Lipid Analysis of Greek Walnut Oil (Juglans regia L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tsamouris ◽  
Sophia Hatziantoniou ◽  
Costas Demetzos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Walnut Oil

The walnut oil (Juglans regia L.) total lipids (TL) were extracted by the Bligh-Dyer method and the lipid classes have been isolated by chromatographic techniques and they were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) /FID and GC-MS. The oil was found to be rich in neutral lipids (96.9% of total lipids) and low in polar lipids (3.1% of total lipids). The neutral lipid fraction consisted mainly of triacylglycerides whereas the polar lipids mainly consisted of sphingolipids. GC-MS data showed that the main fatty acid was linoleic acid. Unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 85%, while the percentage of the saturated fatty acids was found 15%. Two types of liposomes were prepared from the isolated walnut oil phospholipids and characterized as new formulations. These formulations may have future applications for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and cosmetic active ingredients.

Liposomal Formulations from Phospholipids of Greek Almond Oil. Properties and Biological Activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotini Malisiova ◽  
Sophia Hatziantoniou ◽  
Kostas Dimas ◽  
Dimitrios Kletstas ◽  
Costas Demetzos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Mature Seed ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Total Lipids

The seeds of the almond tree [(Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb. (syn. Prunus amygdalus)] were collected in two different periods of maturity and were studied for their lipid content. The total lipids (TL) were extracted by the Bligh-Dyer method and the lipid classes have been isolated by chromatographic techniques and were analyzed by HPTLC coupled with a flame ionization detector (HPTLC/FID) and GC-MS. The oils were found to be rich in neutral lipids (89.9% and 96.3% of total lipids) and low in polar lipids (10.1% and 3.7% of total lipids) for the immature and mature seed oils, respectively. The neutral lipid fraction consisted mainly of triacylglycerides whereas the polar lipids mainly consisted of phospholipids. GC-MS data showed that the main fatty acid for both oils was 9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid). The unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 89.4% and 89.7%, while the percentage of the saturated fatty acids was found 10.6% and 10.3% for the immature and mature seed oils, respectively. Liposomes were prepared from the isolated phospholipids using the thin lipid film methodology, and their physical properties were characterized. Cytotoxicity was found absent when assayed against normal and cancerous cell lines. These new formulations may have future applications for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and cosmetically active ingredients.

A comparison of fatty acid profiles and lipolysis during ripening of dry-cured loins obtained from a native pig breed (ChatoMurciano) and from a modern crossbreed pig

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Tejada ◽  
Eva Salazar ◽  
Adela Abellán ◽  
Begoña Peinado ◽  
Juana Mulero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Lipid Fractions

The fatty acid composition of neutral lipids (NL), polar lipids (PL) and free fatty acids (FFA) was analysed in dry-cured loins obtained from the native pig breed Chato Murciano (CM) and from a modern crossbreed pig genotype (CG) during the ripening stage (between the 30 and 60 days of processing). Fatty acid concentrations from neutral lipids, polar lipids and free fatty acid fractions were affected by breed. With respect to ripening time, lipolysis was more intense in the CG than in CM product, resulting in a decrease in the concentrations of fatty acids in the NL and PL fractions, accompanied by a corresponding increase in FFA. Results for lipid determination provided evidence that the concentrations of the different groups of fatty acids within the lipid fractions depend on the breed. In order of abundance, the groups of fatty acids in the neutral lipid fraction were monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) > saturated fatty acids (SFA) > polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (59%, 37% and 4% in CM; 58%, 35% and 6% in CG) at 60 days of processing. In the polar lipid fraction, the order was SFA > PUFA > MUFA (44%, 29% and 27% in CM; 42%, 38% and 20% in CG), and in free fatty acid fraction, the order was MUFA > PUFA > SFA (40%, 30%, and 30% in CM; 39%, 32%, and 29% in CG) at 60 days of processing.

scholarly journals WASTE-FREE TECHNOLOGY OF CHLORELLA SOROKINIANA MICROALGAE BIOMASS USAGE FOR LIPIDS AND SORBENTS PRODUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya А. Politaeva ◽  
Irina V. Atamanyuk ◽  
Yuliya А. Smyatskaya ◽  
Tatiana A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Toumi Amira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Microalgae Biomass

In the present article we introduce application areas of Сhlorella sorokiniana microalgae biomass for national economy (feed and biologically active additives, etc). Here it is shown that thermal and chemical modification of plant material waste might result in obtaining of highly-efficient materials for water purification. Major stages of waste-free technology of microalga processing with further extraction of valuable lipids and obtaining of sorption materials are schematically shown. We have determined fatty-acid content of lipid fraction (77 mg/g), obtained by Soxhlet method from lyophilized microalga biomass. It was revealed, that it includes 83.7% of unsaturated fatty acids (generally, С18:1, С18:2, С18:3), whereas saturated fatty acids are mostly presented by С16 – С20 family. In lyophilized biomass we discovered α-linolenoic acid (Omega-3, 28.3%), which is one of the most valuable biologically active compounds, required for full-value human life and activities. Microstructure analysis of residual biomass of C. sorokiniana microalgae has shown pore surface, formed by destroyed cells. In the course of studying the sorption properties of residual biomass with the use of initial and final concentration parameters, the efficiency of purification of model water from Fe3+ ions (47.5%) was evaluated, which indicates the need to modify the sorption properties of biomass. It has been established that the degree of wastewater purification containing iron (III) compounds can be significantly increased (by 1.8 times) by forming from the residual biomass granular materials with additional introduction of chitosan in the composition, which using as a binder and a modifying additive (mass ratio 4:1).

The Fatty Acids Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Walnut Cold Press Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Copolovici ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Rica Boscencu ◽  
Delia Mirela Tit ◽  
Lucian Copolovici
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Walnut Oil ◽  
Cold Press ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Very High

The fatty acids composition and antioxidant activity have been determinate for cold press walnut oil. It has been found that the total saturated fatty acids have been 8.8 % while poly unsaturated fatty acids have been 72.84 %. The ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 has been determined as 5.06 which could help in human healthy diet. On the same side, the antioxidant activity of the oil is very high at a level of 3.65 mmol L-1 and a ratio between lipophilic and hydrophilic fractions of 9.45.

Lipids and their seasonal variation in the nucellar layers of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seeds

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1416-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eila Tillman-Sutela ◽  
Anu Johansson ◽  
Pälvi Laakso ◽  
Heikki Kallio ◽  
Anneli Kauppi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Single Fatty Acid

The content, composition, and seasonal variation of lipids in the nucellar layers of two mature Scots pine seed lots from northern and central Finland were studied. These lipophilic layers, which are located inside the seed coat, are composed of collapsed cells and restrict the imbibition of seeds. In this study, epicuticular wax was found on their surface; in particular, the surface of the nucellar cap was composed of intermeshing wax rods. The content of total lipids of the nucellar layers varied seasonally from 10 to 24%, being highest in April. In addition to simple lipids, which formed the most abundant lipid fraction in nucellar layers, small amounts of phospho- and glyco-lipids were also present. The proportion of simple lipids and their fatty acid composition in the seeds of both provenances remained constant throughout the year, whereas seasonal variation was found in the proportions of phospho- and giyco-lipids and in their fatty acids. In general, the variation was more marked in the northern seed lot. The unsaturated fatty acids dominated in the fractions of simple lipids and phospholipids, with linoleic acid being the most abundant single fatty acid. The saturated fatty acids with more than 22 carbon atoms were most abundant in the glycolipid fractions. The role of lipids for the function of the collapsed nucellar layers in the regulation of imbibition and germination of pine seeds is discussed. Keywords: Pinus sylvestris L., northern seeds, fatty acids, imbibition, germination.

scholarly journals Phospholipid Furan Fatty Acids and Ubiquinone-8: Lipid Biomarkers That May Protect Dehalococcoides Strains from Free Radicals

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 8426-8433 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. White ◽  
Roland Geyer ◽  
Aaron D. Peacock ◽  
David B. Hedrick ◽  
Stephen S. Koenigsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenation ◽  
Furan Fatty Acids ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Dehalococcoides species have a highly restricted lifestyle and are only known to derive energy from reductive dehalogenation reactions. The lipid fraction of two Dehalococcoides isolates, strains BAV1 and FL2, and a tetrachloroethene-to-ethene-dechlorinating Dehalococcoides-containing consortium were analyzed for neutral lipids and phospholipid fatty acids. Unusual phospholipid modifications, including the replacement of unsaturated fatty acids with furan fatty acids, were detected in both Dehalococcoides isolates and the mixed culture. The following three furan fatty acids are reported as present in bacterial phospholipids for the first time: 9-(5-pentyl-2-furyl)-nonanoate (Fu18:2ω6), 9-(5-butyl-2-furyl)-nonanoate (Fu17:2ω5), and 8-(5-pentyl-2-furyl)-octanoate (Fu17:2ω6). The neutral lipids of the Dehalococcoides cultures contained unusually large amounts of benzoquinones (i.e., ubiquinones [UQ]), which is unusual for anaerobes. In particular, the UQ-8 content of Dehalococcoides was 5- to 20-fold greater than that generated in aerobically grown Escherichia coli cultures relative to the phospholipid fatty acid content. Naphthoquinone isoprenologues (MK), which are often found in anaerobically grown bacteria and archaea, were also detected. Dehalococcoides shows a difference in isoprenologue pattern between UQ-8 and MK-5 that is atypical of other bacteria capable of producing both quinone types. The difference in UQ-8 and MK-5 isoprenologue patterns strongly suggests a special function for UQ in Dehalococcoides, and Dehalococcoides may utilize structural modifications in its lipid armamentarium to protect against free radicals that are generated in the process of reductive dechlorination.

scholarly journals The Natural Diyne-Furan Fatty Acid EV-086 Is an Inhibitor of Fungal Delta-9 Fatty Acid Desaturation with Efficacy in a Model of Skin Dermatophytosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 455-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Knechtle ◽  
Melanie Diefenbacher ◽  
Katrine B. V. Greve ◽  
Federico Brianza ◽  
Christophe Folly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturation ◽  
Antifungal Compound ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Furan Fatty Acid

ABSTRACTHuman fungal infections represent a therapeutic challenge. Although effective strategies for treatment are available, resistance is spreading, and many therapies have unacceptable side effects. A clear need for novel antifungal targets and molecules is thus emerging. Here, we present the identification and characterization of the plant-derived diyne-furan fatty acid EV-086 as a novel antifungal compound. EV-086 has potent and broad-spectrum activityin vitroagainstCandida,Aspergillus, andTrichophytonspp., whereas activities against bacteria and human cell lines are very low. Chemical-genetic profiling ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaedeletion mutants identified lipid metabolic processes and organelle organization and biogenesis as targets of EV-086. Pathway modeling suggested that EV-086 inhibits delta-9 fatty acid desaturation, an essential process inS. cerevisiae, depending on the delta-9 fatty acid desaturaseOLE1. Delta-9 unsaturated fatty acids—but not saturated fatty acids—antagonized the EV-086-mediated growth inhibition, and transcription of theOLE1gene was strongly upregulated in the presence of EV-086. EV-086 increased the ratio of saturated to unsaturated free fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acyl chains, respectively. Furthermore, EV-086 was rapidly taken up into the lipid fraction of the cell and incorporated into phospholipids. Together, these findings demonstrate that EV-086 is an inhibitor of delta-9 fatty acid desaturation and that the mechanism of inhibition might involve an EV-086–phospholipid. Finally, EV-086 showed efficacy in a guinea pig skin dermatophytosis model of topicalTrichophytoninfection, which demonstrates that delta-9 fatty acid desaturation is a valid antifungal target, at least for dermatophytoses.

The Oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. Seeds and its Emulsions

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Zarnowski ◽  
Anna Jaromin ◽  
Milan Certik ◽  
Tibor Czabany ◽  
Joël Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Emulsions ◽  
Adenanthera Pavonina

The oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds was analysed by chromatographic and instrumental means. The oil was found to be rich in neutral lipids (86.2%), and low in polar lipids (13.8%). The neutral lipids consisted mainly of triacylglycerols (64.2%). Unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 71%, while the percentage of saturated fatty acids was only 29%. GC and GC/MS analyses revealed linoleic, oleic and lignocerotic acid to be predominant among all fatty acids in the A. pavonina oil, whereas stigmasterol was the major steroid identified within this study. Subsequently, the oil was used for preparation of submicron oilin- water (o/w) lipid emulsions. Lipid emulsions were formulated by using soybean lecithin (SL) to investigate their particle size, Zeta potential and stability at the different oil and SL ratios. The results obtained indicate possible applications of the tested oil in pharmaceutical and medical fields as drug and cosmetic active ingredient carriers.

scholarly journals Novel Approaches To KillToxoplasma gondiiby Exploiting the Uncontrolled Uptake of Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Vulnerability to Lipid Storage Inhibition of the Parasite

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina J. Nolan ◽  
Julia D. Romano ◽  
John T. Kline ◽  
Isabelle Coppens
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Storage ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Lipid Uptake ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite replicating in mammalian cells within a parasitophorous vacuole (PV), is an avid scavenger of lipids retrieved from the host cell. Following lipid uptake, this parasite stores excess lipids in lipid droplets (LD). Here, we examined the lipid storage capacities ofToxoplasmaupon supplementation of the culture medium with various fatty acids at physiological concentrations. Supplemental unsaturated fatty acids (oleate [OA], palmitoleate, linoleate) accumulate in large LD and impair parasite replication, whereas saturated fatty acids (palmitate, stearate) neither stimulate LD formation nor impact growth. Examination of parasite growth defects with 0.4 mM OA revealed massive lipid deposits outside LD, indicating enzymatic inadequacies for storing neutral lipids in LD in response to the copious salvage of OA.Toxoplasmaexposure to 0.5 mM OA led to irreversible growth arrest and lipid-induced damage, confirming a major disconnect between fatty acid uptake and the parasite's cellular lipid requirements. The importance of neutral lipid synthesis and storage to avoid lipotoxicity was further highlighted by the selective vulnerability ofToxoplasma, both the proliferative and the encysted forms, to subtoxic concentrations of the acyl coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) pharmacological inhibitor T863. T863-treated parasites did not form LD but instead built up large membranous structures within the cytoplasm, which suggests improper channeling and management of the excess lipid. Dual addition of OA and T863 to infected cells intensified the deterioration of the parasite. Overall, our data pinpointToxoplasmaDGAT as a promising drug target for the treatment of toxoplasmosis that would not incur the risk of toxicity for mammalian cells.

scholarly journals Dictyostelium Lipid Droplets Host Novel Proteins

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1517-1529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Du ◽  
Caroline Barisch ◽  
Peggy Paschke ◽  
Cornelia Herrfurth ◽  
Oliver Bertinetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Across all kingdoms of life, cells store energy in a specialized organelle, the lipid droplet. In general, it consists of a hydrophobic core of triglycerides and steryl esters surrounded by only one leaflet derived from the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to which a specific set of proteins is bound. We have chosen the unicellular organism Dictyostelium discoideum to establish kinetics of lipid droplet formation and degradation and to further identify the lipid constituents and proteins of lipid droplets. Here, we show that the lipid composition is similar to what is found in mammalian lipid droplets. In addition, phospholipids preferentially consist of mainly saturated fatty acids, whereas neutral lipids are enriched in unsaturated fatty acids. Among the novel protein components are LdpA, a protein specific to Dictyostelium , and Net4, which has strong homologies to mammalian DUF829/Tmem53/NET4 that was previously only known as a constituent of the mammalian nuclear envelope. The proteins analyzed so far appear to move from the endoplasmic reticulum to the lipid droplets, supporting the concept that lipid droplets are formed on this membrane.

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