Discourse module in mind: a biolinguistical hypothesis of macro-structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokuni Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Human Biology ◽  
The Core ◽  
Distinct Stage ◽  
The Right ◽  
Psychological Capacities ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Theoretical linguistics embraces the analytic micro-system of representation as the core of language ability, and thus deals primarily with the computations of phonology, morphology, and syntax for structural processes. Looking into recent progress in human biology, however, there have been continuous indications that the internalized language is organized for creating structural sequences larger than phrases and sentences. Research on the right cerebrum of the brain, for example, shows its neurological tasks for composing a coherent story while the studies of individuals with deficits in underpinning genotypes reveal disruptions in constructing narratives. Moreover, investigations of human evolution are compelled to acknowledge a mysterious gap in psychological capacities of Homo sapiens and their later descendant, Homo sapiens sapiens, implicating a distinct stage of the language origin beyond syntax. What all these pieces of neurobiological evidence suggest is that humans have been bestowed an inherent linguistic capability for computing the synthetic macro-system of representation.

Lying, Deception, and the Brain

2018 ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Alexa Decker ◽  
Amanda Disney ◽  
Brianna D'elia ◽  
Julian P. Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Human Evolution ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Behavioral Phenotype ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strong Emphasis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Brain

Deception is a common behavioral phenotype across species. Homo sapiens deceive at an excessive rate and in a manner that is truly unique. While the neural correlates for deception are fairly well known, larger questions remain, such as when did these neural networks emerge, and did deception have anything to do with the emergence of these specific neural substrates? Furthermore, little is known about the neural substrates of self-deception and the evolution of these networks. The summary of our knowledge is presented, with a strong emphasis on the social and metacognitive pressures that deception has put on human evolution. Future research possibilities are also discussed.

scholarly journals Peroxynitrite Formation in Focal Cerebral Ischemia—Reperfusion in Rats Occurs Predominantly in the Peri-Infarct Region

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoto Fukuyama ◽  
Shunya Takizawa ◽  
Hideyuki Ishida ◽  
Kiyotaka Hoshiai ◽  
Yukito Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Infarct Region ◽  
Tyrosine Residues ◽  
The Core ◽  
Middle Cerebral Arteries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
The Brain

Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) exhibits potent neurotoxicity and plays an important role in neu ronal death, but no evidence shows that it is formed in the brain during ischemia or subsequent reperfusion. To detect the formation of ONOO−, we used a hydrolysis/HPLC procedure to measure the formation of 3-nitro-l-tyrosine (NO2-Tyr), which is considered to reflect attack of ONOO− on l-tyrosine residues of cellular components in the brain. Focal ischemia was produced by occluding the right common carotid and right middle cerebral arteries for 2 hours, and the ischemic area was reperfused by reopening the middle cerebral artery. After 2 hours of ischemia, the values of the ratio of NO2-Tyr to l-tyrosine were 0% ± 0%, 0.42% ± 0.13% and 0.29% ± 0.10% in the noninfarct, periinfarct, and core-of-infarct regions, respectively. After 3 hours of reperfusion following 2 hours of ischemia, the ratio in the periinfarct region reached 0.89 ± 0.22%, which was significantly higher than that in the core-of-infarct region (0.35 ± 0.09%). The NO2-Tyr was not detected in 50 mg/kg of N-monomethyl-l-arginine–treated or sham-operated rats. Regional CBF in the periinfarct region decreased to 30.8 ± 15.9 mL/100 g/min during occlusion, but recovered more rapidly than did that in the core-of-infarct region.

scholarly journals About Sensations, Emotions and Feelings: A Contribution to the Theoretical Basis of Transactional Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Jane Maria Pancinha Costa
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Transactional Analysis ◽  
Core Concept ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ego States ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Humberto Maturana ◽  
The Brain

This article is intended to present new thinking and expansion of the knowledge of emotions and feelings within transactional analysis, through a dialogue between Eric Berne, Antonio Damasio and Humberto Maturana. From Berne comes the guiding framework of transactional analysis and the core concept of ego states. From Damasio comes the distinction between feeling, emotion and mood as well as an understanding of the organisation of the brain. From Maturana comes an understanding of the importance of emotions, particularly the emotion of love, in the process of human evolution. From this dialogue can be seen the foundation for the five primary emotions referred to within transactional analyis: anger, fear, sadness, joy and love. Finally, there is a proposal to update the concept of ego states in line with that dialogue. Citation - APA format:Costa, J. (2018). About Sensations, Emotions and Feelings: A Contribution to the Theoretical Basis of Transactional Analysis. International Journal of Transactional Analysis Research & Practice, 9(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.29044/v9i1p43  

What face familiarity feelings say about the lateralization of specific entities within the core system

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Core System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Temporal Structures ◽  
The Right

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

The Core of What the Brain Does

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Kreiner
Keyword(s):  
The Core ◽  
The Brain

The Cooking Ape: An Interview with Richard Wrangham

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
elisabeth townsend
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Primate Research ◽  
Social Organizations ◽  
Cooked Food ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Brain

Humans: The Cooking Ape Perhaps the first to suggest that humans were cooking as early as 1.9 million years ago, Richard Wrangham shows through his new research and his imagination how and possibly when cooking changed humans dramatically. Wrangham, Harvard University primatologist and MacArthur Fellow, has been studying the evolution of human cooking. After 25 years of primate research at his site in Kibale, Uganda, Wrangham is best known for explaining the similarity and differences across species of primate social organizations. In Kibale, he has analyzed chimpanzees’ behavior: how it’s changed when they interact with the environment and how their social groups have evolved. In particular, he noticed how food changed their interactions with each other. Like that of chimps, human behavior has been affected by food, especially as they shifted from raw to cooked food. Moving from eating food as it was discovered to collecting edibles and cooking them altered our social relationships. Cooked food has changed Homo sapiens physically by making food more digestible thereby altering jaws, teeth, and guts, and providing more calories for more expensive organs such as the brain. Wrangham discusses when and how humans may have started using fire to cook food, what they cooked, and the transition from cooking in an outdoor fire to hearths and open ovens.

ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE TRIGEMINAL AND COCHLEOVESTIBULAR SYSTEMS IN TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT PAIN DYSFUNCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
N.D. Sorokina ◽  
◽  
L.R. Shahalieva ◽  
S.S. Pertsov ◽  
L.V. Polma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Right ◽  
Distal Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

One of the most common causes of chronic pain in the facial region, including in the trigeminal nerve link, which is not associated with dental diseases, is pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. At the same time, there is evidence in the literature that there are relationships between pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, abnormal occlusion, cervical-muscular tonic phenomena, postural disorders, dysfunction of the Autonomous nervous system and cochleovestibular manifestations. At the same time, neurophysiological indicators of functional disorders in the maxillofacial region and intersystem interactions in pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint are insufficiently studied.Goal. The aim of the work is to evaluate the neurophysiological features of trigeminal afferentation in terms of trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSWP) and the auditory conducting system of the brain in terms of acoustic stem evoked potentials (ASVP) in distal occlusion of the dentition with pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in comparison with physiological occlusion in students 18-21 years old. Material and methods. The main study included 41 students with distal occlusion (21 girls and 20 boys), (grade II Engl, symmetrically right and left in 14 people, and grade II Engl on the left and grade I on the right in 12 people, grade I on the left and grade II on the right in 15 people). All respondents with distal occlusion and who were practically healthy signed an informed consent to participate in the study. We used complex orthodontic methods of examination, subjective degree of severity and intensity of pain in the TMJ, assessment of the Autonomous nervous system (samples and tests), and neurophysiological methods for assessing TSVP and ASVP. Results. Significant differences in ASEP parameters were found in the group of respondents with distal occlusion in the form of a decrease in the latency period of peak I, III, and V compared to physiological occlusion, that correlated with the subjective assessment (in points) of cochleovestibular disorders. According to the TSVP study, a decrease in the duration of latent periods was found, which indicates an increased excitability of non-specific brain stem structures at the medullo-ponto-mesencephalic level compared to the control group. Conclusions. The results obtained are supposed to be used for differential diagnostics, including such dental diseases as TMJ pain dysfunction, occlusion abnormalities accompanied by pain syndrome. Additional functional diagnostics of multi-modal VP of the brain (acoustic evoked potentials, trigeminal evoked potentials) can be performed in conjunction with indicators of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, with parameters of severity of clinical symptoms of cochleovestibular disorders, musculoskeletal dysfunction the maxillofacial area, with indicators of pain, which will determine the tactics and effectiveness of subsequent treatment.

The Fox Diet

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yochai Benkler ◽  
Robert Faris ◽  
Hal Roberts
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Justice Department ◽  
Fox News ◽  
The Core ◽  
Deep State ◽  
Media Ecosystem ◽  
Conservative Media ◽  
The Right

This chapter focuses on the role of the dominant player in conservative media, Fox News, during the first year of Donald Trump’s presidency. It looks at three case studies to illustrate how Fox News used its position at the core of the right-wing media ecosystem repeatedly to mount propaganda attacks in support of Trump: the Michael Flynn firing in March 2017, when Fox adopted the “deep state” framing of the entire controversy; the James Comey firing and Robert Mueller appointment in May 2017; when Fox propagated the Seth Rich murder conspiracy; and in October and November, when the arrests of Paul Manafort and guilty plea of Flynn seemed to mark a new level of threat to the president, Fox reframed the Uranium One story as an attack on the integrity of the FBI and Justice Department officials in charge of the investigation.

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