-270
Author(s):  
Dyremple B. Marsh ◽  
Steve Maledy
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Efforts to produce specialty crops by Missouri farmers have been met with varying success. This success is reduced by the lack of established cultural practices necessary for the economic production of these crops. Ten kiwano plant introductions obtained from the Central Regional Plant Introduction Station in Ames, Iowa, were planted in the greenhouse. Seedling vigor was determined by shoot length, shoot dry weight, and number of leaves produced. Uniform seedlings from each accession were transplanted in the field with within row spacings of 0.9 m and 1.3 m. Seedling vigor varied significantly between accessions. Yields of field grown kiwano were affected by plant spacing, with the closer spaced plants having the higher yields. Plant spacing had no effect on fruit color, fruit length, or fruit width. Incidents of fusarium wilt were prevalent at both plant spacings.

scholarly journals Containerized Muskmelon Transplants: Cell Volume Effects on Pretransplant Development and Subsequent Yield

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Maynard ◽  
Charles S. Vavrina ◽  
W. Dennis Scott
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Seedling Leaf ◽  
Volume Effects

Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. cvs. Superstar and Mission) transplants were grown in cellular seedling trays of polystyrene or styrofoam, with individual cells ranging in volume from 7 to 100 cm3, transplanted to the field, and grown to maturity in Florida and Indiana during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons. Seedling leaf area, shoot and root weights before transplanting, and shoot dry weight 20 days after transplanting increased linearly with increasing cell volume in Florida. Thirty days after transplanting, vine length showed significant linear and quadratic trends with respect to cell volume in Indiana. In Florida, early and total yields increased linearly as transplant cell volume increased for `Mission' in both years and for `Superstar' in 1994. In Indiana, early yields increased linearly as transplant cell volume increased for `Mission' in 1994 and for `Superstar' in both years, but cell volume did not consistently affect total yield. Transplant tray effects on early and total yield unrelated to linear or quadratic effects of cell volume occurred in both locations, but these effects were not consistent.

scholarly journals Growth Analysis of Two Pea Cultivars as Influenced by Planting Date

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 785E-785
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. Alsadon
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Attributes

`Lincoln' and `Rondo' pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L. subsp. hortense) were planted at early, midseason, and late dates during 1989–90 and 1990–91 growing seasons. Plant growth analysis data were collected via weekly harvests throughout the growing season. Plant height, leaf area, and shoot dry weight were measured, and LAI, SLA, and SLW were also determined. Derived growth quantities such as RGR, NAR, and CGR were calculated. `Rondo' plants were taller, larger in leaf area, had more vegetative and dry weight, and were earlier in flowering than `Lincoln' plants. Leaf area was not significantly affected by planting date. Optimum LAI was obtained between harvests 7 and 9, which coincides with the time of highest values of NAR and CGR. Significant correlation coefficients were obtained between growth attributes in both seasons, and, in most cases, for all planting dates.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF MULCHES ON NURSERY SEEDBEDS OF WHITE SPRUCE

1965 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Rye Straw ◽  
A Minor

Several kinds of seedbed mulch were used in an experiment to study frost heaving of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in a nursery. Treatments consisted of silica gravel (of three sizes), hardwood sawdust, vermiculite, shredded sphagnum, mixed silica and sphagnum, and rye straw (the regular nursery mulch). These were applied to beds sown in the fall of 1958, 1959 and I960. Shading of beds during the winter between the first and second growing seasons was also examined.During the first growing season, several counts were made of the number of trees and weeds. At the beginning of the second growing season a count was made of the trees heaved and the residual stand. At the beginning of the third growing season, samples were taken for laboratory measurements of top length, root length, stem diameter, oven-dry weight and top-root ratio.The sawdust mulch was superior in most respects. It permitted the highest germination and survival, better prevention of heaving than rye straw, and better weed control than rye straw. Although the sawdust mulch treatment produced small and poorly balanced trees this was believed due chiefly to high bed density, and compared favourably with the rye straw. The use of hardwood sawdust as a mulch offered considerable advantage over the presently used rye-straw.Heaving was found to be a minor cause of mortality over the three year period examined. Shading of the beds offered no advantage in reducing this loss.

Response of kabuli chickpea to seed size and planting depth

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Gan ◽  
P. R. Miller ◽  
C. L. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Small Seed

The use of small seed can reduce the production costs of kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) 15 to 25% by reducing the amount of seed needed per unit area, but little is known about the effects of seed size on stand establishment, plant growth, and seed yield in semiarid environments. We conducted a field study in southwest Saskatchewan from 1998 to 2000 and determined the chickpea responses to seed size under different planting depths. Crops grown from small (7.1–9.0 mm) diameter seed required the same number of days to emerge (16.7 d) and mature (106 d) as those from large (9.1–11.0 mm) diameter seed. There were no differences in plant establishment, shoot dry weight, pod production, or seed yield between the two seed sizes when planted at a 50-mm depth. However, the small-seeded crop produced 7% lower plant stand, 4% lower seed yield, and 3% less seed 1799-mm diameter compared to the large-seeded crop when planted at a 100-mm depth (P < 0.05). Large-seed ed chickpea plants were 20 mm (4%) taller, and the height of the lowest pods from the soil surface was 11 to 13 mm (5%) higher than those from the small seed, suggesting an improvement of harvestability. In general, planting depth did not affect seedling emergence, shoot dry weight, or seed yield, but when small seed was used, chickpea sown at the 50-mm depth increased seed yield by 6% compared to that at the 100-mm depth. Kabuli chickpea produced an average of >20 pods plant-1, with 77% of them containing one seed per pod, 10% with two seeds per pod, and the remainder containing no seed; this ratio of pod fertility was independent of seed size or planting depth. Our results indicate that the use of small seed and shallow planting can reduce the production costs of chickpea by $31 to $52 ha-1 without a seed yield penalty. This level of saving in production far exceeds the otherwise increased value of $4 to $6 ha-1 with the use of large seed which produces a higher (3%) proportion of ≥ 9-mm diameter seed. Key words: Seedling emergence, seed mass, pod production, Cicer arietinum L.

Sensitivity to, and accumulation of, cadmium in Betula pendula, Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris seedlings from different regions in Sweden

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 1440-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Helén Österås ◽  
Lars Ekvall ◽  
Maria Greger
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Southern Central

This study compared the sensitivity to, and uptake and distribution of, cadmium (Cd) in three tree species, Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and European white birch (Betula pendula Roth), as well as different populations of these species. Seedlings of each species from three regions (southern, central, and northern parts of Sweden) were cultivated in nutrient solution and treated with varying concentrations of Cd. Sensitivity was determined by using the Weibull function on root and shoot dry weight and root length measurements. Cd uptake and translocation were analysed. The results on root sensitivity revealed that birch and spruce were the least and most sensitive species, respectively, to both the external and tissue levels of Cd. In terms of shoot sensitivity, however, birch was the only species affected by Cd, i.e., the most sensitive species. Pine and birch had similar Cd uptake, while spruce had lower uptake and translocation of Cd compared with the others. There were also differences in sensitivity within the species. The central ecotype of all species tended to be the most Cd resistant. The central ecotype of spruce and birch had the lowest Cd uptake, whereas the central ecotype of spruce and pine had the lowest translocation of Cd to the shoot.Key words: birch, cadmium, pine, sensitivity, spruce, uptake.

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