Impact of water-soluble zwitterionic Zn(II) phthalocyanines against pathogenic bacteria

Abstract The photodynamic impact of water-soluble zwitterionic zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc1–4) was studied on pathogenic bacterial strains after specific light exposure (LED 665 nm). The structural differences between the studied ZnPc1–4 are in the positions and the numbers of substitution groups as well as in the bridging atoms (sulfur or oxygen) between substituents and macrocycle. The three peripherally substituted compounds (ZnPc1–3) are tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)oxypyridine (ZnPc1), tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc2), and octa-substituted 2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc3). The nonperipherally substituted compound is tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc4). The uptake and localization capability are studied on Gram (+) Enterococcus faecalis and Gram (−) Pseudomonas aeruginosa as suspensions and as 48 h biofilms. Relatively high accumulations of ZnPc1–4 show bacteria in suspensions with different cell density. The compounds have complete penetration in E. faecalis biofilms but with nonhomogenous distribution in P. aeruginosa biomass. The cytotoxicity test (Balb/c 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake) with ZnPc1–4 suggests the lack of dark toxicity on normal cells. However, only ZnPc3 has a minimal photocytotoxic effect toward Balb/c 3T3 cells and a comparable high potential in the photoinactivation of pathogenic bacterial species.

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Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Sparus aurata from Aquaculture

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8091343 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1343

Author(s):

Vanessa Salgueiro ◽

Vera Manageiro ◽

Narcisa M. Bandarra ◽

Lígia Reis ◽

Eugénia Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Growth Potential ◽

Quinolone Resistance ◽

World Health ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Health Organization ◽

Skin Samples

In a world where the population continues to increase and the volume of fishing catches stagnates or even falls, the aquaculture sector has great growth potential. This study aimed to contribute to the depth of knowledge of the diversity of bacterial species found in Sparus aurata collected from a fish farm and to understand which profiles of diminished susceptibility to antibiotics would be found in these bacteria that might be disseminated in the environment. One hundred thirty-six bacterial strains were recovered from the S. aurata samples. These strains belonged to Bacillaceae, Bacillales Family XII. Incertae Sedis, Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Erwiniaceae, Micrococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Staphylococcaceae families. Enterobacter sp. was more frequently found in gills, intestine and skin groups than in muscle groups (p ≤ 0.01). Antibiotic susceptibility tests found that non-susceptibility to phenicols was significantly higher in gills, intestine and skin samples (45%) than in muscle samples (24%) (p ≤ 0.01) and was the most frequently found non-susceptibility in both groups of samples. The group of Enterobacteriaceae from muscles presented less decreased susceptibility to florfenicol (44%) than in the group of gills, intestine and skin samples (76%). We found decreased susceptibilities to β-lactams and glycopeptides in the Bacillaceae family, to quinolones and mupirocin in the Staphylococcaceae family, and mostly to β-lactams, phenicols and quinolones in the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families. Seven Enterobacter spp. and five Pseudomonas spp. strains showed non-susceptibility to ertapenem and meropenem, respectively, which is of concern because they are antibiotics used as a last resort in serious clinical infections. To our knowledge, this is the first description of species Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Klebsiella michiganensis, Lelliottia sp. and Pantoea vagans associated with S. aurata (excluding cases where these bacteria are used as probiotics) and of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnrB19-producing Leclercia adecarboxylata strain. The non-synonymous G385T and C402A mutations at parC gene (within quinolone resistance-determining regions) were also identified in a Klebsiella pneumoniae, revealing decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. In this study, we found not only bacteria from the natural microbiota of fish but also pathogenic bacteria associated with fish and humans. Several antibiotics for which decreased susceptibility was found here are integrated into the World Health Organization list of “critically important antimicrobials” and “highly important antimicrobials” for human medicine.

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In-vitro evaluation of cisplatin nanoparticles encompass natural polymer

International Journal of Pharmacometrics and Integrated Biosciences ◽

10.26452/ijpib.v3i1.1204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Bhavani J ◽

Sunil Kumar Prajapati ◽

Ravichandran S

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Research Work ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Active Components ◽

Synthetic Drugs

Opportunistic bacterial infections are common in the various parts of human body. In recent years bacterial species have shown resistance against a number of synthetic drugs. This study measured the antibacterial activity of bacterial strains against five common pathogenic bacteria related strains. Cup plate method and two fold serial dilution method were used to evaluated by antibacterial activity by the help of different bacterial related strains. The results revealed that Cisplatin (CIP) using natural as a polymer showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 250 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml of the broth against all bacterial strains. CIP using natural as a polymer was prepared different doses1000 μg/ml and 2000 μg/ ml and measured zone of inhibition dose dementedly reduced when compared to standard. The CIP using natural as a polymer exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity against five different species of bacteria and this may be attributed to various active components. Our research work has been indicated Nanoparticles containing CIP using natural as a polymer formulated for the enhanced anti-cancer activity through antimicrobial mechanism.

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Polymicrobial and Monomicrobial Infections after Spinal Surgery: A Retrospective Study to Determine which Infection is more Severe

Asian Spine Journal ◽

10.4184/asj.2017.11.3.427 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 427-436

Author(s):

Shaoqiang Liu ◽

Qiang Qi ◽

Zhongqiang Chen ◽

Ning Liu ◽

Zhaoqing Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Surgery ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Postoperative Time ◽

The Difference ◽

Incisional Pain ◽

Polymicrobial Infections

<sec><title>Study Design</title>A retrospective clinical review.</sec><sec><title>Purpose</title>To investigate the difference in clinical manifestations and severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections after spinal surgery.</sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title>Surgical site infections (SSIs) after spinal surgery are a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for spinal surgeons. Polymicrobial infections after spinal surgery seem to result in poorer outcomes than monomicrobial infections because of complementary resistance to antibiotics. However, comparison of the clinical manifestations and severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections are limited.</sec><sec><title>Methods</title>Sixty-seven patients with SSIs after spinal surgery were studied: 20 patients with polymicrobial infections and 47 with monomicrobial infections. Pathogenic bacteria identified were counted and classified. Age, sex, and body mass index were compared between the two groups to identify homogeneity. The groups were compared for clinical manifestations by surgical site, postoperative time to infection, infection site, incisional drainage, incisional swelling, incisional pain, neurological signs, temperature, white blood cell count, and the percentage of neutrophils. Finally, the groups were compared for severity by hospital stay, number of rehospitalizations, number of debridements, duration of antibiotics administration, number of antibiotics administered, and implant removal.</sec><sec><title>Results</title>Polymicrobial infections comprised 29.9% of SSIs after spinal surgery, and most polymicrobial infections (70.0%) were caused by two species of bacteria only. There was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical manifestations and severity. In total, 96 bacterial strains were isolated from the spinal wounds: 60 strains were gram-positive and 36 were gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>, <italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis</italic>, <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>, and <italic>Enterobacter cloacae</italic> were cultured in order of the frequency of appearance.</sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title>Most polymicrobial infections were caused by two bacterial species after spinal surgery. There was no difference in clinical manifestations or severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections.</sec>

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Effect of Rhamnolipids on Pathogenicity Characteristics of Microorganisms in Organic Compost

Research in Molecular Medicine ◽

10.32598/rmm.9.1.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 39-50

Author(s):

Ciamak Ghazaei ◽

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Biological Research ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antiviral Activities ◽

Organic Compost

Background: Rhamnolipids are hydrophilic glycolipids, often classified as biosurfactants. They are produced by different bacterial species. Rhamnolipids are extensively studied in biological research because of their interesting features like antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Materials and Methods: To study the antimicrobial effect of rhamnolipid, we conducted a crosssectional study on the eight different pathogenic bacterial strains from November 2019 to June 2020. These bacterial strains were isolated from the organic compost. Both disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of rhamnolipids on these pathogenic bacteria. Also, protease and amylase enzyme activities were evaluated in these eight bacterial isolates. Results: For Bacillus stearothermophilus, within the area of 31.5 mm, no growth was observed, hence proving the inhibitory effect of rhamnolipid. After calculating the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum lethal concentrations (MLC) for each bacterial strain, it has been found that the studied bacteria were more susceptible to rhamnolipids than most of the antibiotics. Strains were also quantified for their enzymatic activity of proteases and amylases. The bacterial strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Brevibacillus brevis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bordetella petrii showed maximum protease activity. Whereas Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high amylase activity. Conclusion: Rhamnolipids can be used as a potential antimicrobial agent for treatment of infections.

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Active antibacterial coating of cotton fabrics with antimicrobial proteins

Cellulose ◽

10.1007/s10570-021-03997-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amy Y. Xu ◽

Duncan J. McGillivray ◽

Andrew J. Dingley

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Surface Composition ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Antimicrobial Proteins

AbstractThe prevention of bacteria colonization by immobilizing proteins with antimicrobial activity onto cotton fabrics was investigated. Such coatings have potential applications in medical dressing materials used in wound care and healing. Two antimicrobial proteins lysozyme and hydramacin-1 (HM-1) were surface immobilized through two linkers (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and citric acid in the presence of the water soluble carbodiimide coupling reagent 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate. Surface composition analysis by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies confirmed formation of the protein-cellulose conjugates. Antimicrobial activities of the different functionalized surfaces were found to vary between APTES and citric acid directed coatings. Citric acid immobilized lysozyme treated samples demonstrated superior activity against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, whereas APTES immobilized HM-1 treated samples demonstrated an advantage in inhibiting the growth of Gram-negative Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity and stability of citric acid immobilized protein fabrics following sonication, boiling and chemical treatment were noticeably higher than that of the corresponding APTES immobilized protein fabrics. The dual coating of fibers with both antimicrobial proteins afforded efficient antimicrobial activities against both bacterial species. The results suggest that coating cotton fibers with antimicrobial proteins and peptides represents a feasible approach for developing active surfaces that prohibit growth and colonization of bacterial strains and can be potentially used in medical cotton-based fabrics.

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THE IDENTIFICATION, PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATTOKINASE, BACTERIOCIN FROM BACTERIAL SPECIES

Bacterial Empire ◽

10.36547/be.2019.2.4.91-95 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Lal Krishna

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Blood Clot ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Wide Range

The study was aimed at identification, production and characterization of nattokinase, bacteriocin from bacterial species. Nattokinase and bacteriocins finds a wide range of applications in Pharmaceutical industry, health care and medicine. Nattokinase is a highly active fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by Bacillus subtilis and bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins produced by Lactobacillus to inhibit the growth of closely related bacterial strains. Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus isolates shown positive results to microscopic, biochemical analysis. The nattokinase and bacteriocins were produced by optimizing the media. The enzymes were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and HPLC. The enzyme activity for nattokinase was found at 7 mg/ml, pH 8.0 and temperature 48 ºC and the enzyme activity for bacteriocin was found at 3.9 mg/ml, pH 6.5 and temperature 30 °C. Bacteriocins from Lactobacillus showed good antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis played a significant role in thrombolytic and anti-coagulation at in vitro. The results indicated that the pure enzyme has a potential in dissolving blood clot.

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Evaluation of the cytocompatibility of mixed bovine bone

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402007000300001 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Esther Rieko Takamori ◽

Eduardo Aleixo Figueira ◽

Rumio Taga ◽

Mari Cleide Sogayar ◽

José Mauro Granjeiro

Keyword(s):

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Neutral Red ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Bovine Bone ◽

3T3 Cells ◽

Cell Based Therapy ◽

Viable Cells

Treatment of bovine bone with peroxides and chaotropic agents aims to obtain an acellular bone matrix that is able to maintain the collagen-apatite complex and a higher mechanical resistance, a mixed biomaterial hereby named mixed bovine bone (MBB). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytocompatibility of MBB and cell-MBB interaction. Cell morphology, number of viable cells, ability to reduce methyltetrazolium and to incorporate neutral red upon exposure to different concentrations of the hydrosoluble extract of MBB were assessed in Balb-c 3T3 cells according to ISO 10993-5 standard. The interaction between cells and MBB surface was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The water-soluble MBB extracts were cytotoxic and led to cell death possibly due to its effect on mitochondrial function and membrane permeability. Cells plated directly onto the MBB did not survive, although after dialysis and material conditioning in DMEM + 10% FCS, the cells adhered and proliferated onto the material. It may be concluded that, in vitro, water-soluble MBB extracts were cytotoxic. Nevertheless, MBB cytotoxic effect was reverted by dialysis resulting in a material that is suitable for cell based-therapy in the bioengineering field.

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PCR FINGERPRINTING OF DIVERSE GENOMES FROM BACTERIAL STRAINS USING UNIVERSAL RICE PRIMER (URP)

International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.24843/ijbb.2018.v06.i01.p06 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Hee Wan Kang

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Thermophilic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Rice Genome ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Agrobacterium Vitis ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

High Annealing ◽

Prokaryotic Genomes

Twenty primers of 20 mer referred to universal rice primer (URP) were developed from a repetitive sequence of rice genome. URP-PCR protocol employed stringent PCR with high annealing temperature throughout the thermo-cycling reaction, giving high reproducibility. Under the PCR condition, each single URP primer produced characteristic fingerprints from diverse genomes of bacterial species. The universal application of URP-PCR was demonstrated by applying it to 24 strains from Pectobacterium carotovoum subsp. carotovorum, 41 Agrobacterium vitis strains, 3 Xanthomonas spp. 5 Pseudomonas spp, Rhizobium sp. plant pathogenic bacteria, human and animal pathogenic bacterial strains including 6 Escherichia coli, 4 Salmonella spp., 7 Mycobacterium spp and 3 Blucella abortus strains. In addition, thermophilic bacteria were randomly isolated form high temperature compost and their URP-PCR polymorphisms were characterized with genetic relatedness. PCR approach using URP primers will be useful for studying DNA diversity of diverse prokaryotic genomes, especially at inter- and intra species levels.

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Quaternized Zn(II) phthalocyanines for photodynamic strategy against resistant periodontal bacteria

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2017-0167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (5-6) ◽

pp. 221-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vesselin Kussovski ◽

Vanya Mantareva ◽

Mahmut Durmuş ◽

Ivan Angelov

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Light Dose ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Drug Resistant Strains

AbstractPhotodynamic inactivation (PDI) has been featured as an effective strategy in the treatment of acute drug-resistant infections. The efficiency of PDI was evaluated against three periodontal pathogenic bacteria that were tested as drug-resistant strains. In vitro studies were performed with four water-soluble cationic Zn(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPc1–4) and irradiation of a specific light source (light-emitting diode, 665 nm) with three doses (15, 36 and 60 J/cm2). The well detectable fluorescence of ZnPcs allowed the cellular imaging, which suggested relatively high uptakes of ZnPcs into bacterial species. Complete photoinactivation was achieved with all studied ZnPc1–4forEnterococcus faecalis(E. faecalis) at a light dose of 15 J/cm2. The photodynamic response was high forPrevotella intermedia(P. intermedia) after the application of 6 μM of ZnPc1and a light dose of 36 J/cm2and for 6 μM of ZnPc2at 60 J/cm2.P. intermediawas inactivated with ZnPc3(4 log) and ZnPc4(2 log) with irradiation at an optimal dose of 60 J/cm2. Similar photoinactivation results (2 log) were achieved forAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans(A. actinomycetemcomitans) treated with 6 μM ZnPc1and ZnPc2at a light dose of 60 J/cm2. The study suggested that PDI with quaternized Zn(II) phthalocyanines and specific light irradiation appears to be a very useful antimicrobial strategy for effective inactivation of drug-resistant periodontal pathogens.

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Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v11i.8693 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽

Toshka Petrova ◽

Ignat Ignatov ◽

Stoil Karadzhov

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

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