scholarly journals PCR FINGERPRINTING OF DIVERSE GENOMES FROM BACTERIAL STRAINS USING UNIVERSAL RICE PRIMER (URP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Hee Wan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Thermophilic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Agrobacterium Vitis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
High Annealing ◽  
Prokaryotic Genomes

Twenty primers of 20 mer referred to universal rice primer (URP) were developed from a repetitive sequence of rice genome. URP-PCR protocol employed stringent PCR with high annealing temperature throughout the thermo-cycling reaction, giving high reproducibility. Under the PCR condition, each single URP primer produced characteristic fingerprints from diverse genomes of bacterial species. The universal application of URP-PCR was demonstrated by applying it to 24 strains from Pectobacterium carotovoum subsp. carotovorum, 41 Agrobacterium vitis strains, 3 Xanthomonas spp. 5 Pseudomonas spp, Rhizobium sp. plant pathogenic bacteria, human and animal pathogenic bacterial strains including 6 Escherichia coli, 4 Salmonella spp., 7 Mycobacterium spp and 3 Blucella abortus strains. In addition, thermophilic bacteria were randomly isolated form high temperature compost and their URP-PCR polymorphisms were characterized with genetic relatedness.  PCR approach using URP primers will be useful for studying DNA diversity of diverse prokaryotic genomes, especially at inter- and intra species levels.

scholarly journals Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Sparus aurata from Aquaculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Vanessa Salgueiro ◽  
Vera Manageiro ◽  
Narcisa M. Bandarra ◽  
Lígia Reis ◽  
Eugénia Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Skin Samples

In a world where the population continues to increase and the volume of fishing catches stagnates or even falls, the aquaculture sector has great growth potential. This study aimed to contribute to the depth of knowledge of the diversity of bacterial species found in Sparus aurata collected from a fish farm and to understand which profiles of diminished susceptibility to antibiotics would be found in these bacteria that might be disseminated in the environment. One hundred thirty-six bacterial strains were recovered from the S. aurata samples. These strains belonged to Bacillaceae, Bacillales Family XII. Incertae Sedis, Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Erwiniaceae, Micrococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Staphylococcaceae families. Enterobacter sp. was more frequently found in gills, intestine and skin groups than in muscle groups (p ≤ 0.01). Antibiotic susceptibility tests found that non-susceptibility to phenicols was significantly higher in gills, intestine and skin samples (45%) than in muscle samples (24%) (p ≤ 0.01) and was the most frequently found non-susceptibility in both groups of samples. The group of Enterobacteriaceae from muscles presented less decreased susceptibility to florfenicol (44%) than in the group of gills, intestine and skin samples (76%). We found decreased susceptibilities to β-lactams and glycopeptides in the Bacillaceae family, to quinolones and mupirocin in the Staphylococcaceae family, and mostly to β-lactams, phenicols and quinolones in the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families. Seven Enterobacter spp. and five Pseudomonas spp. strains showed non-susceptibility to ertapenem and meropenem, respectively, which is of concern because they are antibiotics used as a last resort in serious clinical infections. To our knowledge, this is the first description of species Exiguobacterium acetylicum, Klebsiella michiganensis, Lelliottia sp. and Pantoea vagans associated with S. aurata (excluding cases where these bacteria are used as probiotics) and of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnrB19-producing Leclercia adecarboxylata strain. The non-synonymous G385T and C402A mutations at parC gene (within quinolone resistance-determining regions) were also identified in a Klebsiella pneumoniae, revealing decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. In this study, we found not only bacteria from the natural microbiota of fish but also pathogenic bacteria associated with fish and humans. Several antibiotics for which decreased susceptibility was found here are integrated into the World Health Organization list of “critically important antimicrobials” and “highly important antimicrobials” for human medicine.

In-vitro evaluation of cisplatin nanoparticles encompass natural polymer

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bhavani J ◽  
Sunil Kumar Prajapati ◽  
Ravichandran S
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

Opportunistic bacterial infections are common in the various parts of human body. In recent years bacterial species have shown resistance against a number of synthetic drugs. This study measured the antibacterial activity of bacterial strains against five common pathogenic bacteria related strains. Cup plate method and two fold serial dilution method were used to evaluated by antibacterial activity by the help of different bacterial related strains. The results revealed that Cisplatin (CIP) using natural as a polymer showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 250 mg/ml to 500 mg/ml of the broth against all bacterial strains. CIP using natural as a polymer was prepared different doses1000 μg/ml and 2000 μg/ ml and measured zone of inhibition dose dementedly reduced when compared to standard. The CIP using natural as a polymer exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity against five different species of bacteria and this may be attributed to various active components. Our research work has been indicated Nanoparticles containing CIP using natural as a polymer formulated for the enhanced anti-cancer activity through antimicrobial mechanism. 

scholarly journals Polymicrobial and Monomicrobial Infections after Spinal Surgery: A Retrospective Study to Determine which Infection is more Severe

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-436
Author(s):  
Shaoqiang Liu ◽  
Qiang Qi ◽  
Zhongqiang Chen ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Zhaoqing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Postoperative Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Incisional Pain ◽  
Polymicrobial Infections

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>A retrospective clinical review.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To investigate the difference in clinical manifestations and severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections after spinal surgery.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Surgical site infections (SSIs) after spinal surgery are a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for spinal surgeons. Polymicrobial infections after spinal surgery seem to result in poorer outcomes than monomicrobial infections because of complementary resistance to antibiotics. However, comparison of the clinical manifestations and severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections are limited.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Sixty-seven patients with SSIs after spinal surgery were studied: 20 patients with polymicrobial infections and 47 with monomicrobial infections. Pathogenic bacteria identified were counted and classified. Age, sex, and body mass index were compared between the two groups to identify homogeneity. The groups were compared for clinical manifestations by surgical site, postoperative time to infection, infection site, incisional drainage, incisional swelling, incisional pain, neurological signs, temperature, white blood cell count, and the percentage of neutrophils. Finally, the groups were compared for severity by hospital stay, number of rehospitalizations, number of debridements, duration of antibiotics administration, number of antibiotics administered, and implant removal.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Polymicrobial infections comprised 29.9% of SSIs after spinal surgery, and most polymicrobial infections (70.0%) were caused by two species of bacteria only. There was no difference between the groups in terms of clinical manifestations and severity. In total, 96 bacterial strains were isolated from the spinal wounds: 60 strains were gram-positive and 36 were gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>, <italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis</italic>, <italic>Escherichia coli</italic>, and <italic>Enterobacter cloacae</italic> were cultured in order of the frequency of appearance.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Most polymicrobial infections were caused by two bacterial species after spinal surgery. There was no difference in clinical manifestations or severity between polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections.</p></sec>

scholarly journals Effect of Rhamnolipids on Pathogenicity Characteristics of Microorganisms in Organic Compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Ciamak Ghazaei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Organic Compost

Background: Rhamnolipids are hydrophilic glycolipids, often classified as biosurfactants. They are produced by different bacterial species. Rhamnolipids are extensively studied in biological research because of their interesting features like antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Materials and Methods: To study the antimicrobial effect of rhamnolipid, we conducted a crosssectional study on the eight different pathogenic bacterial strains from November 2019 to June 2020. These bacterial strains were isolated from the organic compost. Both disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of rhamnolipids on these pathogenic bacteria. Also, protease and amylase enzyme activities were evaluated in these eight bacterial isolates. Results: For Bacillus stearothermophilus, within the area of 31.5 mm, no growth was observed, hence proving the inhibitory effect of rhamnolipid. After calculating the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum lethal concentrations (MLC) for each bacterial strain, it has been found that the studied bacteria were more susceptible to rhamnolipids than most of the antibiotics. Strains were also quantified for their enzymatic activity of proteases and amylases. The bacterial strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Brevibacillus brevis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bordetella petrii showed maximum protease activity. Whereas Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high amylase activity. Conclusion: Rhamnolipids can be used as a potential antimicrobial agent for treatment of infections.

scholarly journals Comparative microbiological analysis of four different sea fishes collected from local market in Dhaka Metropolis

Food Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifra Tun Nur ◽  
Amatun Nur Mou ◽  
Umme Habiba
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
The Status ◽  
Raw Fish ◽  
Frozen Fish

The present investigation attempted to evaluate the existence and survival of spoilage microorganisms in four common sea fishes (Poma, Rupchanda, Koral and Tuna) available in Bangladesh and to determine the effects of cooking temperature to optimize the growth of fish microflora. Moreover, the status of fish in frozen condition after cooking was also studied. A total 4 categories of sea fishes were collected from the local shops in Dhaka city. Raw, cooked and frozen fish samples were analyzed for the existence of pathogenic bacteria through the conventional cultural techniques and the confirmative biochemical identification procedures. Total viable bacteria were present in all four fish samples in raw, cooked and frozen condition up to 6 log CFU/mL. Most of the raw fish samples were found to harbor a huge population of microorganisms up to 5 log CFU/mL including the fecal coliforms. Several specific bacterial species like E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Vibrio spp. were present in raw samples. However, the microbial load reduced from the fish after cooking and the status was static in frozen condition. Thus, the incidence of fecal coliforms in raw fish may be considered as a serious threat to the public health upon consumption of such fishes.

scholarly journals THE IDENTIFICATION, PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NATTOKINASE, BACTERIOCIN FROM BACTERIAL SPECIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Lal Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wide Range

The study was aimed at identification, production and characterization of nattokinase, bacteriocin from bacterial species. Nattokinase and bacteriocins finds a wide range of applications in Pharmaceutical industry, health care and medicine. Nattokinase is a highly active fibrinolytic enzyme secreted by Bacillus subtilis and bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins produced by Lactobacillus to inhibit the growth of closely related bacterial strains. Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus isolates shown positive results to microscopic, biochemical analysis.  The nattokinase and bacteriocins were produced by optimizing the media. The enzymes were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and HPLC. The enzyme activity for nattokinase was found at 7 mg/ml, pH 8.0 and temperature 48 ºC and the enzyme activity for bacteriocin was found at 3.9 mg/ml, pH 6.5 and temperature 30 °C. Bacteriocins from Lactobacillus showed good antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis played a significant role in thrombolytic and anti-coagulation at in vitro. The results indicated that the pure enzyme has a potential in dissolving blood clot.

Impact of water-soluble zwitterionic Zn(II) phthalocyanines against pathogenic bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanya Mantareva ◽  
Cem Gol ◽  
Vesselin Kussovski ◽  
Mahmut Durmuş ◽  
Ivan Angelov
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
3T3 Cells ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanines ◽  
Structural Differences

Abstract The photodynamic impact of water-soluble zwitterionic zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc1–4) was studied on pathogenic bacterial strains after specific light exposure (LED 665 nm). The structural differences between the studied ZnPc1–4 are in the positions and the numbers of substitution groups as well as in the bridging atoms (sulfur or oxygen) between substituents and macrocycle. The three peripherally substituted compounds (ZnPc1–3) are tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)oxypyridine (ZnPc1), tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc2), and octa-substituted 2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc3). The nonperipherally substituted compound is tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc4). The uptake and localization capability are studied on Gram (+) Enterococcus faecalis and Gram (−) Pseudomonas aeruginosa as suspensions and as 48 h biofilms. Relatively high accumulations of ZnPc1–4 show bacteria in suspensions with different cell density. The compounds have complete penetration in E. faecalis biofilms but with nonhomogenous distribution in P. aeruginosa biomass. The cytotoxicity test (Balb/c 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake) with ZnPc1–4 suggests the lack of dark toxicity on normal cells. However, only ZnPc3 has a minimal photocytotoxic effect toward Balb/c 3T3 cells and a comparable high potential in the photoinactivation of pathogenic bacterial species.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial potency assay of common antibiotics collected from different drug stores in Dhaka Metropolis

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Modak ◽  
Md Shahinur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Shahid Gazi ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin ◽  
Tasmina Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Potency Assay ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Antibiotic, known as the magic bullet, was developed to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Efficacy of an antibiotic depends on its target site on bacteria. The current public health issue is the emergence of resistant bacterial strains against these drugs. The present study was undertaken to perform the routine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of eight laboratory isolates (Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp. and Listeria spp.) against eleven different categories of antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Cephradine, Metronidazole, Cefuroxime, Cefixime, Levofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Doxycycline, Erythromycin and Flucloxacillin) available in local markets of Dhaka metropolis. Among these antibiotics, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime, Levofloxacin and Doxycycline showed the highest potency against these bacteria. On the contrary, Amoxicillin and Metronidazole showed almost no potency. Erythromycin, Cephradine and Flucloxacillin gave variable effectivity against the tested isolates. These findings reveal that measures for prevention and containment of antimicrobial resistance are necessary in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v3i1.22749 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.3(1) 2013: 26-29

Percentage Incidences of Bacteria in Mahseer (Tor putitora), Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Fish Collected from Hatcheries and Local Markets of District Malakand and Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ullah ◽  
A. W. Qureshi ◽  
A. Sajid ◽  
I. Khan ◽  
A. Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Streptococcus Iniae ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Tor Putitora ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Abstract Fish is the main source of animal protein for human diet. The aim of this study was to find out prevalence of pathogenic bacteria of two selected economically important fish of Pakistan namely Mahseer (Tor putitora) and Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Live fish samples from hatcheries and dead fish samples from different markets of study area were randomly collected. The fish samples were analyzed for isolation, identification and prevalence of bacteria. The isolated bacteria from study fish were identified through biochemical test and about 10 species of pathogenic bacteria were identified including the pathogenic bacteria to human and fish namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus iniae, Serratia spp. Citrobacter spp. Stenotrophomonas spp. Bacillus spp. and Salmonella spp. The bacterial percentage frequency of occurrence in Silver carp and Mahseer fish showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21.42%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 17.85%, Escherichia coli 11.90%, Staphylococcus aureus 9.52%, Citrobacter spp. 9.52%, Serratia spp. 8.33%, Streptococcus iniae 7.14%, Stenotrophomonas spp. 5.95%, Bacillus spp. 4.76% and Salmonella spp. 3.57%. The study revealed that Fish samples of Mahseer and Silver carp that were collected from markets have found more isolates (10 bacterial species) than did the fresh fish pond samples (03 bacterial species) of hatcheries. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in study fish showed risk factor for public health consumers.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION LEVELS ON THE SURFACE OF THE BOVINE CARCASSES AT SLAUGHTERHOUSES OF BARISHAL CITY IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
A. Das ◽  
F. I. Rume ◽  
W. K. Ansari ◽  
M. N. Alam ◽  
M. R. Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp

Background: Meat industries in developing countries including Bangladesh are found to be challenged by severe hygienic and sanitation problems which are associated with heavy bacterial load on the different sites of carcasses and meat. Objectives: The major objectives of this study were to determine the bacterial load at the different risk sites of bovine carcasses and identification of pathogenic bacteria as well as to assess the associated hygienic and sanitation practices with public health significance of the isolated bacteria. Materials and Methods: The study on bacterial load of bovine carcasses was conducted on 200 swab samples of different risk sites of 20 bovine carcasses in the different slaughterhouses of Barishal City Corporation during the period from April to October 2017. The aseptically collected swab samples from different sites of bovine carcasses were processed and analyzed individually by standard bacteriological procedures for Total viable count (TVC), Total coliform count (TCC), Total Staphylococcus count (TSC) and Total Salmonella count (TSAC) and the bacterial species were identified by the conventional aerobic cultural, morphological and biochemical tests. The hygienic status and practices of slaughterhouses and workers were evaluated through a structured questionnaire survey and also a visual inspection. Results: Staphylococcus aureus (78.5%), Salmonella spp. (64.5%) and Escherichia coli (64.0%) were found widely prevalent bacteria on the surface of freshly slaughtered bovine carcasses. The mean TVC of bacteria at pre-and post-washing of the different risk sites of carcasses including neck, shoulder, rump and their used knife and workers’ hand was calculated and highest one was recorded for neck at both pre (8.17 ± 1.22) and post (8.41 ± 0.92) washings. These TVC were found higher compared to standards set by WHO. The TSC was found highest at shoulder site at both pre (7.26 ± 0.94) and post (7.43 ± 1.02) washing, whereas the neck site was found highest contaminated with E. coli (6.69 ± 1.06 and 6.87 ± 1.04) and Salmonella spp.(5.73 ± 1.05 and 6.07 ± 0.92), respectively. The questionnaire survey and visual inspection of slaughter houses revealed that none of the slaughterhouse workers received any training on slaughterhouses management and hygiene, not used any head and hair covering, protective clothes and hand gloves whereas only 25.33% workers washed their hands and 34.67% used clean water at slaughterhouses during processing of carcasses and meat. Conclusions: The slaughtering of the animals on the ground and then skinning and evisceration in the same place under poor hygienic conditions are the major risk factors for heavy bacterial contamination of carcasses which has been recognized as a threat to food safety and consumers health to foodborne illness. Therefore, it requires a serious attention from all relevant authorities to apply and maintain the basic hygienic slaughterhouse practices to prevent the bacterial contamination of carcasses to prevent food borne illness. However, these data should serve as a baseline for future comparisons in measuring the bacteriological status of beef carcasses in other districts and further research works.

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