Study on the Influence of Temperature on the Mortality of Tribolium confusum J. du Val. Exposed to Carbon Dioxide or Nitrogen

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis A. Buscarlet
Keyword(s):  
Food Product ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Atmosphere Temperature

In the pest control of stored products like grain and flour, treatment with gases like CO2 or nitrogen plays an increasing role, as this type of treatment leaves no residues in the food product and is less questionable than treatment with ionizing radiation. An important pest of stored grain is the beetle Tribolium confusum. T. confusum pupae, youn g and aged adults were exposed to pure nitrogen, CO2 or air at different temperatures between 38 and 46 °C. In nitrogen as well as in CO2 pupae were the most resistant. Nitrogen efficacy on adult mortality was much higher than CO2 which was higher than air. For pupae CO2 was more efficient than nitrogen or air in the range 38 - 45 °C. The temperature dependence of the sensitivity to both gases was noticeable in every stage, particularly below a given specific temperature. It was concluded that the combination controlled-atmosphere-temperature could be a valuable time saving and non aggressive technique for the stored-foods insects control.

Effect of Two Azadirachtin Formulations against Adults of Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium confusum on Different Grain Commodities

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1627-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICKOLAS G. KAVALLIERATOS ◽  
CHRISTOS G. ATHANASSIOU ◽  
CONSTANTIN J. SAITANIS ◽  
DEMETRIUS C. KONTODIMAS ◽  
ALEXANDER N. ROUSSOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Grain Beetles ◽  
Dosage Formulation

The insecticidal effect of two azadirachtin-based insecticides, NeemAzal-T/S and Oikos 32 EC, was examined against adults of the grain beetles Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium confusum on wheat and maize under different temperature and humidity regimes. The insecticides were applied at three dosages, equivalent to 50, 100, and 200 mg of active ingredient per kg of grain. Adults of the above species were exposed to the treated grains at 20, 25, and 30°C and two relative humidity levels (55 and 75%), and mortality was assessed after 14 days of exposure. All adults were then removed, and the treated substrate remained under the same conditions for 45 more days. After this period, the grains were checked for progeny production. In both species and both commodities, mortality increased with insecticide dosage. For many dosage-formulation combinations, mortality increased with temperature at 55% relative humidity but the reverse was observed at 75% relative humidity. Comparing the two formulations, NeemAzal-T/S was more effective than Oikos 32 EC at all the combinations tested. NeemAzal-T/S was more effective at high relative humidity, but the efficacy of Oikos 32 EC was not much affected by the relative humidity. Survival was high, even at the higher dosages, in some of the temperature-humidity combinations. Progeny production of S. oryzae in the treated grains was considerably higher than that of T. confusum. The results of the present study indicate that further dosage increases and longer exposure times are needed to obtain a complete (100%) adult mortality in all combinations tested. However, the feasibility of using higher azadirachtin dosages (>200 mg/kg grain) is questionable for cost reasons. Consequently, the use of these substances is not comparable to the use of traditional grain protectants, which are usually used at dosages of <5 mg/kg grain. Although azadirachtin-based insecticides can be used with success for protection of stored grain, our study demonstrated that under certain circumstances such an application may not be effective. Abiotic factors (formulation, temperature, and relative humidity) had a more serious impact on the efficacy of these insecticides than did biotic factors (target species and commodity).

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Life History of Bemisia Tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Cassava Manihot Esculenta Crantz

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 912-920
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Khanh ◽  
Le Ngoc Anh ◽  
Ho Thi Thu Giang
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationships between environmental temperatures and life-history traits of whitefly Bemisia tabaci on cassava in the Northern part of Vietnam. The influence of temperature on the biological characteristics of whitefly B. tabaci fed on cassava was evaluated at 20ºC, 25ºC, 27.5ºC, and 30ºC using individual insect rearing methodology. Results of the study showed that the development time from egg to adult of B. tabaci was influenced by temperatures. The data indicated that under different temperatures (20ºC, 25ºC, 27.5ºC, and 30ºC), the life cycle of B. tabaci were 41.46, 28.64, 24.29, and 20.25 days, respectively. The determination of lower developmental threshold and degree days for whitefly development were 11.2ºC and 344.8 degree-days. There were 14.31 whitefly generations within 1 year on cassava suggesting this plant is a suitable host plant for the development and reproduction of B. tabaci. Female longevity ranged from 4.92 to 10.23 days. The fecundity ranged from 49.3 to 74.0 eggs/female. The mortality rate reached its highest rate of 36.27% at 30ºC. Our results suggested that B. tabaci had high reproduction rates and demonstrated their positive fitness traits on cassava in a wide range of temperatures, being a potential important pest of cassava cultivars.

Bioefficacy of enhanced diatomaceous earth and botanical powders on the mortality and progeny production of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in stored grain cereals

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 243-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Adarkwah ◽  
Daniel Obeng-Ofori ◽  
Vanessa Hörmann ◽  
Christian Ulrichs ◽  
Matthias Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Plant Powders

Abstract Food losses caused by insects during postharvest storage are of paramount economic importance worldwide, especially in Africa. Laboratory bioassays were conducted in stored grains to determine the toxicity of powders of Eugenia aromatica and Moringa oleifera alone or combined with enhanced diatomaceous earth (Probe-A® DE, 89.0% SiO2 and 5% silica aerogel) to adult Sitophilus granarius, Tribolium castaneum and Acanthoscelides obtectus. Adult mortality was observed up to 7 days, while progeny production was recorded at 6–10 weeks. LD50 and LT50 values for adult test insects exposed to plant powders and DE, showed that A. obtectus was the most susceptible towards the botanicals (LD50 0.179% and 0.088% wt/wt for E. aromatica and M. oleifera, respectively), followed by S. granarius. Tribolium castaneum was most tolerant (LD50 1.42% wt/wt and 1.40% wt/wt for E. aromatica and M. oleifera, respectively). The combined mixture of plant powders and DE controlled the beetles faster compared to the plant powders alone. LT50 ranged from 55.7 h to 62.5 h for T. castaneum exposed to 1.0% M. oleifera and 1.0% DE, and 0.5% E. aromatica and 1.0% DE, respectively. Botanicals caused significant reduction of F1 adults compared to the control. Combined action of botanical insecticides with DE as a grain protectant in an integrated pest management approach is discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of Load-Carrying Capacity of C-Profile Glued Ti-Al Column under Temperature Environment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3013
Author(s):  
Leszek Czechowski
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The paper deals with an examination of the behaviour of glued Ti-Al column under compression at elevated temperature. The tests of compressed columns with initial load were performed at different temperatures to obtain their characteristics and the load-carrying capacity. The deformations of columns during tests were registered by employing non-contact Digital Image Correlation Aramis® System. The numerical computations based on finite element method by using two different discrete models were carried out to validate the empirical results. To solve the problems, true stress-logarithmic strain curves of one-directional tensile tests dependent on temperature both for considered metals and glue were implemented to software. Numerical estimations based on Green–Lagrange equations for large deflections and strains were conducted. The paper reveals the influence of temperature on the behaviour of compressed C-profile Ti-Al columns. It was verified how the load-carrying capacity of glued bi-metal column decreases with an increase in the temperature increment. The achieved maximum loads at temperature 200 °C dropped by 2.5 times related to maximum loads at ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature on Mechanical Properties of P(BAMO-r-THF) Elastomer

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2507
Author(s):  
Jinxian Zhai ◽  
Hanpeng Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyan Guo ◽  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
Tinglu Song
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Strain Induced Crystallization ◽  
Thermal Histories ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Induced Crystallization

The relationship between temperature and the mechanical properties of an end cross-linked equal molar random copolyether elastomer of 3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane and tetrahydrofuran (P(BAMO-r-THF)) was investigated. During this investigation, the performances of two P(BAMO-r-THF) elastomers with different thermal histories were compared at different temperatures. The elastomer as prepared at 20 °C (denoted as S0) exhibited semi-crystallization morphology. Wide angle X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the crystal grains within elastomer S0 result from the crystallization of BAMO micro-blocks embedded in P(BAMO-r-THF) polymeric chains, and the crystallinity is temperature irreversible under static conditions. After undergoing a heating-cooling cycle, this elastomer became an amorphous elastomer (denoted as S1). Regarding mechanical properties, at 20 °C, break strains and stresses of 315 ± 22% and 0.46 ± 0.01 MPa were obtained for elastomer S0; corresponding values of 294 ± 6% and 0.32 ± 0.02 MPa were obtained for elastomer S1. At −40 °C, these strains and stresses simultaneously increased to 1085 ± 21% and 8.90 ± 0.72 MPa (S0) and 1181 ± 25% and 10.23 ± 0.44 MPa (S1), respectively, owing to the strain-induced crystallization of BAMO micro-blocks within the P(BAMO-r-THF) polymeric chains.

Thermal influence on the embryonic development and hatching rate of the flameback pygmy angelfish Centropyge aurantonotus eggs

Zygote ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Raoani Cruz Mendonça ◽  
Sarah Pittigliani Ikebata ◽  
Sérgio Leandro Araújo-Silva ◽  
João Vitor Azevedo Manhães ◽  
Mônica Yumi Tsuzuki
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Thermal Influence ◽  
Hatching Rates

SummaryThe flameback pygmy angelfish Centropyge aurantonotus, highly appreciated and valued by the aquarium market, is heavily harvested and traded. Temperature is one of the abiotic factors that has the most influence on fish development, especially in the early stages of life. For captive production, it is essential to know the appropriate environmental parameters for each species. In this sense, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperature on the embryonic development and hatching rates of C. aurantonotus incubated at six different temperatures (20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30°C). Embryonic development events were very similar in terms of morphological and chronological characteristics compared with other species of the genus Centropyge. Incubation time was inversely proportional to temperature. The treatment at 22°C required twice the time of that required by 30°C treatment for hatching to occur. The best incubation temperature range was 24–28°C. Values below 22°C and at 30°C showed lower hatching rates compared with other treatments. Based on these results, the recommended temperature at which to incubate C. aurantonotus eggs is between 24–28°C.

Atomic Anti-Site Evolution during L12 Precipitation Using Microscopic Phase-Field Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Min Jie Liang ◽  
Hai Hong Liao ◽  
Wen Jiang Ding ◽  
Zheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Field ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phase Field Simulation ◽  
Atomic Site ◽  
Site Occupation ◽  
Field Simulation ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The influence of temperature on atomic site occupation probability (SOP) in L12--Ni3(Al1-xFex) has been studied using microscopic phase-field simulation for Ni3Al-Fe alloy with the lower Fe content. Microscopic phase-field kinetics model was further extended to study the temporal evolution of atomic site occupation and atomic anti-sites behavior, which was revealed in detail at the different temperatures. The results show that the size, number and the precipitation mechanism of L12phases also present obvious changes with the increase of temperature. The SOP of each atom on its right-sites decreases slowly; while the SOP of Fe atoms are far lower than those of Al atoms. On the other hand, the SOP of each atom on its anti-sites increases gradually. The formation of NiAl(Ni atoms form anti-sites on Al sites) is more easily and the formation of NiAlis more sensitive to temperature than that of FeNi(Fe atoms form anti-sites on Ni sites). Atomic site occupation will not evolve during the early stage of precipitation, which becomes more and more obvious.

Influence of Temperature on Field-Induced Reorientation Strain in Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 848-853
Author(s):  
Yu Ping Zhu ◽  
Guan Suo Dui
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Magnetic Shape Memory ◽  
Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Single Crystal Specimen ◽  
Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Special Concern ◽  
Theoretical Results

A constitutive model for magnetic shape memory alloys is developed through a combined consideration of micromechanical and thermodynamic theories. Of special concern is the influence of different temperatures on field-induced reorientation strain for a NiMnGa single-crystal specimen. The theoretical results are found to be in general agreement with experimental data. It is shown that the method is accurate and simple.

scholarly journals XXXVI. On the influence of temperature on the refraction of light

1858 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Of View ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Narrow Slit ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Fine Wire ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Many ◽  
Cobalt Blue

Fraunhofer, in his original measurements of the fixed lines of the spectrum, noted the thermometer, and those who since his time have occupied themselves with the determi­nation of refractive indices, must have frequently noticed that changes of temperature affect the amount of refraction; yet of the many observations now on record, few have affixed to them the temperature at which they were made. Baden Powell has drawn out some refractive indices of the same substance taken at different temperatures, but remarks that the whole subject, both as to the facts of the case and as to their bear­ing on the theoretical formulæ, remains to be investigated. Among his beautiful researches on light, M. Jamin has recently published one or two experiments on refrac­tion, heat, and density; but, with this exception, he has left untouched the great question of the influence of temperature. Some years ago Baden Powell kindly lent his instrument to one of us for the pur­pose of investigating this question. It is described and figured in the Report of the British Association for 1839. It consists essentially of a small telescope moving on a circle graduated so finely, that by means of a vernier and magnifying glass it may be read to 10"; to ensure accuracy, there is a vernier at each end of the moveable arm: in front of the telescope are appliances for fixing any solid prism, or a hollow prism capable of containing liquids, in such a position that there may be seen through it a ray of light proceeding from a distant slit. The telescope may be moved till a fine wire fastened in the field of view is brought to coincide with any of Fraunhofer’s lines the prismatic spectrum thus obtained, and the angle indicated by the position of the telescope on the graduated circle may he read off. In our recent joint research, as we desired measure the positions of the extreme lines A and H, it was necessary to work with the full light of the sun; its mirrored image, therefore, was kept behind the narrow slit by a heliostat, and the eye was protected from the glare of the yellow ray by means of a cobalt-blue glass.

scholarly journals IV. On the influence of temperature on the heat of dissolution of salts in water

1885 ◽  
Vol 38 (235-238) ◽  
pp. 401-414
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Salt Melts ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Anhydrous Compound ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Heat Of Dissolution ◽  
Vexed Question

The experiments described in this paper were undertaken in the hope of obtaining some light upon the vexed question of the condition in which a solid exists when dissolved in a liquid, and were directed more especially towards the investigation of the well-known remarkable phenomena exhibited by sodium sulphate. Crystallised sodium sulphate melts at about 34°, and at this temperature the salt begins to show signs of dissociation by depositing the anhydrous compound. According to Wiedemann, indeed, indications of change are observable at a few degrees lower. He finds by observation of the volume of the crystallised salt at different temperatures, that whereas slight expansion occurs from 17° to about 30°, contraction then sets in, at first slowly, then, at 33° to 34°, very rapidly, till the salt melts. The melted salt expands regularly in proportion as the temperature is raised to near 100°. Nicol has made experiments upon the expansion of solutions of the same salt, and with similar results.

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