Helium- und Neonisotope in Eisenmeteoriten

1964 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hintenberger ◽  
H. Wanke
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Rare Gases ◽  
Iron Meteorites ◽  
Isotopic Compositions

The helium and neon content of 22 iron meteorites as well as the isotopic compositions of the rare gases have been measured. Definite relations were found between the amounts of the cosmic ray produced isotopes 3He, 4He and 21Ne and also for their ratios. A rough correlation between the mass of the meteorite and the “depth” of the sample has been found; a correlation for the 3He/4He and the 4He/21Ne ratios also exists. The following relationship holds for 19 of the 21 meteorites :3He/4He= 0.166 + 174 (∑ Ne/∑ He) ± 0.018 .The only exceptions are the meteorites Braunau and Colomera. Because these exceptions only show up in diagrams in which the values for 3He are included, we assume that both these meteorites, as well as perhaps also the meteorite Morradal, have lost part of their 3He. This might be explained by a diffusive loss of tritium during times of higher temperatures of the meteoritic bodies, probably due to a closer approach of these meteorites to the sun.

Uredelgase im Meteoriten Breitscheid

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hintenberger ◽  
H. König ◽  
H. Wanke
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Rare Gases ◽  
Isotopic Compositions ◽  
Isotopic Abundances

Primordial rare gases have been found in the chondrite Breitscheid, which shows like Pantar light and dark regions. The primordial rare gases are only to be found in the dark portions; they amount to 179·10-6 cm3 STP/g helium and 221·10-8 cm3 STP/g neon. The isotopic compositions of these primordial rare gases have been determined by subtraction of the amounts of the radiogenic and cosmic ray produced rare gases measured in the light portions. Possible alterations of the isotopic abundances of the primordial rare gases in the time interval between the end of the nucleosynthesis and their capture in the meteoritic matter are discussed. The radiogenic helium age has now been determined to be 1.63·109 years.

Much Ado about (Practically) Nothing

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Atomic Nucleus ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Rare Gases ◽  
Important Work ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life On Mars ◽  
The Universe

There are eight columns in the Periodic Table. The eighth column is comprised of the rare gases, so-called because they are the rarest elements on earth. They are also called the inert or noble gases because, like nobility, they do no work. They are colorless, odorless, invisible gases which do not react with anything, and were thought to be unimportant until the early 1960s. Starting in that era, David Fisher has spent roughly fifty years doing research on these gases, publishing nearly a hundred papers in the scientific journals, applying them to problems in geophysics and cosmochemistry, and learning how other scientists have utilized them to change our ideas about the universe, the sun, and our own planet. Much Ado about (Practically) Nothing will cover this spectrum of ideas, interspersed with the author's own work which will serve to introduce each gas and the important work others have done with them. The rare gases have participated in a wide range of scientific advances-even revolutions-but no book has ever recorded the entire story. Fisher will range from the intricacies of the atomic nucleus and the tiniest of elementary particles, the neutrino, to the energy source of the stars; from the age of the earth to its future energies; from life on Mars to cancer here on earth. A whole panoply that has never before been told as an entity.

scholarly journals Ulysses COSPIN observations of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles from the South Pole to the North Pole of the Sun during solar maximum

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. McKibben ◽  
J. J. Connell ◽  
C. Lopate ◽  
M. Zhang ◽  
J. D. Anglin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Energetic Particles ◽  
Solar Energetic Particles ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Inner Heliosphere

Abstract. In 2000–2001 Ulysses passed from the south to the north polar regions of the Sun in the inner heliosphere, providing a snapshot of the latitudinal structure of cosmic ray modulation and solar energetic particle populations during a period near solar maximum.  Observations from the COSPIN suite of energetic charged particle telescopes show that latitude variations in the cosmic ray intensity in the inner heliosphere are nearly non-existent near solar maximum, whereas small but clear latitude gradients were observed during the similar phase of Ulysses’ orbit near the 1994–95 solar minimum. At proton energies above ~10 MeV and extending up to >70 MeV, the intensities are often dominated by Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) accelerated near the Sun in association with intense solar flares and large Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). At lower energies the particle intensities are almost constantly enhanced above background, most likely as a result of a mix of SEPs and particles accelerated by interplanetary shocks. Simultaneous high-latitude Ulysses and near-Earth observations show that most events that produce large flux increases near Earth also produce flux increases at Ulysses, even at the highest latitudes attained. Particle anisotropies during particle onsets at Ulysses are typically directed outwards from the Sun, suggesting either acceleration extending to high latitudes or efficient cross-field propagation somewhere inside the orbit of Ulysses. Both cosmic ray and SEP observations are consistent with highly efficient transport of energetic charged particles between the equatorial and polar regions and across the mean interplanetary magnetic fields in the inner heliosphere.Key words. Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays) – Solar physics, astrophysics and astronomy (energetic particles; flares and mass ejections)

scholarly journals Searches for neutrinos from cosmic-ray interactions in the Sun using seven years of IceCube data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (02) ◽  
pp. 025-025
Author(s):  
M.G. Aartsen ◽  
M. Ackermann ◽  
J. Adams ◽  
J.A. Aguilar ◽  
M. Ahlers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Cosmic Ray Interactions

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Strength Using the Cosmic-Ray Shadow of the Sun

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Amenomori ◽  
X. J. Bi ◽  
D. Chen ◽  
T. L. Chen ◽  
W. Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Interplanetary Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Field Strength ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
The Sun

ESTABLISHING SOLAR ACTIVITY TREND FOR SOLAR CYCLES 21 – 24

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
A.K. Singh ◽  
◽  
A. Bhargawa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Sunspot Number ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Lyman Alpha ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
Alpha Index

Solar-terrestrial environment is manifested primarily by the physical conditions of solar interior, solar atmosphere and eruptive solar plasma. Each parameter gives unique information about the Sun and its activity according to its defined characteristics. Hence the variability of solar parameters is of interest from the point of view of plasma dynamics on the Sun and in the interplanetary space as well as for the solar-terrestrial physics. In this study, we have analysed various solar transients and parameters to establish the recent trends of solar activity during solar cycles 21, 22, 23 and 24. The correlation coefficients of linear regression of F10.7 cm index, Lyman alpha index, Mg II index, cosmic ray intensity, number of M & X class flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) occurrence rate versus sunspot number was examined for last four solar cycles. A running cross-correlation method has been used to study the momentary relationship among the above mentioned solar activity parameters. Solar cycle 21 witnessed the highest value of correlation for F10.7 cm index, Lyman alpha index and number of M-class and X-class flares versus sunspot number among all the considered solar cycles which were 0.979, 0.935 and 0.964 respectively. Solar cycle 22 recorded the highest correlation in case of Mg II index, Ap index and CMEs occurrence rate versus sunspot number among all the considered solar cycles (0.964, 0.384 and 0.972 respectively). Solar cycle 23 and 24 did not witness any highest correlation compared to solar cycle 21 and 22. Further the record values (highest value compared to other solar three cycles) of each solar activity parameters for each of the four solar cycles have been studied. Here solar cycle 24 has no record text at all, this simply indicating that this cycle was a weakest cycle compared to the three previous ones. We have concluded that in every domain solar 24 was weaker to its three predecessors.

Carrington Events

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh S. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Solar Flare ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejection ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Solar Event ◽  
Solar Type ◽  
Mass Ejection

The Carrington event in 1859, a solar flare with an associated geomagnetic storm, has served as a prototype of possible superflare occurrence on the Sun. Recent geophysical (14C signatures in tree rings) and precise time-series photometry [the bolometric total solar irradiance (TSI) for the Sun, and the broadband photometry from Kepler and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, for the stars] have broadened our perspective on extreme events and the threats that they pose for Earth and for Earth-like exoplanets. This review assesses the mutual solar and/or stellar lessons learned and the status of our theoretical understanding of the new data, both stellar and solar, as they relate to the physics of the Carrington event. The discussion includes the event's implied coronal mass ejection, its potential “solar cosmic ray” production, and the observed geomagnetic disturbances based on the multimessenger information already available in that era. Taking the Carrington event as an exemplar of the most extreme solar event, and in the context of our rich modern knowledge of solar flare and/or coronal mass ejection events, we discuss the aspects of these processes that might be relevant to activity on solar-type stars, and in particular their superflares. ▪ The Carrington flare of 1859, though powerful, did not significantly exceed the magnitudes of the greatest events observed in the modern era. ▪ Stellar “superflare” events on solar-type stars may share common paradigms, and also suggest the possibility of a more extreme solar event at some time in the future. ▪ We benefit from comparing the better-known microphysics of solar flares and CMEs with the diversity of related stellar phenomena. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 59 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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