PSII Photochemistry and Antioxidant Responses of a Chickpea Variety Exposed to Drought

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuǧçe Kalefetoǧlu Macar ◽  
Yasemin Ekmekçi
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Psii Photochemistry

The effect of drought on the chickpea variety ILC 3279 was investigated at the vegetative stage. After 20 days from sowing, the plants subjected to drought stress for 3, 5 and 7 days imposed by withholding water were permitted to recover by rewatering for 2 days after 3, 5 and 7 days of drought. Shoot elongation, leaf production, fresh and dry biomass reduced while MDA and proline accumulation increased with extended duration of stress. The plants stressed for 3 days exhibited a rapid drop in their relative and absolute water contents. The quantum efficiency of PSII open centres in the dark-adapted and light-saturated state, excitation energy trapping of PSII and electron transport rate decreased significantly from the 5th day to the end of the drought treatments. Plants drought-stressed for 7 days brought about a marked increase in non-photochemical energy dissipation and a marked decline in photochemical quenching. After rewatering all chlorophyll a fluorescence characteristics except for FM completely recovered and reached the control values. Under 5 and 7 days of drought, the anthocyanin content increased gradually while the total chlorophyll content of leaves declined compared to the controls. The total carotenoid content remained unchanged during the experiments. The antioxidant enzyme response to drought treatments was quite variable. The total SOD activity upregulated with increasing duration of stress. On the other hand, the total APX activity was significantly higher only on the 7th day while the total POD activity increased from the 5th day. Differences in the total GR activity of treated groups were not statistically significant compared to their controls throughout the treatments. The present results indicate that the chickpea variety ILC 3279 withstands severe drought with its upregulated protective mechanisms at the vegetative stage.

scholarly journals α-Tocopherol Protection Against Drought-Induced Damage In Rosmarinus Officinalis L. And Melissa Officinalis L.

1999 ◽  
Vol 54 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Munné-Bosch ◽  
Karin Schwarz ◽  
Leonor Alegre
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

Summer diurnal variations of photosynthesis and α-tocopherol content were measured in relation to natural drought in field-grown rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) plants. During the summer relative water contents (RWC) of ca. 40% in Rosmarinus officinalis and ca. 30% in Melissa officinalis were attained, indicating severe drought. Both species showed similar diurnal patterns of net CO2 assimilation rates (A) with a wide plateau of maximum photosynthesis at midday in the absence of drought and one peak of maximum photosynthesis early in the morning under drought conditions. Net CO2 assimilation rates decreased by ca. 75% due to drought in both species. Melissa officinalis plants showed a significant decrease in the relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm) and chlorophyll content of leaves by ca. 25% under drought conditions at midday. In contrast, ΦPSII, Fv/Fm and chlorophyll content remained constant throughout the experiment in R. officinalis plants. Although the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence increased from ca. 1.8 to 3 and the a-tocopherol content rose fifteen fold in both species in response to drought, only R. officinalis plants were able to avoid oxidative damage under drought conditions by the joint increase of carotenoids and α-tocopherol

scholarly journals Chlorophyll α Fluorescence Parameters as an Indicator to Identify Drought Susceptibility in Common Bush Bean

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alefsi David Sánchez-Reinoso ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo Ligarreto-Moreno ◽  
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Bush Bean

The common bean is susceptible to drought conditions and the evaluation of plant responses to low water availability can be difficult. The quantification of chlorophyll fluorescence as a sensitive trait to environmental stresses is an important alternative in the characterization of drought-susceptible genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate mainly the use of chlorophyll α fluorescence (maximum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching (qP), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ)) and rapid light-response curves (RLCs) (initial slope of the curve (α), minimum saturation irradiance (Ik) and maximum relative electron transport rate (ETRmax)) parameters as tools for the identification of susceptible or tolerant bush bean cultivars to water deficit stress conditions in two different phenological stages. Using a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement, five bush bean cultivars (Cerinza, Bachue, NUA35, Bacata and Bianca) were evaluated under water deficit conditions by the suspension of irrigation for 15 days from 40 to 55 Days after Emergence (DAE) (vegetative stage) or 50 to 65 DAE (reproductive stage). The results showed that Fv/Fm and NPQ recorded the highest variation due to water deficit conditions, especially in the vegetative stage. The greatest reductions in Fv/Fm (0.67) and NPQ (0.71) were evidenced in cultivar NUA35 compared to its control plants (0.78 and 1.07, respectively). The parameters obtained from RLCs showed that cultivar Bacata registered the lowest α (0.17) and Ik (838.19 μmol∙m−2∙s−1) values compared to its control plants (α 0.23; Ik 769.99 μmol∙m−2∙s−1). Differences were only obtained in ETRmax in the reproductive stage (50–65 DAE) in which cultivar NUA35 reached values of 158.5 in stressed plants compared to control plants (251.22). In conclusion, the parameters derived from RLCs such as α and Ik can be used as tools to identify drought susceptibility in the vegetative stage, whereas ETRmax can be used in the reproductive stage. In addition, PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm and NPQ) can also help to understand the agronomic responses of common bush bean cultivars to drought conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen supply level on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of rice under salt stress

2019 ◽  
pp. 741
Author(s):  
Chen Xu ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Xiaolong Liu ◽  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
Fenglou Ling
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Plasma Membrane Permeability ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Lower Magnitude

The change of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of rice were studied in five nitrogen levels during tillering, booting, and heading periods under salt stress. The net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), apparent mesophyll conductance (AMC), effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) were significantly declined under salt stress and exhibited a lower magnitude of decline in the 2N, 1N, and 1/2N treatments respectively during tillering, booting, and heading periods. The stomatal limit value (Ls), Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and plasma membrane permeability were significantly increased and exhibited a lower magnitude of increase in the 2N, 1N, and 1/2N treatments respectively during tillering, booting, and heading periods. The amount of nitrogen in the nutrient solution should be reduced 50% after the heading period to decrease salt damage to rice under salt stress.

scholarly journals Growth and Photoacclimation Strategies of Three Zostera Species Along a Vertical Gradient: Implications for Seagrass Zonation Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Rul Park ◽  
Kyeonglim Moon ◽  
Seung Hyeon Kim ◽  
Kun-Seop Lee
Keyword(s):  
Light Curve ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Vertical Zonation ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Rapid Light Curve ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Zonation Patterns

Seagrasses typically display vertical zonation patterns in tropical and temperate areas. In East Asia, three Zostera species (Z. japonica, Z. marina, and Z. caespitosa) are distributed at different water depths, leading to zonation patterns from intertidal to subtidal zones. The present study aimed to determine whether these patterns could be explained by differences in their physiological responses, morphological traits, and meadows architecture caused by depth variations. Intertidal Zostera japonica had the lowest shoot height and blade width and the highest shoot density, while subtidal Z. caespitosa exhibited the largest specific leaf area. Total carotenoid content and the total chlorophyll/total carotenoid ratio were significantly higher in Z. japonica than in Z. marina or Z. caespitosa. The average carbon stable isotope (δ13C) values were significantly less negative in Z. caespitosa than in Z. marina and Z. japonica. The average maximum relative electron transport rate was higher for Z. marina than for Z. japonica and Z. caespitosa, while the maximum quantum yield values were higher for Z caespitosa than for Z. japonica and Z. marina. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of Z. japonica extinguished within 5-min following the rapid light curve, indicating that most of its NPQ was energy-dependent quenching (qE). The rapid light curve (RLC) parameters and leaf relaxation after RLC showed that Z. japonica is a high-light adapted species and Z. caespitosa is a low-light adapted one. Additionally, Z. caespitosa showed the lowest dark respiration values and Z. japonica, the highest, suggesting that Z. caespitosa can survive with low photosynthetic activity. These results suggested that interspecific variations in the morphological and physiological characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, and meadows architecture of three Zostera species were associated with vertical zonation patterns and likely explain their patterns.

Near infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometric algorithms for predicting chemical components in black goji berries (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arslan ◽  
Zou Xiaobo ◽  
Hu Xuetao ◽  
Haroon Elrasheid Tahir ◽  
Jiyong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Chemometric Algorithms

Fourier-transform near infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometric algorithms was applied comparatively for the quantification of chemical compositions in black wolfberry. The compositional parameters, i.e. total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin content, total carotenoid content, total sugar, and total acid were performed for quantification. Model results were evaluated using the correlation coefficients of determination for calibration (R2) and prediction (r2), root-mean-square error of prediction and residual predictive deviation. The findings revealed that the performances of models based on variable selection such as synergy interval-PLS, backward interval-PLS and genetic algorithm-PLS were better than the classical PLS. The performance of the developed models yielded 0.88 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.97, 0.87 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.94 and 1.75 ≤ RPD ≤ 4.00. The overall results showed that the FT-NIR spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometric algorithms could be used for the quantification of the chemical composition of black wolfberry samples.

scholarly journals Biochemical studies on protein, phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Sida cordifolia extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
S. Arshad ◽  
I. Hussain ◽  
M. Ibrahim ◽  
M. Imran ◽  
M. A. Assiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Flower Tissue ◽  
Sida Cordifolia

The study aimed to characterize the antioxidant properties regarding the Sida cordifolia with special reference to its detailed biochemical analysis. The study revealed that chlorophyll A (0.9 ± 0.3 mg/g), total chlorophyll content (3.0 ± 0.7 mg/g), total carotenoid content (0.3 ± 0.1 mg/g), total soluble proteins (7.5 ± 0.1 mg/g), and total phenolic contents (5.6 ± 1.3 mg/g) were found highest in flower tissue of S. cordifolia. However, peroxidase (POD) contents (118 ± 31 units/g), superoxide dismutase (SOD)  activity (64 ± 1.5 units/g) were maximum in the leaf tissues, while catalase (CAT)  contents (133 ± 25 units/g), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)  contents (145 ± 44 units/g) were also found more in the flowers of S. cordifolia rather than other parts. Our results conclude that leaves, stem, flower of S. cordifolia could be exploited in pharmacology due to presence of different antioxidants reflected in flower and leaf extract make them potent and profound therapeutic agents.                     KEY WORDS: Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenolics, Antioxidant, Sida cordifolia   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(2), 427-434 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i2.18

ВПЛИВ ДЖЕРЕЛ АЗОТНОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ НА СИНТЕЗ КАРОТИНОЇДІВ ДЕЯКИМИ ШТАМАМИ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТІВ

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
A. K. Veligodska ◽  
O. V. Fedotov ◽  
A. S. Petreeva
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Carotenoid Accumulation ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Peptone Medium ◽  
Acetone Extracts

<p>The influence of certain nitrogen compounds - components of glucose-peptone medium (GPM) on the accumulation of carotenoids by some strains was investigated by surface cultivating basidiomycetes. The total carotenoid content was set in acetone extracts of mycological material spectrophotometrically and calculated using the Vetshteyn formula.</p> <p>As the nitrogen-containing components used GPM with 9 compounds, such as peptone, DL-valine, L-asparagine, DL-serine, DL-tyrosine, L-proline, L-alanine, urea, NaNO<sub>3</sub>. The effect on the accumulation of specific compounds both in the mycelium and in the culture fluid of carotenoids by culturing certain strains of Basidiomycetes was identified.</p> <p>Adding to standard glucose-peptone medium peptone at 5 g/l causes an increase of carotenoid accumulation by strain <em>L. sulphureus</em> Ls-08, and in a concentration of 4 g/l by strains of <em>F. hepatica </em>Fh-18 and <em>F. fomentarius</em> Ff-1201.</p> <p>In order to increase the accumulation of carotenoids in the mycelium  we suggested to make a standard glucose-peptone medium with proline or valine for cultivating of <em>L. sulphureus</em> Ls- 08 strain; alanine for <em>F. fomentarius</em> Ff-1201 strain; proline, asparagine and serine - for strain Fh-18 of <em>F. hepatica</em>. The results can be implemented in further optimization of the composition of the nutrient medium for culturing strains of Basidiomycetes wich producing carotenoids.</p> <p><em>Keywords: nitrogen-containing substances, Basidiomycetes, mycelium</em><em>,</em><em> culture filtrate, carotenoids</em></p>

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential of Algae Extracts for Extending the Shelf Life of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillets

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 910
Author(s):  
María I. Sáez ◽  
María D. Suárez ◽  
Francisco J. Alarcón ◽  
Tomás F. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content

This study evaluates the potential of different algae extracts (Crassiphycus corneus, Cc; Ulva ohnoi, Uo; Arthrospira platensis, Ap; Haematococcus pluvialis, Hp) as additives for the preservation of rainbow trout fillets. The extracts were prepared with different water to ethanol ratios from the four algae species. The highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was observed in Uo extracted in 80% ethanol. Ap aqueous extract also had considerable FRAP activity, in agreement with a high total phenolic content. Radical scavenging activity (DPPH) was higher in Cc 80% ethanol extract, in agreement with a high total carotenoid content. In fact, when the algae aqueous extracts were assayed on the fish fillets, their antioxidant activity exceeded that of ascorbic acid (ASC). All algae extracts delayed microbial growth and lipid oxidation processes in trout fillets throughout the cold storage period compared to controls, and also improved textural parameters, these effects being more evident for Ap and Hp. With respect to the color parameters, the Hp extract prevented the a* values (redness) from decreasing throughout cold storage, a key point when it comes to colored species, not least salmonids. On the other hand, the Ap extract was not as effective as the rest of treatments in avoiding a* and b* decrease throughout the storage period, and thereby the color parameters were impaired. The results obtained, together with the natural origin and the viability for large-scale cultivation, make algae extracts interesting fish preservative agents for the food industry.

scholarly journals Plant Carotenoids as Pigment Sources in Laying Hen Diets: Effect on Yolk Color, Carotenoid Content, Oxidative Stability and Sensory Properties of Eggs

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Kristina Kljak ◽  
Klaudija Carović-Stanko ◽  
Ivica Kos ◽  
Zlatko Janječić ◽  
Goran Kiš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Total Carotenoid ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Dietary Content ◽  
Sensory Color ◽  
Carotenoid Profile

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a supplementation diet for hens consisting of dried basil herb and flowers of calendula and dandelion for color, carotenoid content, iron-induced oxidative stability, and sensory properties of egg yolk compared with commercial pigment (control) and marigold flower. The plant parts were supplemented in diets at two levels: 1% and 3%. In response to dietary content, yolks from all diets differed in carotenoid profile (p < 0.001). The 3% supplementation level resulted in a similar total carotenoid content as the control (21.25 vs. 21.79 μg/g), but by 3-fold lower compared to the 3% marigold (66.95 μg/g). The tested plants did not achieve yolk color fan values as the control (13.47) or 3% marigold (11.47), and among them, calendula had the highest values (9.73). Despite the low carotenoid content in diets supplemented with basil herb, iron-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was low as for marigold (on average 106.83 vs. 92.68 ng/g after 250 min). The treatments differed in sensory color scores for fresh and hard-boiled yolks and flavor while other sensory properties were similar. In conclusion, the supplementation of plants in a hen diet may result in yolks containing carotenoids and other compounds showing a high antioxidant effect.

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