scholarly journals Polymicrobial and Monomicrobial Infections after Spinal Surgery: A Retrospective Study to Determine which Infection is more Severe

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-436
Author(s):  
Shaoqiang Liu ◽  
Qiang Qi ◽  
Zhongqiang Chen ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Zhaoqing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Postoperative Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Incisional Pain ◽  
Polymicrobial Infections

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>A retrospective clinical review.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To investigate the difference in clinical manifestations and severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections after spinal surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Surgical site infections (SSIs) after spinal surgery are a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for spinal surgeons. Polymicrobial infections after spinal surgery seem to result in poorer outcomes than monomicrobial infections because of complementary resistance to antibiotics. However, comparison of the clinical manifestations and severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections are limited.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Sixty-seven patients with SSIs after spinal surgery were studied: 20 patients with polymicrobial infections and 47 with monomicrobial infections. Pathogenic bacteria identified were counted and classified. Age, sex, and body mass index were compared between the two groups to identify homogeneity. The groups were compared for clinical manifestations by surgical site, postoperative time to infection, infection site, incisional drainage, incisional swelling, incisional pain, neurological signs, temperature, white blood cell count, and the percentage of neutrophils. Finally, the groups were compared for severity by hospital stay, number of rehospitalizations, number of debridements, duration of antibiotics administration, number of antibiotics administered, and implant removal.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Polymicrobial infections comprised 29.9% of SSIs after spinal surgery, and most polymicrobial infections (70.0%) were caused by two species of bacteria only. There was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical manifestations and severity. In total, 96 bacterial strains were isolated from the spinal wounds: 60 strains were gram-positive and 36 were gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>, <italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis</italic>, <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>, and <italic>Enterobacter cloacae</italic> were cultured in order of the frequency of appearance.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Most polymicrobial infections were caused by two bacterial species after spinal surgery. There was no difference in clinical manifestations or severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections.</p></sec>

scholarly journals Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Sparus aurata from Aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Vanessa Salgueiro ◽  
Vera Manageiro ◽  
Narcisa M. Bandarra ◽  
Lígia Reis ◽  
Eugénia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Skin Samples

In a world where the population continues to increase and the volume of fishing catches stagnates or even falls, the aquaculture sector has great growth potential. This study aimed to contribute to the depth of knowledge of the diversity of bacterial species found in Sparus aurata collected from a fish farm and to understand which profiles of diminished susceptibility to antibiotics would be found in these bacteria that might be disseminated in the environment. One hundred thirty-six bacterial strains were recovered from the S. aurata samples. These strains belonged to Bacillaceae, Bacillales Family XII. Incertae Sedis, Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Erwiniaceae, Micrococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Staphylococcaceae families. Enterobacter sp. was more frequently found in gills, intestine and skin groups than in muscle groups (p ≤ 0.01). Antibiotic susceptibility tests found that non-susceptibility to phenicols was significantly higher in gills, intestine and skin samples (45%) than in muscle samples (24%) (p ≤ 0.01) and was the most frequently found non-susceptibility in both groups of samples. The group of Enterobacteriaceae from muscles presented less decreased susceptibility to florfenicol (44%) than in the group of gills, intestine and skin samples (76%). We found decreased susceptibilities to β-lactams and glycopeptides in the Bacillaceae family, to quinolones and mupirocin in the Staphylococcaceae family, and mostly to β-lactams, phenicols and quinolones in the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families. Seven Enterobacter spp. and five Pseudomonas spp. strains showed non-susceptibility to ertapenem and meropenem, respectively, which is of concern because they are antibiotics used as a last resort in serious clinical infections. To our knowledge, this is the first description of species Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Klebsiella michiganensis, Lelliottia sp. and Pantoea vagans associated with S. aurata (excluding cases where these bacteria are used as probiotics) and of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnrB19-producing Leclercia adecarboxylata strain. The non-synonymous G385T and C402A mutations at parC gene (within quinolone resistance-determining regions) were also identified in a Klebsiella pneumoniae, revealing decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. In this study, we found not only bacteria from the natural microbiota of fish but also pathogenic bacteria associated with fish and humans. Several antibiotics for which decreased susceptibility was found here are integrated into the World Health Organization list of “critically important antimicrobials” and “highly important antimicrobials” for human medicine.

scholarly journals Features of the Skin Microbiota in Common Inflammatory Skin Diseases

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Iva Ferček ◽  
Liborija Lugović-Mihić ◽  
Arjana Tambić-Andrašević ◽  
Diana Ćesić ◽  
Ana Gverić Grginić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Many relatively common chronic inflammatory skin diseases manifest on the face (seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, acne, perioral/periorificial dermatitis, periocular dermatitis, etc.), thereby significantly impairing patient appearance and quality of life. Given the yet unexplained pathogenesis and numerous factors involved, these diseases often present therapeutic challenges. The term “microbiome” comprises the totality of microorganisms (microbiota), their genomes, and environmental factors in a particular environment. Changes in human skin microbiota composition and/or functionality are believed to trigger immune dysregulation, and consequently an inflammatory response, thereby playing a potentially significant role in the clinical manifestations and treatment of these diseases. Although cultivation methods have traditionally been used in studies of bacterial microbiome species, a large number of bacterial strains cannot be grown in the laboratory. Since standard culture-dependent methods detect fewer than 1% of all bacterial species, a metagenomic approach could be used to detect bacteria that cannot be cultivated. The skin microbiome exhibits spatial distribution associated with the microenvironment (sebaceous, moist, and dry areas). However, although disturbance of the skin microbiome can lead to a number of pathological conditions and diseases, it is still not clear whether skin diseases result from change in the microbiome or cause such a change. Thus far, the skin microbiome has been studied in atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, and rosacea. Studies on the possible association between changes in the microbiome and their association with skin diseases have improved the understanding of disease development, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The identification of the bacterial markers associated with particular inflammatory skin diseases would significantly accelerate the diagnostics and reduce treatment costs. Microbiota research and determination could facilitate the identification of potential causes of skin diseases that cannot be detected by simpler methods, thereby contributing to the design and development of more effective therapies.

In-vitro evaluation of cisplatin nanoparticles encompass natural polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Sunil Kumar Prajapati ◽  
Ravichandran S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

Opportunistic bacterial infections are common in the various parts of human body. In recent years bacterial species have shown resistance against a number of synthetic drugs. This study measured the antibacterial activity of bacterial strains against five common pathogenic bacteria related strains. Cup plate method and two fold serial dilution method were used to evaluated by antibacterial activity by the help of different bacterial related strains. The results revealed that Cisplatin (CIP) using natural as a polymer showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 250 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml of the broth against all bacterial strains. CIP using natural as a polymer was prepared different doses1000 μg/ml and 2000 μg/ ml and measured zone of inhibition dose dementedly reduced when compared to standard. The CIP using natural as a polymer exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity against five different species of bacteria and this may be attributed to various active components. Our research work has been indicated Nanoparticles containing CIP using natural as a polymer formulated for the enhanced anti-cancer activity through antimicrobial mechanism. 

scholarly journals Effect of Rhamnolipids on Pathogenicity Characteristics of Microorganisms in Organic Compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Ciamak Ghazaei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Organic Compost

Background: Rhamnolipids are hydrophilic glycolipids, often classified as biosurfactants. They are produced by different bacterial species. Rhamnolipids are extensively studied in biological research because of their interesting features like antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Materials and Methods: To study the antimicrobial effect of rhamnolipid, we conducted a crosssectional study on the eight different pathogenic bacterial strains from November 2019 to June 2020. These bacterial strains were isolated from the organic compost. Both disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of rhamnolipids on these pathogenic bacteria. Also, protease and amylase enzyme activities were evaluated in these eight bacterial isolates. Results: For Bacillus stearothermophilus, within the area of 31.5 mm, no growth was observed, hence proving the inhibitory effect of rhamnolipid. After calculating the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum lethal concentrations (MLC) for each bacterial strain, it has been found that the studied bacteria were more susceptible to rhamnolipids than most of the antibiotics. Strains were also quantified for their enzymatic activity of proteases and amylases. The bacterial strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Brevibacillus brevis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bordetella petrii showed maximum protease activity. Whereas Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high amylase activity. Conclusion: Rhamnolipids can be used as a potential antimicrobial agent for treatment of infections.

scholarly journals THE IDENTIFICATION, PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATTOKINASE, BACTERIOCIN FROM BACTERIAL SPECIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Lal Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wide Range

The study was aimed at identification, production and characterization of nattokinase, bacteriocin from bacterial species. Nattokinase and bacteriocins finds a wide range of applications in Pharmaceutical industry, health care and medicine. Nattokinase is a highly active fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by Bacillus subtilis and bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins produced by Lactobacillus to inhibit the growth of closely related bacterial strains. Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus isolates shown positive results to microscopic, biochemical analysis.  The nattokinase and bacteriocins were produced by optimizing the media. The enzymes were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and HPLC. The enzyme activity for nattokinase was found at 7 mg/ml, pH 8.0 and temperature 48 ºC and the enzyme activity for bacteriocin was found at 3.9 mg/ml, pH 6.5 and temperature 30 °C. Bacteriocins from Lactobacillus showed good antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis played a significant role in thrombolytic and anti-coagulation at in vitro. The results indicated that the pure enzyme has a potential in dissolving blood clot.

Impact of water-soluble zwitterionic Zn(II) phthalocyanines against pathogenic bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanya Mantareva ◽  
Cem Gol ◽  
Vesselin Kussovski ◽  
Mahmut Durmuş ◽  
Ivan Angelov
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanines ◽  
Structural Differences

Abstract The photodynamic impact of water-soluble zwitterionic zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc1–4) was studied on pathogenic bacterial strains after specific light exposure (LED 665 nm). The structural differences between the studied ZnPc1–4 are in the positions and the numbers of substitution groups as well as in the bridging atoms (sulfur or oxygen) between substituents and macrocycle. The three peripherally substituted compounds (ZnPc1–3) are tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)oxypyridine (ZnPc1), tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc2), and octa-substituted 2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc3). The nonperipherally substituted compound is tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc4). The uptake and localization capability are studied on Gram (+) Enterococcus faecalis and Gram (−) Pseudomonas aeruginosa as suspensions and as 48 h biofilms. Relatively high accumulations of ZnPc1–4 show bacteria in suspensions with different cell density. The compounds have complete penetration in E. faecalis biofilms but with nonhomogenous distribution in P. aeruginosa biomass. The cytotoxicity test (Balb/c 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake) with ZnPc1–4 suggests the lack of dark toxicity on normal cells. However, only ZnPc3 has a minimal photocytotoxic effect toward Balb/c 3T3 cells and a comparable high potential in the photoinactivation of pathogenic bacterial species.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Microorganisms and Antibiotics Activity Tests of Natural and Industrial Products in Surgical Site Infections in Referral Hospitals in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region – Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Raid D. Thanoon ◽  
Yara M. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Background and objectives: To study the prevalence of microorganisms and antibiotics activity tests of natural and industrial products, SSIs were found in referral hospitals in Erbil, Iraq's Kurdistan province. MethodsPus samples were collected from 29 surgical patients using sterile swabs and primed for culture collection. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the bacterial activity of three types of plants (cinnamon, ginger, and radish) against three bacterial species including Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus spp., and S.epidermidis. Result: Overall 29 pus samples were processed for culture testing. One gram negative bacterium (7.14%) and thirteen gram positive cocci (92.85%) were isolated from the 14 bacteria. The three most potent isolates were found to be resistant to the variable of tested antibiotics, while they showed any sensitivity to the tested plant extracts. Cinnamon, ginger, and radish extracts were discovered to be among the few variable effective plant extracts against the tested pathogenic bacteria isolates. Conclusion: The data collected from this research showed a better way of explanation of the microorganism’s etiology of surgical site infections (SSIs) in hospitals where they might have epidemiological and healing insinuations. Keywords: Surgical Site Infections, Bacteria isolated from wounds, antimicrobial resistance, pus, plant extract.

scholarly journals PCR FINGERPRINTING OF DIVERSE GENOMES FROM BACTERIAL STRAINS USING UNIVERSAL RICE PRIMER (URP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Hee Wan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Agrobacterium Vitis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
High Annealing ◽  
Prokaryotic Genomes

Twenty primers of 20 mer referred to universal rice primer (URP) were developed from a repetitive sequence of rice genome. URP-PCR protocol employed stringent PCR with high annealing temperature throughout the thermo-cycling reaction, giving high reproducibility. Under the PCR condition, each single URP primer produced characteristic fingerprints from diverse genomes of bacterial species. The universal application of URP-PCR was demonstrated by applying it to 24 strains from Pectobacterium carotovoum subsp. carotovorum, 41 Agrobacterium vitis strains, 3 Xanthomonas spp. 5 Pseudomonas spp, Rhizobium sp. plant pathogenic bacteria, human and animal pathogenic bacterial strains including 6 Escherichia coli, 4 Salmonella spp., 7 Mycobacterium spp and 3 Blucella abortus strains. In addition, thermophilic bacteria were randomly isolated form high temperature compost and their URP-PCR polymorphisms were characterized with genetic relatedness.  PCR approach using URP primers will be useful for studying DNA diversity of diverse prokaryotic genomes, especially at inter- and intra species levels.

Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽  
Toshka Petrova ◽  
Ignat Ignatov ◽  
Stoil Karadzhov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

Comparison of two air sampling methods to monitor operating room air quality and assessment of air quality in two operating rooms with different ventilation systems in the national hospital of Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshokey Tshokey ◽  
Pranitha Somaratne ◽  
Suneth Agampodi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laminar Air Flow

Air contamination in the operating room (OR) is an important contributor for surgical site infections. Air quality should be assessed during microbiological commissioning of new ORs and as required thereafter. Despite many modern methods of sampling air, developing countries mostly depended on conventional methods. This was studied in two ORs of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL) with different ventilation system; a conventional ventilation (CV) and a laminar air flow (LAF). Both ORs were sampled simultaneously by two different methods, the settle plate and sampler when empty and during use for a defined time period. Laboratory work was done in the Medical Research Institute. The two methods of sampling showed moderate but highly significant correlation. The OR with CV was significantly more contaminated than LAF when empty as well as during use by both methods. Overall, the difference in contamination was more significant when sampled by the sampler. Differences in contamination in empty and in-use ORs were significant in both ORs, but significance is less in LAF rooms. The consistent and significant correlation between settle plate and sampler showed that the settle plate is an acceptable method. The LAF theatre showed less contamination while empty and during use as expected. Air contamination differences were more significant when sampled with sampler indicating that it is a more sensitive method. Both CV and LAF ORs of the NHSL did not meet the contamination standards for empty theatres but met the standards for in-use indicating that the theatre etiquette was acceptable.

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