Environmental alterations in biofuel generating molecules in Zilla spinosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemmat Khattab ◽  
Zeinab El Marid
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Total Oil

Abstract Now days, production of fuels and petrochemicals from renewable lignocellulosic biomass is an indispensable issue to meet the growing energy demand. Meanwhile, the changes in the climate and soil topography influence the growth and development as well as canopy level of the lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, Zilla spinosa Turr (Zilla) plants with similar age and size were collected from three main sectors (upstream, midstream, and downstream) of Wadi Hagul during spring (April) and summer (July) seasons. Environmental stresses evoked reduction in the energy trapping pigments concomitant with increments in chlorophyll fluorescence in summer harvested plants particularly at downstream. Furthermore, the biofuels generating compounds including carbohydrate, lignin, and lipid making the plant biomasses are greatly affected by environmental conditions. Greater amount of lignin was estimated in summer harvested Z. spinosa shoots particularly at downstream. Moreover, the total oil content which is a promising source of biodiesel was considerably decreased during summer season particularly at downstream. The physical properties of the lipids major constituent fatty acid methyl esters determine the biofuel properties and contribute in the adaptation of plants against environmental stresses. Hence, the analysis of fatty acid profile showed significant modifications under combined drought and heat stress displayed in the summer season. The maximum increase in saturated fatty acid levels including tridecanoic acid (C13:0), pentadeanoic acid (C15:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), and stearic acid (C18:0) were estimated in spring harvested Z. spinosa aerial portions particularly at midstream. In spite of the reduction in the total oil content, a marked increase in the value of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio and thereby the unsaturation index were achieved during the dry summer period. Henceforth, these seasonal and spatial variations in fatty acids profiles may contribute in the acclimatization of Z. spinosa plants to soil water scarcity associated with heat stress experienced during summer. In addition, the alterations in the fatty acid profiles may match biofuel requirements. In conclusion, the most adequate growing season (spring) will be decisive for achieving high lipid productivity associated with improved biofuel quality in terms of high saturated fatty acids percentage that improves its cetane number. However, the dry summer season enhanced the accumulation of greater amount of lignin that may enhance the biodiesel quantity.

scholarly journals Oil content, lipid profiling and oxidative stability of “Sefri” Moroccan pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil

OCL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hajib ◽  
Issmail Nounah ◽  
Hicham Harhar ◽  
Said Gharby ◽  
Badreddine Kartah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Punicic Acid ◽  
Pomegranate Seed

The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition (fatty acids, tocopherols, and sterols) and evaluate the oxidative stability of Moroccan pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed oil. The oil content of pomegranate seed was 22.63 g/100g of dry weight. The fatty acid composition showed a dominance of conjugated linolenic acids (CLnAs) (86.96 g/100g). The most dominant fatty acid was punicic acid (75.1 g/100g), followed by catalpic acid (6.7 g/100g) and linoleic acid with amounts of 4.11 g/100g. The seed oil only contained a low level of saturated fatty acids with palmitic (2.64 g/100g) and stearic acids (1.73 g/100g) as main saturated fatty acids. The sterol marker, β-sitosterol, accounted for 404.59 mg/100g of the total sterol content in the seed oil. Total tocopherol content in seed oil was 332.44 mg/100g. γ-tocopherol (190.47 mg/100g oil) is the major constituent, followed by α-tocopherol (74.62 mg/100g oil) and δ-tocopherol (53.3 mg/100g oil). The induction time calculated by the Rancimat accelerated method was found to be of 3.6 h at 120 °C. In terms of oil, pomegranate seed oil may be considered as a valuable source for new multipurpose products with industrial, cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses.

scholarly journals Changes in N, K, and Fatty Acid Composition of Black Cumin Seeds Affected by Nitrogen Doses under Supplemental Potassium Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehra Aytac ◽  
Nurdilek Gulmezoglu ◽  
Tugce Saglam ◽  
Engin Gokhan Kulan ◽  
Ugur Selengil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Potassium Application

This study was carried out to determine the efficiency of nitrogen (N) doses (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N ha−1) under supplemental potassium (K) application (50 kg K2O ha−1) on black cumin in 2011 and 2012. The results showed that increased N levels resulted in increasing seed yield and N and K contents in seed, while oil content decreased. The seed yield and oil yield were peaked at the doses of 60 kg N ha−1and 50 kg K ha−1. An increase in N doses caused a reduction in oil content regardless of K supply. Saturated fatty acids and oleic acid were slightly increased by K application, while minor changes in linoleic acid were detected. It was concluded that 60 kg N ha−1with supplemental K application should be advised for enhancement in seed yield, oil yield, and N and K contents in seeds of black cumin without significant changes in fatty acid composition.

scholarly journals Oil content and fatty acid profile of selected poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) landraces and modern cultivars  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matěj Satranský ◽  
Adéla Fraňková ◽  
Perla Kuchtová ◽  
Kateřina Pazderů ◽  
Ivana Capouchova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Total Oil

The oil content and fatty acid composition were determined in the seed of 19 poppy genotypes (both landraces and modern cultivars) grown in three-year field trials. The total oil content ranged from 34.56–44.76%. The oil content in white-seeded genotypes (40.73–44.76%) exceeded the oil content in blue-seeded genotypes (34.56–40.34%) and ocher-seeded genotypes (38.36–42.69%). Linoleic acid (71.41–74.02%), oleic acid (12.35–15.51%) and palmitic acid (8.95–10.29%) were the most abundant fatty acids in the evaluated seeds of poppy genotypes. A significant negative correlation (–0.7574**) was found between linoleic and oleic fatty acids. The sum of polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and saturated (SFA) fatty acids ranged from 72.43–74.91%, 12.90–16.14% and 10.99–12.46% of the total fatty acids, respectively. Both the total oil content and the content of individual fatty acids were mainly affected by the crop year (weather conditions); however, the effect of genotype and year × genotype interaction was also significant. Due to the favourable composition of fatty acids, the evaluated poppy genotypes can be<br /> a good source of nutritionally valuable oil.  

scholarly journals Oil content and fatty acid composition of soybean (Glysine max L.) genotypes evaluated under rainfed conditions of Kashmir Himalayas in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 910-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mohammad Sultan ◽  
Nilamani Dikshit ◽  
Umesh J. Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Kashmir Himalayas ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

Soybean (Glycine max), a multipurpose crop with much appreciated nutritional and functional properties, has generated a lot of interest during last few decades for improving its cultivation and characteristics. Besides having a great potential of energy-protein malnutrition eradication, it can contribute greatly to edible oil pool in the region. This study investigates some agro-morphological characters, besides seed oil content and fatty acid composition of two local soybean genotypes labeled as S/D-18 and S/D-22 grown under rainfed conditions of Kashmir Himalayas in India. The genotype S/D-22 matured earlier than that of S/D-18. Seed yield/plant of 18.5 g (S/D-18) and 20.1g (S/D-22) was recorded in these genotypes with 100-seed weight of 14.3 g and 14.7 g respectively. Seeds of genotype S/D-18 yielded an oil content of 19.54% while in genotype S/D-22 oil content of 19.74% was recorded. Fatty acids of myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linoleinic were detected and quantified in the oil extracted from the seeds of these genotypes. Saturated fatty acids constituted 11.88%(S/D-18) and 11.42%(S/D-22) while unsaturated fatty acids constituted 88.12% (S/D-18) and 88.58% (S/D-22) of the oil. The study has thus, revealed that under dry land conditions, although soybean seed yield/plant is lesser, percentage oil content and fatty acid composition essentially remained unaltered and that significant differences can occur in individual fatty acid contents between genotypes.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Compositions of Mixed Microalgae from Tilapia Fish Ponds

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Norhafizah Osman ◽  
Hishamuddin Omar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Microalgae has been getting broad attention of researchers and investors lately, especially when discussing on healthy food and energy sources for the future. In this study, twelve samples of mixed microalgae from outdoor ponds were analyzed for their fatty acid compositions. The potential of microalgae to solve variety of world’s problems was not realized because of bottleneck in microalgal supplies at reasonable cost. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine fatty acid profiles of mixed microalgae from tilapia fish ponds. The study was conducted in Tapak Ternakan Ikan, Taman Pertanian Universiti and Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Mixed microalgae were extracted for their lipids with methanol: chloroform mixture and after transesterification, the fatty acid methyl ester were analyzed using gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector. Results showed that saturated was the major constituent fatty acids. The average percentages of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids obtained were 45.62 ± 1.37%, 20.05 ± 1.14%, and 34.33 ± 3.17% respectively. The most dominant fatty acid profiles were C18:3n3 (α-linolenic acid) and C16:0 (palmitic acid), with the overall percentages of 19.97% and 19.40% respectively. The fatty acid profiles of mixed microalgae was good with a decent balance of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Boron application affecting the yield and fatty acid composition of soybean genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Hamurcu ◽  
Derya Arslan ◽  
Erdogan Esref Hakki ◽  
M. Musa Ozcan ◽  
Anamika Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The effects of different boron (B) dosages (0, 2 and 12 mg B/kg) were determined on four soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars, namely 13935, Türksoy, ME 3399 and Deficiency. B contents of the dried plant samples, dry weight, total oil, biomass, seed yield (g/pot), seed protein contents and seed fatty acid compositions were estimated. The seed protein content and shoot dry weight of soybean cultivars increased and decreased with B supply, respectively. The seed oil of cv. Türksoy had the highest ratio of stearic and oleic acids under 2 mg B/kg treatment. The highest total oil content under 12 mg B/kg treatment was observed in cv. Deficiency with 8% higher total oil content. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids decreased in cvs. 13935 and ME 3399, and increased in cvs. Türksoy and Deficiency at B treatments. Seeds oil of cvs. 13935 and ME 3399 showed the highest α-linolenic acid levels under 2 mg B/kg and 12 mg B/kg soil treatment, respectively. The study revealed that high concentrations of boron had a diminishing effect on seed yield (except cv. Türksoy), increasing effect on protein content and variable effect on saturated and unsaturated fatty acid compositions. This specifies the involvement of boron in the formation of seed protein and fatty acids in soybean. However, detailed research is required to understand the mechanisms behind the process.

scholarly journals Oil and Fatty Acid Contents of White Sorghum Varieties under Soaking, Cooking, Germination and Fermentation Processing for Improving Cereal Quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Moneim M.R. AFIFY ◽  
Hossam Saad El-BELTAGI ◽  
Samiha M. ABD EL-SALAM ◽  
Azza A. OMRAN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosenoic Acid ◽  
Relative Percentage

The changes in lipid and fatty acid contents after soaking, cooking, germination and fermentation of three white sorghum varietieswere studied to improve cereal quality. The results revealed that oil in raw sorghum varieties ranged from 3.58 to 3.91%, respectively and‘Dorado’ represents the highest variety in oil content. As general trend after germination, oil content was decreased. Fatty acid contents ofraw sorghum contains palmitic (12.10 to 13.41%), palmitoleic (0.47 to 1.31%), stearic (1.13 to 1.36%), oleic (33.64 to 40.35%), linoleic(42.33 to 49.94%), linolenic (1.53 to 1.72%), arachidic (0.10 to 0.18%) and eicosenoic acid (0.24 to 0.39% of total lipid). ‘Dorado’ wasthe highest variety in oleic acid while ‘Shandaweel-6’ was the highest variety in palmitic, stearic, linolenic, arachidic, eicosenoic acid andtotal saturated fatty acids. ‘Giza-15’ was the highest variety in palmitoleic, linoleic, total unsaturated fatty acids and ratio of unsaturatedto saturated fatty acids. Fatty acids relative percentage changed after soaking, cooking, germination and fermentation.

scholarly journals Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Almond Kernels from Different Genotypes and California Production Regions

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Abdallah ◽  
Miguel H. Ahumada ◽  
Thomas M. Gradziel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Kernel Oil

Seed of California almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb, syn. P. amygdalus Batsch, and P. communis (L.) Arcangeli, non-Huds.] genotypes contained very low saturated fatty acids, high monounsaturated fatty acids, and low polyunsaturated fatty acids. Kernel oil consisted primarily of five fatty acids: palmetic, palmetoleic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic. Linolenic acid was only present in amounts of <0.02% and only in a few samples. Small but significant differences among genotypes and sampling sites were found in the proportions of palmetic, palmetoleic, and stearic fatty acids. The major differences in fatty acid composition among genotypes was found in the proportions of oleic, a monounsaturated fatty acid, and linoleic, a polyunsaturated fatty acid. The proportion of oleic acid was highest, ranging from ≈62% to 76%, and was highly and negatively correlated with linoleic acid levels. Usable genetic variation and a significant genotype × environment interaction were identified for oil content and composition. The introgression of new germplasm from peach and related species does not appear to reduce oil quantity or quality, and may offer opportunities for further genetic improvement of kernel oil composition.

scholarly journals Fatty acids composition of Cystoseira sauvageauana and Laurencia pinnatifida collected from the Algerian coast

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Affaf Kord ◽  
Yazid Cherif ◽  
Malek Amiali ◽  
Mohamed Mustapha ◽  
Radhouane Benfares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Algerian Coast

Algae are a significant part of biodiversity and studies on their bioactive compounds are numerous. The aim of this work was to study the fatty acid profile of Cystoseira sauvageauana and Laurencia pinnatifida collected from the Algerian coast. Different conventional and alternative methods were used for lipids extraction and GCMS analysis for fatty acids methyl esters identification. The lipids content was low (<1%) for the two species while the highest yield was obtained by Folch method assisted with a pulsed electric field. The identified fatty acids in both species ranged from C14 to C20 carbon atoms, of which palmitic acid was the major compound. Regarding polyunsaturated fatty acids, in C. sauvageauana arachidonic acid (C20:4) was the major constituent in extraction methods using the chloroform: methanol mixture as solvent, while in the method using hexane, linoleic acid (C18:2) was found as the main constituent. In L. pinnatifida, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) was the major fatty acid followed by arachidonic acid. In comparison between the two species the best polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids ratio was found in ultrasound assisted methods in C. sauvageauana. The omega-6/omega-3 ratio was considered satisfactory for both species; however, it was better in L. pinnatifida. The obtained results showed the influence of the solvent and the extraction method on the total lipid yield and the fatty acids composition in algal extracts. In addition, these two species could find an application in the field of food and pharmaceuticals.

THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE OIL CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF THE OILS FROM SEVERAL OIL SEED CROPS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Canvin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Seed Crops

Plants of rape, safflower, sunflower, flax, and castor bean were grown at temperatures of 10, 16, 21, and 26.5 °C for the period of seed development. Oil content of sunflower, safflower, and castor bean was not affected by temperature. Highest oil content in rape and flax was found at the lowest temperature and a continual decrease was observed with increases in temperature. Fatty acid composition of the oil from safflower and castor bean was not affected by a change in temperature. In the other three species the amount of the more highly unsaturated fatty acids decreased as the temperature was increased. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in oleic acid. The levels of saturated fatty acids in all of the species were not affected by changes in temperature.

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