O-2 Activates Leaf Injury, Ethylene and Salicylic Acid Synthesis, and the Expression of O3-Induced Genes in O3-Exposed Tobacco

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 856-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Ogawa ◽  
Nobuyoshi Nakajima ◽  
Masanori Tamaoki ◽  
Mitsuko Aono ◽  
Akihiro Kubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Leaf Injury ◽  
Tobacco Cultivar ◽  
Induced Genes ◽  
Photochemical Oxidants

Abstract O3 is the major component of photochemical oxidants and gives rise to visible injuries on plant leaves. In O3-exposed plants, O-2 is produced before the formation of the injury, but the role that O-2 plays in plant response to O3 exposure is still unknown. To clarify its role, we observed the behavior of plants during O3 exposure after pretreatment with tiron, which is an O-2 scavenger. When tiron-pretreated tobacco cv. Bel W3 was exposed to O3, leaf damage was attenuated. In O3-exposed tobacco, tiron inhibited increases in the levels of ethylene and salicylic acid, which promote leaf injury. Tiron pretreatment also suppressed increases in the expression of O3-induced genes. These results suggest that O-2 is involved in many plant responses induced by O3 exposure. Bel B, a tobacco cultivar that is genetically related to Bel W3, is reported to be more resistant to O3 than Bel W3, but the reason for this difference is unclear. We investigated the differences between the responses of Bel B and tiron-pretreated Bel W3 to O3 exposure, and we discuss the reasons for the resistance to O3 by comparing the phenotype of Bel B with that of tiron-pretreated Bel W3.

scholarly journals Disentangling transcriptional responses in plant defense against arthropod herbivores

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Garcia ◽  
M. Estrella Santamaria ◽  
Isabel Diaz ◽  
Manuel Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Plant Herbivore

AbstractThe success in the response of a plant to a pest depends on the regulatory networks that connect plant perception and plant response. Meta-analyses of transcriptomic responses are valuable tools to discover novel mechanisms in the plant/herbivore interplay. Considering the quantity and quality of available transcriptomic analyses, Arabidopsis thaliana was selected to test the ability of comprehensive meta-analyses to disentangle plant responses. The analysis of the transcriptomic data showed a general induction of biological processes commonly associated with the response to herbivory, like jasmonate signaling or glucosinolate biosynthesis. However, an uneven induction of many genes belonging to these biological categories was found, which was likely associated with the particularities of each specific Arabidopsis-herbivore interaction. A thorough analysis of the responses to the lepidopteran Pieris rapae and the spider mite Tetranychus urticae highlighted specificities in the perception and signaling pathways associated with the expression of receptors and transcription factors. This information was translated to a variable alteration of secondary metabolic pathways. In conclusion, transcriptomic meta-analysis has been revealed as a potent way to sort out relevant physiological processes in the plant response to herbivores. Translation of these transcriptomic-based analyses to crop species will permit a more appropriate design of biotechnological programs.

scholarly journals The Salt-Stress Response of the Transgenic Plum Line J8-1 and Its Interaction with the Salicylic Acid Biosynthetic Pathway from Mandelonitrile

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Bernal-Vicente ◽  
Daniel Cantabella ◽  
Cesar Petri ◽  
José Hernández ◽  
Pedro Diaz-Vivancos
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Salt Stress Response

Salinity is considered as one of the most important abiotic challenges that affect crop productivity. Plant hormones, including salicylic acid (SA), are key factors in the defence signalling output triggered during plant responses against environmental stresses. We have previously reported in peach a new SA biosynthetic pathway from mandelonitrile (MD), the molecule at the hub of the cyanogenic glucoside turnover in Prunus sp. In this work, we have studied whether this new SA biosynthetic pathway is also present in plum and the possible role this pathway plays in plant plasticity under salinity, focusing on the transgenic plum line J8-1, which displays stress tolerance via an enhanced antioxidant capacity. The SA biosynthesis from MD in non-transgenic and J8-1 micropropagated plum shoots was studied by metabolomics. Then the response of J8-1 to salt stress in presence of MD or Phe (MD precursor) was assayed by measuring: chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters, stress related hormones, levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants, the expression of two genes coding redox-related proteins, and the content of soluble nutrients. The results from in vitro assays suggest that the SA synthesis from the MD pathway demonstrated in peach is not clearly present in plum, at least under the tested conditions. Nevertheless, in J8-1 NaCl-stressed seedlings, an increase in SA was recorded as a result of the MD treatment, suggesting that MD could be involved in the SA biosynthesis under NaCl stress conditions in plum plants. We have also shown that the plum line J8-1 was tolerant to NaCl under greenhouse conditions, and this response was quite similar in MD-treated plants. Nevertheless, the MD treatment produced an increase in SA, jasmonic acid (JA) and reduced ascorbate (ASC) contents, as well as in the coefficient of non-photochemical quenching (qN) and the gene expression of Non-Expressor of Pathogenesis-Related 1 (NPR1) and thioredoxin H (TrxH) under salinity conditions. This response suggested a crosstalk between different signalling pathways (NPR1/Trx and SA/JA) leading to salinity tolerance in the transgenic plum line J8-1.

On the Role of Salicylic Acid in Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Hernández ◽  
Pedro Diaz-Vivancos ◽  
Gregorio Barba-Espín ◽  
María José Clemente-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Plant Responses

Sources of resistance to the erineum strain of Colomerus vitis (Acari: Eriophyidae) in grapevine cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Javadi Khederi ◽  
Mohammad Khanjani ◽  
Mansur Gholami ◽  
Enrico De Lillo
Keyword(s):  
Damage Index ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Mite Density ◽  
Bud Breaking ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

The erineum strain of Colomerus vitis (GEM) is the most destructive pest of vineyards in western Iran and sometimes causes considerable damages to the grapevine. Little information is available on the susceptibility of the grapevine to this pest and its knowledge can be useful for a sustainable management of GEM. The present study was aimed at evaluating the responses of the plants to the infestation of GEM in order to compare the resistance/susceptibility of some native cultivars to this pest. Also, the profiling of JA, SA and IAA in leaves of infested plants of Sezdang was studied. The experiment was carried out on eighteen native cultivars and the non-native Muscat Gordo which were selected amongst the most common in southern and western Iran. Potted plants were cultivated under greenhouse conditions at a temperature of 32 ± 3.8°C, 75 ± 5% R.H. and a photoperiod of L16: D8 h. The impact of GEM was evaluated on the basis of the leaf area and weight, number and size of the erinea, and percentage of leaves with erinea three months after the infestation. The cane length was measured, too. Mite density on galled leaves (three months after the infestation) and in buds (at the bud breaking) was assessed.        Cluster analysis based on the leaf damage index induced by GEM allowed to distinguish highly affected (Sezdang, Khalili, Ghalati and Rishbaba), moderately affected (Neyshaboori, Gazne, Muscat, Lale, Shahani Sefid, Ahmad, Monagha and Sia) and scarcely affected (Yaghuti, Rotabi, White Thompson, Atabaki, Koladari and Sahebi and Shahani Gerd) cultivars. The mite density into the buds and on the galled leaves was higher in the medium-late (Rishbaba and Khalili) and late ripening (Sezdang and Ghalati) cultivars rather than in the early (Sahebi and Shahani Gerd) and early-medium (Atabaki) ripening ones. The leaf damaged area, the leaf weight, the shoot length and the erineum development were correlated to the mite density and were the highest on Sezdang, Khalili, Ghalati and Rishbaba and the lowest on Atabaki, Koladari, Sahebi and Shahani Gerd. The highest density of the overwintering population was detected in proximal buds of all treated cultivars.        The plant responses and the mite density were investigated also in the second and third year after the first mite infestation on highly affected (Sezdang, Khalili, Ghalati, Rishbaba), a few of the moderately affected (Neyshaboori, Gazne, Muscat) and the scarcely affected cultivars (White Thompson, Atabaki, Koladari, Sahebi, Shahani Gerd). The leaf damaged area, the percentage of galled leaves, the percentage of cane length reduction and the mite density strongly decreased during all three years of observations on the highly affected Sezdang, Khalili and Gazne. On the contrary, Ghalati and Rishbaba displayed an increase of the leaf damaged area, leaf damaged index and mite density on galled leaves during the same period in comparison to the first year of observation. The percentage of the leaves with erinea, the leaf damaged area and the mite density of Sezdang were highly and positively correlated with IAA while a negative correlation was found between the leaf damaged area and the mite density with SA and JA in the assayed years. Almost all data currently collected allowed a recognition of White Thompson, Atabaki, Koladari, Sahebi and Shahani Gerd as the least affected cultivars.

scholarly journals MiMIF-2 Effector of Meloidogyne incognita Exhibited Enzyme Activities and Potential Roles in Plant Salicylic Acid Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3507
Author(s):  
Jianlong Zhao ◽  
Zhenchuan Mao ◽  
Qinghua Sun ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Heng Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Shock Proteins

Plant-parasitic nematodes secrete a series of effectors to promote parasitism by modulating host immunity, but the detailed molecular mechanism is ambiguous. Animal parasites secrete macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-like proteins for evasion of host immune systems, in which their biochemical activities play essential roles. Previous research demonstrated that MiMIF-2 effector was secreted by Meloidogyne incognita and modulated host immunity by interacting with annexins. In this study, we show that MiMIF-2 had tautomerase activity and protected nematodes against H2O2 damage. MiMIF-2 expression not only decreased the amount of H2O2 generation during nematode infection in Arabidopsis, but also suppressed Bax-induced cell death by inhibiting reactive oxygen species burst in Nicotiana benthamiana. Further, RNA-seq transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR showed that the expression of some heat-shock proteins was down regulated in MiMIF-2 transgenic Arabidopsis. After treatment with flg22, RNA-seq transcriptome analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes in MiMIF-2 expressing Arabidopsis were pointed to plant hormone signal transduction, compound metabolism and plant defense. RT-qPCR and metabolomic results confirmed that salicylic acid (SA) related marker genes and SA content were significantly decreased. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of how MiMIF-2 modulates plant immunity and broaden knowledge of the intricate relationship between M. incognita and host plants.

scholarly journals Evidence for a Role of Gibberellins in Salicylic Acid-Modulated Early Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress in Arabidopsis Seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 1335-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Alonso-Ramírez ◽  
Dolores Rodríguez ◽  
David Reyes ◽  
Jesús Angel Jiménez ◽  
Gregorio Nicolás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Responses

scholarly journals Plant leaf Damage Detection using Segmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 238-243
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Advanced Technologies

A primary source of livelihood is agriculture. In developing country like India, wide-ranging employment opportunities are provided by Agriculture for the villagers. Various crops are included in the agricultural system of India and 70% of the population depends upon agriculture as reported by survey. Because of lagging in technical knowledge, manual cultivation is adopted by majority of the Indian farmers. The kind of crops that grows well on their land is unaware by the farmers. The agriculture production is affected by the heterogeneous diseases that affect the plant leaves and result in the productive loss. Moreover, the quality as well as quantity of the agricultural production is reduced by it. A key role is played by the leaves in the rapid growth of the plants and production of crops. The identification of diseases related to plant leaf is a difficult task for the farmers and for the researchers. At present, various pesticides were sprayed on the plants that directly or indirectly affect the human health and the economy. Various methods must be adopted for detecting these kinds of plant diseases. This paper presents a review of various plant diseases and several advanced technologies in detecting the diseases.

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