scholarly journals THE IDENTIFICATION, PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATTOKINASE, BACTERIOCIN FROM BACTERIAL SPECIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Lal Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wide Range

The study was aimed at identification, production and characterization of nattokinase, bacteriocin from bacterial species. Nattokinase and bacteriocins finds a wide range of applications in Pharmaceutical industry, health care and medicine. Nattokinase is a highly active fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by Bacillus subtilis and bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins produced by Lactobacillus to inhibit the growth of closely related bacterial strains. Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus isolates shown positive results to microscopic, biochemical analysis.  The nattokinase and bacteriocins were produced by optimizing the media. The enzymes were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and HPLC. The enzyme activity for nattokinase was found at 7 mg/ml, pH 8.0 and temperature 48 ºC and the enzyme activity for bacteriocin was found at 3.9 mg/ml, pH 6.5 and temperature 30 °C. Bacteriocins from Lactobacillus showed good antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis played a significant role in thrombolytic and anti-coagulation at in vitro. The results indicated that the pure enzyme has a potential in dissolving blood clot.

scholarly journals Discovery and Characterization of Low-Molecular Weight Inhibitors of Erwinia tracheiphila

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-998
Author(s):  
Cláudio M. Vrisman ◽  
Loïc Deblais ◽  
Yosra A. Helmy ◽  
Reed Johnson ◽  
Gireesh Rajashekara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Erwinia Tracheiphila ◽  
Static Activity ◽  
Low Toxicity

Plant pathogenic bacteria in the genus Erwinia cause economically important diseases, including bacterial wilt of cucurbits caused by Erwinia tracheiphila. Conventional bactericides are insufficient to control this disease. Using high-throughput screening, 464 small molecules (SMs) with either cidal or static activity at 100 µM against a cucumber strain of E. tracheiphila were identified. Among them, 20 SMs (SM1 to SM20), composed of nine distinct chemical moiety structures, were cidal to multiple E. tracheiphila strains at 100 µM. These lead SMs had low toxicity to human cells and honey bees at 100 µM. No phytotoxicity was observed on melon plants at 100 µM, except when SM12 was either mixed with Silwet L-77 and foliar sprayed or when delivered through the roots. Lead SMs did not inhibit the growth of beneficial Pseudomonas and Enterobacter species but inhibited the growth of Bacillus species. Nineteen SMs were cidal to Xanthomonas cucurbitae and showed >50% growth inhibition against Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. In addition, 19 SMs were cidal or static against Erwinia amylovora in vitro. Five SMs demonstrated potential to suppress E. tracheiphila when foliar sprayed on melon plants at 2× the minimum bactericidal concentration. Thirteen SMs reduced Et load in melon plants when delivered via roots. Temperature and light did not affect the activity of SMs. In vitro cidal activity was observed after 3 to 10 h of exposure to these five SMs. Here, we report 19 SMs that provide chemical scaffolds for future development of bactericides against plant pathogenic bacterial species.

scholarly journals Selection of Promising Lactobacilli Antagonistic to Campylobacter Jejuni

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3983-3986
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection Of

This article reflects the results of a study on the selection of promising lactobacilli antagonistic to Campilobacter jejuni, a strain that is the most common and more pathogenic for humans, carried out as part of a project to scientifically substantiate the use of new technologies in poultry feeding using special probiotic strains that increase productivity and obtaining poultry products of improved quality with the properties of functional food products. During the study, strains of lactic acid bacteria were obtained. The cultivation of strains of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum was carried out on liquid and agarized nutrient media MRS at 370С for 24 hours. In vitro antagonistic studies were performed using the two-way antagonistic method on a wide range of indicator crops. Since there is evidence of a specific mechanism for the manifestation of the antagonistic activity of lactobacilli to gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, we used test strains of both groups of bacteria. The antagonistic activity of the studied cultures against pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria was determined by the zone of growth inhibition of indicator strains around the colonies of individual strains of lactobacilli and their consortium (in mm). Priority clinical isolates isolated from birds with intestinal infections were used as indicator cultures: Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter jejuni ATCC strains 33560. During the study, most bacterial strains of the genus Lactobacillus were highly antagonistic its activity against indicator strains. The most sensitive to the inhibitory effect of lactobacilli were E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, S. typhimurium and P. vulgaris. The research results showed that the strain L.plantarum ATCC 8014 exhibits a more pronounced antagonistic activity than other strains of lactobacilli.

In-vitro evaluation of cisplatin nanoparticles encompass natural polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Sunil Kumar Prajapati ◽  
Ravichandran S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

Opportunistic bacterial infections are common in the various parts of human body. In recent years bacterial species have shown resistance against a number of synthetic drugs. This study measured the antibacterial activity of bacterial strains against five common pathogenic bacteria related strains. Cup plate method and two fold serial dilution method were used to evaluated by antibacterial activity by the help of different bacterial related strains. The results revealed that Cisplatin (CIP) using natural as a polymer showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 250 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml of the broth against all bacterial strains. CIP using natural as a polymer was prepared different doses1000 μg/ml and 2000 μg/ ml and measured zone of inhibition dose dementedly reduced when compared to standard. The CIP using natural as a polymer exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity against five different species of bacteria and this may be attributed to various active components. Our research work has been indicated Nanoparticles containing CIP using natural as a polymer formulated for the enhanced anti-cancer activity through antimicrobial mechanism. 

Biochemical and molecular characterization of proteolytic bacterial strains isolated from Jazan region, KSA with the application as an antibacterial agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bander Mohammed Al-Thobaiti ◽  
Emad Abada ◽  
Khaled El-Gayar
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Crude Enzyme ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Objectives: Biochemical and molecular characterization of proteolytic bacterial strains isolated from Jazan region, KSA with the application as an antibacterial agent. Materials and Methods: Three samples were collected from extreme environment, Jazan, KSA. Skim milk nutrient agar medium was used for protease screening for several colonies by streaking method at 37°C. API biochemical kit was used to characterize the three isolates using some selective media. The genetic identification was done using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The sensitivity of the tested strains;Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae against the extracellular crude protease enzyme produced from the three isolated bacteria and different antibiotics was done. Results: The isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus cereus. B. cereus and B. licheniformis recorded high sensitivity (71%) against most antibiotics, in addition, B. subtilis showed resistance to Aztreonam only. It was found a considerable increase in the level of both of protease activity (units/ml) and bacterial growth (colony-forming units/ml) of the cultures that were directed by the B. subtilis and B. licheniformis up to 37°C then decreased at 45°C. On the contrary, the growth of B. cereus and its activity gradually increased up to 45°C. The enzyme activity and bacterial growth of B. subtilis and B. cereus strains were increased at alkaline medium. However, B. licheniformis gave the highest growth and activity at neutral pH. In addition, it was found that the enzyme activity and bacterial growth of B. subtilis were reached to the maximum at 5% NaCl. However, the maximum bacterial growth and enzyme activity for B. licheniformis and B. cereus was at 2% NaCl. It was found high effect on inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria using 5 μl of crude enzyme with specific enzyme activity 73, 76, and 92 (units/ml)/(mg protein/ml) for B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, and B. cereus, respectively. All pathogenic bacteria were totally inhibited with 10 μl of crude enzyme. Conclusion: The potential Bacillus proteases can promote new industry as antimicrobial agents.

Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽  
Toshka Petrova ◽  
Ignat Ignatov ◽  
Stoil Karadzhov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Antimicrobial Magnetron Cosputtered TiO2/Ag/Cu Composite Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Dilyana Gospodonova ◽  
Iliana Ivanova ◽  
Todorka Vladkova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

The aim of this study was to prepare TiO2/Ag/Cu magnetron co-sputtered coatings with controlled characteristics and to correlate them with the antimicrobial activity of the coated glass samples. The elemental composition and distribution, surface morphology, wettability, surface energy and its component were estimated as the surface characteristics influencing the bioadhesion. Well expressed, specific, Ag/Cu concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity in vitro was demonstrated toward Gram-negative and Gram-positive standard test bacterial strains both by diffusion 21 assay and by Most Probable Number of surviving cells. Direct contact and eluted silver/coper nanoparticles killing were experimentally demonstrated as a mode of the antimicrobial action of the studied TiO2/Ag/Cu thin composite coatings. It is expected that they would ensure a broad spectrum bactericidal activity during the indwelling of the coated medical devices and for at least 12 h after that, with the supposition that the benefits will be over a longer time.

scholarly journals Nanopore-Sequencing Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Melolontha melolontha Larvae: Contribution to Protection against Entomopathogenic Nematodes?

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Ewa Sajnaga ◽  
Marcin Skowronek ◽  
Agnieszka Kalwasińska ◽  
Waldemar Kazimierczak ◽  
Karolina Ferenc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Melolontha Melolontha

This study focused on the potential relationships between midgut microbiota of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha larvae and their resistance to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) infection. We investigated the bacterial community associated with control and unsusceptible EPN-exposed insects through nanopore sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant bacterial phyla within the complex and variable midgut microbiota of the wild M. melolontha larvae. The core microbiota was found to include 82 genera, which accounted for 3.4% of the total number of identified genera. The EPN-resistant larvae differed significantly from the control ones in the abundance of many genera belonging to the Actinomycetales, Rhizobiales, and Clostridiales orders. Additionally, the analysis of the microbiome networks revealed different sets of keystone midgut bacterial genera between these two groups of insects, indicating differences in the mutual interactions between bacteria. Finally, we detected Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus as gut residents and various bacterial species exhibiting antagonistic activity against these entomopathogens. This study paves the way to further research aimed at unravelling the role of the host gut microbiota on the output of EPN infection, which may contribute to enhancement of the efficiency of nematodes used in eco-friendly pest management.

scholarly journals In vitro conversion of proapoprotein A-I to apoprotein A-I. Partial characterization of an extracellular enzyme activity.

1983 ◽  
Vol 258 (19) ◽  
pp. 11430-11433 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Edelstein ◽  
J I Gordon ◽  
K Toscas ◽  
H F Sims ◽  
A W Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme ◽  
Extracellular Enzyme Activity ◽  
Partial Characterization

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophage ZCSE6 against Salmonella spp.: Phage Application in Milk

Biologics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-176
Author(s):  
Abdallah S. Abdelsattar ◽  
Anan Safwat ◽  
Rana Nofal ◽  
Amera Elsayed ◽  
Salsabil Makky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Food safety is very important in the food industry as most pathogenic bacteria can cause food-borne diseases and negatively affect public health. In the milk industry, contamination with Salmonella has always been a challenge, but the risks have dramatically increased as almost all bacteria now show resistance to a wide range of commercial antibiotics. This study aimed to isolate a bacteriophage to be used as a bactericidal agent against Salmonella in milk and dairy products. Here, phage ZCSE6 has been isolated from raw milk sample sand molecularly and chemically characterized. At different multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001, the phage–Salmonella interaction was studied for 6 h at 37 °C and 24 h at 8 °C. In addition, ZCSE6 was tested against Salmonella contamination in milk to examine its lytic activity for 3 h at 37 °C. The results showed that ZCSE6 has a small genome size (<48.5 kbp) and belongs to the Siphovirus family. Phage ZCSE6 revealed a high thermal and pH stability at various conditions that mimic milk manufacturing and supply chain conditions. It also demonstrated a significant reduction in Salmonella concentration in media at various MOIs, with higher bacterial eradication at higher MOI. Moreover, it significantly reduced Salmonella growth (MOI 1) in milk, manifesting a 1000-fold decrease in bacteria concentration following 3 h incubation at 37 °C. The results highlighted the strong ability of ZCSE6 to kill Salmonella and control its growth in milk. Thus, ZCSE6 is recommended as a biocontrol agent in milk to limit bacterial growth and increase the milk shelf-life.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on oral microorganisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Cogo ◽  
Michelle Franz Montan ◽  
Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi ◽  
Eduardo D. Andrade ◽  
Pedro Luiz Rosalen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on the viability of some oral bacterial species. It also evaluated the ability of these bacteria to metabolize those substances. Single-species biofilms of Streptococcus gordonii , Porphyromonas gingivalis , or Fusobacterium nucleatum and dual-species biofilms of S. gordonii – F. nucleatum and F. nucleatum – P. gingivalis were grown on hydroxyapatite discs. Seven species were studied as planktonic cells, including Streptococcus oralis , Streptococcus mitis , Propionibacterium acnes , Actinomyces naeslundii , and the species mentioned above. The viability of planktonic cells and biofilms was analyzed by susceptibility tests and time-kill assays, respectively, against different concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to quantify nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations in the culture media after the assays. Susceptibility tests and viability assays showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine cannot reduce or stimulate bacterial growth. High-performance liquid chromatography results showed that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine concentrations were not altered after bacteria exposure. These findings indicate that nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine, in the concentrations used, cannot affect significantly the growth of these oral bacterial strains. Moreover, these species do not seem to metabolize these substances.

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