The content and solubility of lead in arable soils of the Podlasie Province (eastern Poland)

AbstractThe aim of the study was the estimation of total content of lead and its fraction in arable soils and permanent grassland of Podlasie Province, eastern Poland. The research material included 104 soil samples from Podlasie Province, which were collected in years 2011–2013 from the topsoil (0–30 cm) after plant harvest. The following basic physicochemical properties of soil samples were determined: granulometric composition, organic carbon content and pH in 1 mol·dm−3KCl solution. Based on the granulometric composition soils were divided into three groups: very light and light, medium and organic soils. The total lead and its content in fractions was determined by means of GFAAS technique using Varian AA-100 apparatus. The fractions of lead were extracted by BCR method. In the case of very light and light soils the lowest percentage share of Pb on average was noted in exchangeable fraction (16.3% of total content) and the highest in fraction bound to Fe/Mn oxides (43.5%). Similarly in medium and organic soils the highest amount of Pb was stated in reducible fraction, 43.7 and 41.3% of total content, respectively, and the lowest in exchangeable fraction, 16.5 and 12.2%, respectively. It was found that content of total lead was typical for arable uncontaminated soils.

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THE CONTENT OF TOTAL CADMIUM AND ITS FRACTIONS IN ARABLE LAND OF THE PODLASIE PROVINCE

Polish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.17951/pjss.2015.48.1.31 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adam Łukowski ◽

Józefa Wiater

Keyword(s):

Fractional Composition ◽

Arable Land ◽

Total Content ◽

Magnesium Content ◽

Residual Fraction ◽

Cadmium Content ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Bcr Method ◽

Soil Fraction ◽

Reducible Fraction

The aim of this study was estimation of total cadmium content and its fractional composition in arable soils, depending on their physicochemical properties. The research material consisted of samples taken from arable soil in 81 points within then Podlasie Province. The content of total cadmium in soils and its fractional composition was determined with the BCR method. It was found that the total content of cadmium was typical for uncontaminated soils and ranged from 0.11 to 1.59 mg kg-1. The percentage of acid in the soluble and exchangeable fraction fluctuated at around 10% on average. The reducible fraction comprised about 20% and oxidizable fraction 26%, on average. Most of the cadmium was in the residual fraction. The factors that influenced the fractional composition of cadmium were determined. For the very light and light soils it was mainly the content of magnesium and pH, while for medium soils it was the organic carbon and magnesium content, content of soil fraction <0.02 mm, as well as the percentage of Cd in reducible fraction. Celem pracy było określenie zawartości ogólnej kadmu i jego składu frakcyjnego w glebach ornych w zależności od ich właściwości fizykochemicznych. Badania wykonano w oparciu o 81 próbek gleb uprawnych pobranych w woj. podlaskim. Określono w nich zawartość ogólną kadmu i jego skład frakcyjny metodą BCR. Zawartość ogólna kadmu była typowa dla gleb niezanieczyszczonych i wahała się w przedziale od 0,11 do 1,59 mg kg-1. Udział kadmu we frakcji rozpuszczalnej w kwasach i wymienialnej wynosił średnio około 10%, we frakcji redukowalnej średnio około 20% i we frakcji utlenialnej średnio 26%. Najwięcej kadmu zgromadziła frakcja rezydualna. Określono czynniki, które wpływały na dystrybucję kadmu pomiędzy frakcjami. W przypadku gleb bardzo lekkich i lekkich największy wpływ miała zawartość magnezu i pH, a w przypadku gleb średnich zawartość magnezu, węgla organicznego, frakcji spławianych i udział procentowy kadmu we frakcji redukowalnej.

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Fractions of heavy metals in the soil of the urban agglomeration with increased traffic

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184400103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 00103

Author(s):

Monika Łukawska ◽

Małgorzata Widłak ◽

Agata Widłak

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Total Content ◽

Nickel Concentration ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Sequential Fractionation ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Bcr Method ◽

Research Areas ◽

University Of Technology ◽

Direct Location

The paper presents the results of research on the content of selected heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni) depending on pH, organic carbon content and soil sorption in the direct location of busy streets around the campus of the Kielce University of Technology. Based on the conducted studies of the sequential fractionation of metals by the BCR method was found that the highest content of nickel fraction FI (exchangeable) was 142.75 mg/kg. However, the total nickel concentration in all research areas exceeded the value specified in the Journal of Laws approx. 2 times. The lowest content from the analyzed metals in the surface layer of soil was found for zinc, the content of which was 1.5% in relation to the standard. The average percentage share of the analyzed metals in the separated fractions, in relation to the total content, was in decreasing series for Ni: FIII > FI> FII> FIV; for Pb: FII > FI > FIV > FIII; for Cu: FII > FI > FIII > FIV and for Zn: FII > FIII > FI > FIV. The studied soils are characterized by a varied granulometric composition of sand fraction, from very thick (1000 μm–2000 μm) to very fine 2 μm–50 μm). Statistical calculations showed that the pH, Corg content and sorptivity of the studied soil correlate with each other.

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The influence of biochar on the content of carbon and the chemical transformations of fallow and grassland humic acids

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85239-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marta Cybulak ◽

Zofia Sokołowska ◽

Patrycja Boguta

Keyword(s):

Humic Acids ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Chemical Transformations ◽

Limited Information ◽

Grassland Soils ◽

Low Degree ◽

Humification Degree

AbstractThere is limited information regarding the effect of biochar (BioC) on the fertility of fallow and grassland soils, as well as on the properties of their humic acids (HAs). The objective of this study was to evaluate with a 3-year field experiment the influence of BioC on the organic matter (OM) in Haplic Luvisol. BioC (obtained via wood waste pyrolysis at 650 °C) was applied to the soil of subplots under fallow and grassland at doses of 0, 1, 2 and 3 kg m−2. The soil samples were collected eight times. The physicochemical properties were determined for the soil and BioC by analysing the density, pH, surface charge, ash, and organic carbon content. Based on the changes in the structure of the HAs and their quantity in the soils, the chemical properties of the HAs were determined. The maximum BioC dose caused an increase in the content of Corg and HAs. BioC did not influence the humification degree coefficients of the HAs originated from fallow, whereas in the grassland, there were significant changes observed in these coefficient values, indicating that BioC may stimulate and accelerate the humification process of soil HAs. Increasing the BioC doses caused an increase in the soil’s HA content, suggesting an increase in soil sorption capacity. The fluorescence data showed BioC addition to the soil caused an increase in the number of structures characterised by low molecular weight and a low degree of humification.

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Research on the Morphological of Lead and Zinc in the Smelting Slag

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1088.200 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1088 ◽

pp. 200-205

Author(s):

Lin Yu ◽

Dong Wei Li

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sequential Extraction ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Total Content ◽

Residual Fraction ◽

Bcr Sequential Extraction ◽

Lead And Zinc ◽

Smelting Slag ◽

Reducible Fraction

In this paper analysed the forms of heavy metals (Zn Pb Cd and As) of the Smelting Slag for Lead and Zinc,using BCR sequential extraction. Different chemical morphological of heavy metals have different activity and harmfulness. Migration and Utilization of heavy metals were decided by the existent form of heavy metals in the soil,which influenced Bioactivity and Toxicity. The results show that the main forms of Zn and Cd are Oxidizable and Residual fraction, and Pb mainly occurred in Oxidizable and Reducible fraction. however, As mainly occurred in Residual fraction, which the percentage of reachs 99.56%. According to the percentage of fractions extracted in total content (As is 0.44%, Zn is 14.7%, Pb is 85.98%, Cd is 48.86%),the latent ecological risk of heavy metals varied in the descending order of,Pb Cd Zn and As.

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Effect of Tillage System and Organic Matter Management Interactions on Soil Chemical Properties and Biological Activity in a Spring Wheat Short-Time Cultivation

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14217451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 7451

Author(s):

Barbara Breza-Boruta ◽

Karol Kotwica ◽

Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Tillage System ◽

Short Time

Properly selected tillage methods and management of the available organic matter resources are considered important measures to enable farming in accordance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Depending on the depth and intensity of cultivation, tillage practices affect soil chemical composition, structure and biological activity. The three-year experiment was performed on the soil under spring wheat (cv. Tybalt) short-time cultivation. The influence of different tillage systems and stubble management on the soil’s chemical and biological parameters was analyzed. Organic carbon content (OC); content of biologically available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), and magnesium (Mg); content of total nitrogen (TN), mineral nitrogen forms: N-NO3 and N-NH4 were determined in various soil samples. Moreover, the total number of microorganisms (TNM), bacteria (B), actinobacteria (A), fungi (F); soil respiratory activity (SR); and pH in 1 M KCl (pH) were also investigated. The results show that organic matter amendment is of greater influence on soil characteristics than the tillage system applied. Manure application, as well as leaving the straw in the field, resulted in higher amounts of organic carbon and biologically available potassium. A significant increase in the number of soil microorganisms was also observed in soil samples from the experimental plots including this procedure.

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State of Heavy Metals Pollution of Flooded Agricultural Land in the North Part of Republic of Srpska

Агрознање ◽

10.7251/agren1601019p ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Tihomir Predić ◽

Petra Nikić Nauth ◽

Bojana Radanović ◽

Alen Predić

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Soil Contamination ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Total Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

The North ◽

North Part ◽

Grid Points ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

This paper presents the results of the research of soil contamination in flooded area located at the confluence of Bosna and Sava rivers. The sampling was performed according to a network of points Etrs89 reference European Network based on grid points of 500 m x 500 m. The total number of soil samples was 31 and 13 samples of sediment-mud. In the soil samples and sediment-mud samples various parameters were analyzed: pH H2O and 1 M KCl, humus (method by Tjurin), and the readily available phosphorus and potassium (AL method). The interpretation of total content of heavy metals in the soil was conducted according to Dutch Soil Remediation Circular (2009). The samples were analyzed for the total content of heavy metals: Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu (aqua regia digestion, AAS) and the elevated concentrations of Ni. However, Ni content in mud was from 240.5 mg/kg to 294.5 mg/kg, in soil it was from 128.9 mg/kg to 452.1 mg/kg. All mud samples were alkaline, and 79% of soil samples were alkaline and of neutral reaction. The analysis indicated that the flood in May 2014 was not caused by soil contamination with heavy metals, which however contributed to the increase of the overall content of these elements in the soil.

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Microbial soil characteristics of grassland and arable soils linked to thermogravimetry data: correlations, use and limits

10.5194/soil-2021-109 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Helena Doležalová-Weissmannová ◽

Stanislav Malý ◽

Martin Brtnický ◽

Jiří Holátko ◽

Michael Scott Demyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Arable Soils ◽

Grassland Soils ◽

Simple Method ◽

Organic C ◽

Mass Losses ◽

C And N

Abstract. Thermogravimetry (TG) is a simple method that enables rapid analysis of soil properties such as the content of total organic C, nitrogen, clay and C fractions with different stability. However, the possible link between TG data and microbiological soil properties has not been systematically tested yet and limits TG application for soil and soil organic matter assessment. This work aimed to search and to validate relationships of thermal mass losses (TML) to total C and N contents, microbial biomass C and N, basal and substrate-induced respiration, extractable organic carbon content, anaerobic ammoniﬁcation, urease activity, short-term nitriﬁcation activity, speciﬁc growth rate, and time to reach the maximum respiration rate for two sample sets of arable and grassland soils. Analyses of the training soil set revealed signiﬁcant correlations of TML with basic soil properties such as carbon and nitrogen content with distinguishing linear regression parameters and temperatures of correlating mass losses for arable and grassland soils. In a second stage the equations of signiﬁcant correlations were used for validation with an independent second sample set. This conﬁrmed applicability of developed equations for prediction of microbiological properties mainly for arable soils. For grassland soils was the applicability lower, which was explained as the inﬂuence of rhizosphere processes. Nevertheless, the application of TG can facilitate the understanding of changes in soil caused by microorganism’s activity and the different regression equations between TG and soil parameters reﬂect changes in proportions between soil components caused by land use management.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE SOILS FROM THE TIDAL FLAT AREAS OF MUSI BANYUASIN, SOUTH SUMATRA

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v2n1.2001.p10-26 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B.H. Prasetyo ◽

S. Suping ◽

Subagyo H. ◽

Mujiono Mujiono ◽

H. Suhardjo

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Tidal Flat ◽

Amorphous Materials ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Moisture Regime ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Rice Soils ◽

Specific Chemical ◽

Very High

Tidal flats in the Musi Banyuasin region that cover more than 200,000 ha are the largest area for agricultural development in South Sumatra Province. Only about a half of this has been used for tidal swamp rice fields, therefore, the other half needs to be developed. To obtain a better understanding of their properties for appropriate soil management, soil characteristics of the area need to be studied. To characterize the soil, thirty-four soil samples from seven soil profiles were analyzed for their chemical and mineralogical composition at the laboratories of the Center for Soil and Agroclimate Research and Development. The results indicate that soils from the tidal flat areas have an aquic soil moisture regime, the upper parts of the soils are mostly ripe, and most of the pedons show the presence of sulfidic materials below 65 cm of the mineral soil surface. The soils are classified as Sulfic Endoaquept (P1, P2), Histic Sulfaquent (P3), Typic Sulfaquept (P4), Fluvaquentic Endoaquept (P5), and Sulfic Hydraquent (P6, P7). Mineral composition of the sand fraction is dominated by quartz, while the clay minerals consist of predominantly kaolinite, mixed with small amount of smectite, illite, quartz, and crystoballite. Organic carbon content is high to very high, potential phosphate content of most pedons ranges from very low to medium, while potential potassium content varies from very low to medium in the upper layers and medium to very high in the bottom layers. Phosphate retention of topsoil sample varies from 56 to 97%, and is positively correlated (r2 = 0.73) with aluminum from amorphous materials. Exchangeable cations are dominated by Mg cation, and in all pedons cation exchange capacity values are medium to very high, and seem to be influenced by organic carbon. Specific chemical properties, particularly soil pH and content of exchangeable aluminum exhibit a significant change about 1-2 months after soil samples were taken from the field. Theoretically, interaction between good water management and fertilizer application are among the choices of management to make these soils productive.

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Estimation of selected properties of forest soils using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR)

Soil Science Annual ◽

10.1515/ssa-2016-0005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 32-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mateusz Kania ◽

Piotr Gruba

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Near Infrared ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Calibration Model ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Spectra Analysis

Abstract The study was focused on the application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) as a tool for evaluation of selected properties of forest soils. We analysed 144 soil samples from the topsoil of nine plots located in southern Poland. Six plots were established under pine stands, and three plots under oak stands. The NIR measurements were performed using Antharis II FT scanner. On the basis of the spectrum files obtained from scanning of 96 samples and the measurement results obtained for selected properties of the soil samples, we developed a calibration model. The model was validated using 48 independent samples. We attempted to estimate the following properties of forest soils: pH, C:N ratio, the organic carbon content (Ct), total nitrogen (Nt), clay content (Clay), base cation content (BC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and total acidity (TA). We conclude that estimation of soil properties using NIR method can be applied as additional (to laboratory analysis) or initial assessment of soil quality. Our results also suggest that forest species composition may affect the mathematical model applied to NIR spectra analysis, however, this hypothesis needs some of further investigations.

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