Revisiting unselected embedded questions in the light of Classical Greek wh-clauses

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-230
Author(s):  
Richard Faure
Keyword(s):  
Polarity Sensitivity ◽  
Embedded Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Evidence

Abstract This paper addresses the issue of the questions embedded under predicates normally selecting for propositions like know (unselected embedded questions UEQ). This problem was handled in Adger and Quer (Adger, David & Josep Quer. 2001. The syntax and semantics of unselected embedded questions. Language 77. 107–133) and Öhl (Öhl, Peter. 2007. Unselected embedded interrogatives in German and English : S-selection as dependency formation. Linguistische Berichte 212. 403–438). Both articles notice a difference between yes/no- and wh-questions. The distribution of the latter seems to be less restricted. However data from Classical Greek shed new light on the matter. Classical Greek uses two sets of wh-items in what looks like embedded questions (h- and t-). It is shown that h-clauses do not denote questions but propositions. The selection mismatch arises with t-clauses. They denote questions and have the same distribution as yes/no-questions. Moreover Classical Greek provides new evidence in favor of 1) the sensitivity of the UEQ to the polarity of the environment, building on Giannakidou’s (Giannakidou, Anastasia. 1998. Polarity sensitivity as (non) veridical dependency. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins) definition of nonveridicality; 2) the presence of a determiner on top of the UEQ as proposed in Adger and Quer (2001). The article argues nevertheless that the sensitivity is not due to the determiner, but to an operator going along with UEQs. It is shown that the determiner is a type-shifter turning the question into a proposition and thus repairing the apparent selection mismatch.

Feeling Good by Doing Good

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Mruk
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Authentic Self ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Evidence

Feeling Good by Doing Good: A Guide to Authentic Self-Esteem presents a new evidence-based approach to defining, understanding, and increasing self-esteem. The book translates decades of the author’s research and writing in the fields of self-esteem, positive psychology, and psychotherapy into everyday language. Its power comes from tracing the definition of self-esteem back to its very first use, which is based on doing that which is both just and right. Seen this way, self-esteem is not merely feeling good about oneself. Rather, it comes from actually doing something to earn that experience. In addition to distinguishing between low, defensive, and authentic self-esteem, the book helps readers consider the connections between self-esteem and positive psychology in regard to such topics as self-control, how self-esteem operates in domains of life such as school or work, how self-esteem acts as a compass to help us make healthier choices, practical suggestions to increase authentic self-esteem, and the connection between authentic self-esteem, relationships, and well-being. The words, diagrams, and activities in the book are written so that it can be used by clinicians, their clients, and intelligent general readers interested substance as well as practical applications.

Motivations of manufacturing reshoring: an interpretative framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Fratocchi ◽  
Alessandro Ancarani ◽  
Paolo Barbieri ◽  
Carmela Di Mauro ◽  
Guido Nassimbeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Manufacturing Location ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Interpretative Framework

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a framework for the analysis of reshoring. The framework is then applied to analyze motivations for reshoring, as they emerge from extant literature and from new evidence collected. Design/methodology/approach – The authors start by formulating a literature-grounded definition of reshoring and reviewing some key theoretical approaches for international manufacturing location. In light of these theories, the authors then propose an interpretative framework for the analysis of reshoring motivations. Finally, the authors provide new evidence on this phenomenon, by presenting the findings of an extensive data collection of reshoring cases built on secondary data. Findings – The authors show that a vast array of single drivers of reshoring can be extracted from extant literature; however, the interpretative framework eventually highlights four main typologies of reshoring motivations, thus allowing for a more sound comprehension of why the phenomenon happens. The empirical investigation proves also useful in comparing the relative importance of these motivations, as it reveals that value-driven and country-specific motivations prevail over efficiency-driven and firm-specific ones, respectively. Research limitations/implications – The study is based on the analyses of secondary data extracted from newspapers and magazine sources. Some motivations (and especially those that configure a “correction of a previous erroneous decision”) could have been underestimated. In addition, certain industries (e.g. clothing and footwear), certain countries (USA and China), and certain firms (large companies and MNCs) could have more visibility to the media. Another possible limitation is due to the fact that the classification work inherently implied some discretion and individual judgment. The authors however spent considerable efforts in cross-validating the assessments through extensive discussion within the research team. Originality/value – This is the first paper that summarizes the motivations of the rising reshoring phenomenon and interprets them based on an original theory-derived classification framework.

scholarly journals Greatlakean Substage: A Replacement for Valderan Substage in the Lake Michigan Basin

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B. Evenson ◽  
William R. Farrand ◽  
Donald F. Eschman ◽  
David M. Mickelson ◽  
Louis J. Maher
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Michigan Basin ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
The Times ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Stratigraphic Nomenclature ◽  
New Evidence

New evidence from recent field and seismic investigations in the Lake Michigan basin and in the type areas of the Valders, Two Creeks and Two Rivers deposits necessitates revision of late-glacial ice-front positions, rock- and time-stratigraphic nomenclature and climatic interpretations and deglaciation patterns for the period ca. 14,000–7,000 radiocarbon years B.P. The previously reported and long accepted pattern of deglaciation for the Lake Michigan basin started with a regular retreat from the Lake Border Morainic System, with a minor oscillation marked by the Port Huron moraine(s) and then an extensive Twocreekan deglaciation followed by a major (320 km) post-Twocreekan advance (Valders). However, we now record a major retreat between the times of the Lake Border and Port Huron moraines, followed by a gradual retreat from the Port Huron limit and interrupted by a minor standstill (deposition of Manitowoc Till), a retreat (Twocreekan) and a readvance (Two Rivers Till). No Woodfordian or younger readvance was as extensive as had been the preceding one. This sequence argues for a normal, climatically controlled, progressive deglaciation rather than one interrupted by a major post-Twocreekan (formerly Valderan) surge. This revision appears finally to harmonize the geologic evidence and the palynological record for the Great Lakes region. Our investigations show that Valders Till from which the Valderan Substage was named is late-Woodfordian in age. We propose the term “Greatlakean” as a replacement for the now misleading time-stratigraphic term “Valderan”. The type section and the definition of the upper and lower boundaries of the Greatlakean Substage remain the same as those originally proposed for the Valderan Substage but the name is changed.

Further Analysis of Near Eastern Obsidians

1969 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Renfrew ◽  
J. E. Dixon ◽  
J. R. Cann
Keyword(s):  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
New Information ◽  
Trading Mechanisms ◽  
Trading Pattern ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Prehistoric Trade ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Obsidian Source ◽  
Insight Into

The very early development and extent of the obsidian trade in the Near East is being increasingly documented by the discovery and excavation of Early Neolithic sites throughout the area. Since the publication of our last paper (Renfrew, Cann and Dixon, 1966), obsidians from five aceramic Neolithic sites have been analysed, and the natural source of the material determined in each case. All the results fall into the framework of groups already established. In addition, one new obsidian source has been discovered.This confirmation of the characterizations hitherto achieved is satisfactory, but perhaps more important is the new evidence for the reconstruction of the pattern of the trade or traffic in obsidian in Early Neolithic times. Regularities in this pattern are becoming apparent, which allow a greater insight into the trading mechanisms involved.In this paper, written by Colin Renfrew on the basis of analyses and group divisions by J. E. Dixon and J. R. Cann, new information concerning the Anatolian sources is first considered, and new results for the Early Neolithic and later obsidians discussed. In the last section, an attempt is made at the more precise definition of the obsidian trading pattern in the 7th and 6th millennia B.C. on the basis of a more detailed analysis of the prehistoric trade statistics.

New Evidence for Early Woodland Seasonal Adaptation from Southern Ontario, Canada

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Seasonal Adaptation ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Deer Hunting ◽  
Task Groups ◽  
Early Woodland ◽  
Site Function ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Evidence

Radiocarbon dated features at the newly investigated Dawson Creek site in southern Ontario, Canada, document recurrent Amerindian occupations between the ninth and fifth centuries B.C. Artifactual, botanical, and faunal remains from six hearths evidence consistent fall season visits by task groups using Vinette 1 ceramics. Indicated reliance on nut-collecting and deer-hunting is duplicated at small Early Woodland sites elsewhere in Ontario and the Great Lakes region. Early thick ceramic types are clearly associated with scheduled seasonal activities. Possible differentiation of artifact assemblages by site function and season underscores the need for more discriminating definition of Early Woodland culture in the Northeast.

Sieve-type pore canals in the Timiriaseviinae—A contribution to the comparative morphology and the systematics of the Limnocytheridae (Ostracoda, Crustacea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4495 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAN L. DANIELOPOL ◽  
M. CRISTINA CABRAL ◽  
ALAN LORD ◽  
PIERRE CARBONEL ◽  
MARTIN GROSS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Living Animal ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Pore Canals ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scanning Electron

Examination of normal pore canals, especially sieve-type pore canals, in living and fossil representatives of ten genera of the family Limnocytheridae, subfamily Timiriaseviinae, has revealed important diversity of structure. These complex pore canals have been studied via high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (the Cartographic Method) and analysed via the application of newly devised indices to assess patterns of consistency and variation in both detailed structure of individual pores and of their distribution on the calcified valve. The timiriaseviine taxa are compared with species of the genera Limnocythere, sub-family Limnocytherinae and Cyprideis (family Cytherideidae). The relationship between the living animal and its aquatic environment is discussed in the light of previous studies and of new evidence herein. The importance of normal pore canals for systematics is highlighted by the recognition and definition of the new tribe Gomphodellini Danielopol, Cabral & Lord nov. tribe, subfamily Timiriaseviinae, family Limnocytheridae. 

Reilly's Challenge: New Laws of Retail Gravitation Which Define Systems of Central Places

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Batty
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Spatial Interaction Models ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
New Evidence

This paper attempts a reformulation and generalisation of Reilly's (1931) law of retail gravitation. Reilly himself challenged workers in the field to produce new evidence which would refute or strengthen his law, and developments in spatial-interaction theory during the last decade are used here in taking up this challenge. A critique of Reilly's law sets the scene: By adopting a gravity model more general than the Newtonian model used by Reilly, it is shown how the limitations of the law with respect to hierarchy, spatial competition, locational size, and the symmetry of trade flows, are overcome. In particular the notion of Reilly's law as a special case of the market-area analysis originating from Fetter (1924) and Hotelling (1929) is demonstrated in terms of a theory of the breakpoint implying spatial price–cost indifference. Another approach, through entropy-maximisation and its dual problem, leads to similar conclusions with regard to prices, and it also serves to introduce multicentred spatial competition. These ideas are then generalised in several ways: through notions about the influence of prior spatial information, through concepts of consumer as well as producer market areas or fields, and through the implications of the analysis for the family of spatial-interaction models. A speculation on the relationship of price differentials to Tobler's (1975) interaction winds is made, and the paper is concluded with an application of these models to the definition of an urban hierarchy in the Reading subregion.

Searching for the Elusive Aggregation Effect: Evidence from Statistical Simulations

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Amrhein
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Spatial Process ◽  
Modifiable Areal Unit Problem ◽  
Areal Unit ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aggregation Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Correlation Statistics ◽  
New Evidence

The past few years have seen a resurging interest in the modifiable areal unit problem, or aggregation effects. The new evidence, however, both supports and conflicts with previous work. This paper represents the first stage in a series of numerical experiments designed to explore the nature and extent of scale and zonation effects. Results from a series of carefully controlled statistical simulations are reported. It is concluded that there definitely are aggregation effects separate from effects that can be attributed to changing the definition of the spatial process. These effects, however, vary with the statistic calculated. Means and variances are resistant to aggregation effects, whereas regression coefficients and correlation statistics exhibit dramatic effects. In summary, the world of spatial analysis as it relates to the modifiable areal unit problem is not entirely well-behaved, but neither is it completely random and ill-defined.

Rebooting the new evidence scholarship

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-373
Author(s):  
John R Welch
Keyword(s):  
Decision Theory ◽  
Bayesian Decision Theory ◽  
Bayesian Decision ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Evidence

The new evidence scholarship addresses three distinct approaches: legal probabilism, Bayesian decision theory and relative plausibility theory. Each has major insights to offer, but none seems satisfactory as it stands. This paper proposes that relative plausibility theory be modified in two substantial ways. The first is by defining its key concept of plausibility, hitherto treated as primitive, by generalising the standard axioms of probability. The second is by complementing the descriptive component of the theory with a normative decision theory adapted to legal process. Because this version of decision theory is based on plausibilities rather than probabilities, it generates plausibilistic expectations as outputs. Because these outputs are comparable, they function as relative plausibilities. Hence the resulting framework is an extension of relative plausibility theory, but it retains deep ties to legal probabilism, through the proposed definition of plausibility, and to Bayesian decision theory, through the normative use of decision theory.

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