Relationship between BMI ≥25 and periodontal status: A case‒ control study

Background. Obesity is an important subject in both developed and developing countries. Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and osteoarthritis. Periodontitis is a prevalent, chronic disease and multiple factors have been proposed to contribute to its progression. we aimed to compare the periodontal status of normalweight and obese individuals. Methods. In this study, we consecutively selected 100 patients (50 obese and overweight as the case group, based on body mass index [BMI], and 50 others with normal weight, as the control group) referred to the Periodontology Department of Mashhad Dental School. The demographic data of the participants were recorded, including age, gender, height and weight. The following periodontal parameters were assessed: periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and plaque index. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-squared test and independent t-test, as well as ANCOVA, were used to analyze data. Results. We found that the mean PPD was similar in the test and control groups (P=0.168). Moreover, CAL was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.494). Conclusion. Our findings indicated that obesity and overweight do not seem to have an association with periodontal parameters such as periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. Further research is needed to evaluate this relationship.

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Periodontal status and salivary flow rate among diagnostic radiology department workers

Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry ◽

10.26477/jbcd.v31i3.2694 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

Ghadah N. Alhusaini ◽

Ahlam T Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Diagnostic Radiology ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Control Group ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Significant Difference

Background: diagnostic radiology field workers are at elevated risk level for systemic and oral diseases like periodontal diseases. This study was aimed to estimate the periodontal condition and salivary flow rate among diagnostic radiology workers. Material and method: The sample for this study consisted of a study group radiographers (forty subjects) working for 5 years at least and control group consisted of nurses and laboratory workers away from radiation (forty subjects) in Baghdad hospitals. All the 80 subjects aged 30-40 year-old and looking healthy without systemic diseases. Plaque, gingival, periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss indices were used for recording the periodontal conditions. Under standardized conditions, collection of unstimulated salivary samples was done and salivary flow rate was measured. Results: Although not significant statistically (p>0.01), analysis of the present study data showed that plaque and gingival indices were higher among radiographers. While periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were higher among radiographers than control group with statistically highly significant difference (p<0.01). On the other hand salivary flow rate was lower among radiographers than control group with statistically highly significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusions: Ionizing radiation affects salivary flow rate and this in turn will affect periodontal status.

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Periodontal status and salivary flow rate among diagnostic radiology department workers

Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry ◽

10.26477/jbcd.v31i2.2621 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 32-35

Author(s):

Ghadah N. Alhusaini ◽

Ahlam T Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Diagnostic Radiology ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Control Group ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Significant Difference

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Salivary Cytokine Biomarker Concentrations in Relation to Obesity and Periodontitis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8122152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2152 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sanna Syrjäläinen ◽

Ulvi Kahraman Gursoy ◽

Mervi Gursoy ◽

Pirkko Pussinen ◽

Milla Pietiäinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Cumulative Risk ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Low Risk ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Medium Risk ◽

And Control

Systemic low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity. Our aim was to examine the association between obesity and salivary biomarkers of periodontitis. Salivary interleukin (IL)-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations were measured from 287 non-diabetic obese (body mass index (BMI) of >35 kg/m2) individuals and 293 normal-weight (BMI of 18.5–25 kg/m2) controls. Periodontal status was defined according to a diagnostic cumulative risk score (CRS) to calculate the risk of having periodontitis (CRS I, low risk; CRS II, medium risk; CRS III, high risk). In the whole population, and especially in smokers, higher IL-8 and lower IL-10 concentrations were detected in the obese group compared to the control group, while in non-smoking participants, the obese and control groups did not differ. IL-1Ra and IL-8 concentrations were higher in those with medium or high risk (CRS II and CRS III, p < 0.001) of periodontitis, whereas IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations were lower when compared to those with low risk (CRS I). In multivariate models adjusted for periodontal status, obesity did not associate with any salivary cytokine concentration. In conclusion, salivary cytokine biomarkers are not independently associated with obesity and concentrations are dependent on periodontal status.

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Association between Chronic Periodontitis and Oral/Oropharyngeal Cancer

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201600754 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Renata Costa de Moraes ◽

Fernando Luiz Dias ◽

Carlos Marcelo da Silva Figueredo ◽

Ricardo Guimarães Fischer

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Probing Pocket Depth ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract The aim of this case control study was to assess the association between the extent and severity of chronic periodontitis and oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal cancer. The case group comprised 35 patients (mean age 56.1±8.4), diagnosed for oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer. The control group comprised 40 individuals (mean age 55.4±9.4) without diagnostic of cancer. All individuals were subjected to a periodontal examination, including bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and decayed, extracted and filled teeth index (DMFT). The case group had significantly more sites with plaque. GI and BOP had similar values in both groups. The median PPD and CAL values were significantly higher for the case group. Chronic generalized periodontitis was predominant in 80% of patients with oral and/or oropharyngeal cancer. Eighty nine percent of the patients in the case group presented severe chronic periodontitis. There was no significant difference between groups for median values of DMFT. The extent and severity of chronic periodontitis remained as risk indicators for oral cavity and/or oropharyngeal cancer even after the adjustments for traditional confound factors, i.e. smoking and alcohol consumption.

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Is there a correlation between GAD2 gene-243 A>G polymorphism and obesity?

Revista Romana de Medicina de Laborator ◽

10.2478/rrlm-2019-0033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 413-420

Author(s):

Camelia Alkhzouz ◽

Diana Miclea ◽

Marius Farcas ◽

Simona Bucerzan ◽

Georgiana Cabau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Study Groups ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Subsequent Increase ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Transcriptional Effect ◽

And Control

Abstract Introduction: GAD2 gene encodes the glutamate decarboxylase enzyme which catalyses the transformation of glutamate into γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA. It is suggested that some polymorphic alleles of GAD2 gene, such as -243A>G, have an increased transcriptional effect compared with the wild type, which results in an increase of GABA in the hypothalamus with the subsequent increase of the neuropeptide Y, thus exacerbating the hunger centre and the appetite. The aim of this study was to observe an association between the -243A>G polymorphism with obesity, comparatively studying a group of obese patients and a group of patients with normal weight. Patients and method: 127 patients were clinically evaluated in the Genetic and Endocrine Department of Children’s Emergency Clinical Hospital, Cluj. The patients were included in two study groups, case group, with obesity (BMI higher than 97 kg/m2) and control group, with normal weight (BMI less than 97 kg/m2). Genotyping for GAD2-243A>G polymorphism was performed using PCR-RFLP technique, the two groups being compared regarding the genotypes and phenotypes. Results and conclusions: In the obesity group, there is a statistically significant difference in BMI (kg/m2) between the subgroups with different genotypes (p=0.01), the AA genotype being less severely affected than AG and GG genotypes. In the normal weight group there is no association between BMI and different genotypes (AA, AG or GG). Also, there is a greater distribution of GG genotypes and G allele in the obesity group compared with the control group, with an odds ratio which suggest that -243A>G polymorphism is a risk factor in obesity development (GG genotype OR=3.76, G allele OR=1.73, p=0.04). The finding of our study is important in explaining the multifactorial model of obesity, our research demonstrating that the GAD2-243 A> G variant could be a risk factor that added to other obesogenic factors would potentiate their effect.

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Periodontal Health, Nutrition and Anthropometry in Professional Footballers: A Preliminary Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1792

Author(s):

João Botelho ◽

Filipa Vicente ◽

Laura Dias ◽

André Júdice ◽

Paula Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Self Report ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Epithelial Surface ◽

Nutritional Parameters ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

The Past

Poor oral health in elite sport is a pressing issue, however little is known about the periodontal status of professional footballers. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of periodontitis in a group of professional footballers and its association with nutritional parameters and self-report non-traumatic injuries. Additionally, we assessed its association with anthropometric, dietary inflammatory load and self-reported muscular and/or articular injuries. Twenty-two professional footballers were evaluated at the beginning of the 2020–2021 season via full-mouth periodontal inspection, anthropometric measurements and the application of the dietary inflammatory index through a food intake measurement of 24 h dietary recall on two different days. Self-reporting non-traumatic muscular and articular injuries for the past 6 months were recorded from each athlete. Then we compared clinical measurements according to the periodontal status and we correlated age, periodontal and nutritional parameters. Overall, the prevalence of periodontitis was 40.9% and peri-implantitis was also observed. No significant differences were found regarding age or nutritional parameters according to the periodontal status. More non-traumatic muscular events in the past 6 months were found in the periodontitis group (55.6% vs. 38.4%), although the difference was non-significant. Both clinical attachment loss, periodontal pocket depth and the periodontal epithelial surface area revealed a significant moderate correlation with the percentage of fat mass, muscle mass, muscle mass index and total adipose folds. This group of professional footballers showed an alarming prevalence of periodontitis. Further studies shall examine whether periodontitis and periodontal treatment impact the performance of this group of athletes.

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Comparing Periodontal Status Between Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia and Normal Women

Avicenna Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.34172/ajdr.2021.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Ilnaz Farhoodi ◽

Zahra Mortazavi ◽

Roghayeh Dargahi ◽

Abbas Naghizadeh Baghi

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Third Molar ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Mean Values ◽

Molar Teeth ◽

Normal Women

Background: Periodontal disease is a common disorder in approximately 5%-10% of all pregnant women. The evidence suggests that periodontitis can increase the risk of preeclampsia. It seems that chronic systemic inflammation resulting from periodontal disease may be an important factor. However, some studies have ruled out any correlation between periodontal disease parameters and blood pressure. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the correlation between periodontal disease and preeclampsia in Iranian pregnant women. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 40 randomly selected preeclamptic patients as the case group and 40 randomly selected healthy pregnant women as the control group aged up to 35 years with gestational age of less than 34 weeks. Preeclampsia was diagnosed by a gynecologist as sustained pregnancy-induced hypertension (BP≥140/90 mm Hg within 6 hours) with proteinuria (with urine protein concentrations ≥1 mg/dl on a catheterized urine sample). All the participants underwent periodontal examinations, including the measurements of the pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI) in all the teeth except the third molar and second distal molar teeth. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The results showed that prevalence of periodontal disease was significantly higher in the preeclamptic group. The quantitative analysis of periodontal parameters between the groups indicated that mean values of the BOP, CAL, PD, and PI were significantly higher in the preeclamptic group, compared to those reported for the control group (P<0.001). Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that periodontal indices are more severe in pregnant women with preeclampsia, compared to those reported for normal pregnant subjects.

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The Increase of Periodontal Tissue in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Based on Index CPITN

Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.15294/kemas.v12i1.5954 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Budiman Budiman

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Periodontal Tissue ◽

Pocket Depth

The prevalence of periodontal disease in Indonesia for all age groups has reached 96.58%. Periodontal disease has been identified as a consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM). The purpose of this study is to determine the differences of periodontal tissues in type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic patients based on CPITN index (Community periodontal index of Treatment index). This study employed case control design. The population of the study consisted of 3.544 visits in the Internal Disease Polyclinic of RSUD Cimahi Cibabat in January 2015. The samples for case group were 50 people (diabetes mellitus type 2) and control group were 50 people (non-DM). The sampling technique used accidental sampling. The study was conducted in 2015 by conducting measurement of periodontal pocket depth using CPITN index. The analysis of data was carried out with independent T test. The results show that the average pocket depth based on CPITN index in the case group of type 2 DM (4.26) is greater than control group of patients without DM (3.14). There is different condition on the periodontal tissue in the group of type 2 diabetes (value-p = 0.002 <0.05). The awareness in increasing the oral health protection is done by providing consultation related to blood glucose.

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TNF Inhibitors and Periodontal Inflammation in Psoriatic Arthritis

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.8.5790 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

pp. 1914-1918

Author(s):

Codrina Ancuta ◽

Eugen Ancuta ◽

Rodica Chirieac ◽

Carmen Anton ◽

Zenaida Surlari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Tnf Inhibitors ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Inflammatory Parameters ◽

Periodontal Inflammation

The link between immune mediated rheumatic disorders and oral health, particularly periodontal disease, is widely accepted, based on shared immune and inflammatory processes as well as local (articular, gingival) damage mediated by similar pro-inflammatory cytokine and destructive mediators. We aimed to evaluate periodontal status in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) before and after 24-weeks treatment with TNF inhibitors and to identify potential relation between disease activity, inflammatory parameters, therapeutic response and chronic periodontitis. Patients were prospectively assessed according to a standard protocol comprising a complex rheumatologic (PsA activity, inflammatory prolife) and dental evaluation (plaque and gingival index, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment level). Up to one third PsA presented with moderate to severe periodontitis at baseline, with high prevalence of sites with dental plaque, abnormal bleeding, increased periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. Higher levels of inflammatory parameters were described in the subset of PsA presenting with aggressive periodontal diseases, while significant correlation between dental pathology and CRP (p[0.05). A significant improvement in both PsA-related parameters and periodontal status was demonstrated after 24 weeks of anti-TNF therapy (p[0.05). Periodontal disease may develop in PsA and should be commonly evaluated, particularly patients with active disease. Benefits of TNF inhibitors, with significant response in articular and periodontal parameters, suggest common inflammatory pathways in both entities.

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Optimization of the terms of supportive periodontal therapy using photoactivated disinfection

Periodontology ◽

10.33925/1683-3759-2019-24-2-121-126 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 121-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V. G. Atrushkevich ◽

L. Yu. Orekhova ◽

O. O. Yanushevich ◽

E. Yu. Sokolova ◽

E. S. Loboda

Keyword(s):

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Adjunctive Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Ozone Therapy ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Supportive Periodontal Therapy ◽

Tannerella Forsythensis ◽

Observation Period

Relevance: to indentify if periodontal treatment which is presented by photoactivated disinfection (PAD) adjunctively to scaling and root planing (SRP) yield better outcomes than ozone therapy as an adjunct to SRP in periodontitis.Materials and methods: we examined 57 (mean age 49,3 ± 1,02) patients with chronic periodontitis, divided into groups, SRP + PAD, SRP + ozone therapy and SRP alone. Subgingival plaque samples were subjected to DNA extraction and real time PCR amplifcation for detection Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Tannerella forsythensis (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The amount of periodontopathogens and clinical parameters including plaque index, clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, bleeding on probing were measured at baseline, after 40, 90 and 180 days.Results: the results in groups of PAD+SRP and ozone therapy+SRP showed an improvement in all clinical parameters PI, BOP, PD, CAL and the quantity of Pg, Td and Tf compared to the control group during an observation period.Conclusion: the results showed additional benefts from PAD and ozone therapy as an adjunctive treatment to SRP for patients of chronic periodontitis.

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