Global Ergonomics: Design for Social Impact

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Sklar ◽  
Sally Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Design Challenge ◽  
Systems View

AT A GLANCE: Design thinking can be a powerful tool in addressing the complex challenges in developing countries. When used with intention, existing design practices are a strong foundation to reach innovative solutions. Five key principles guide our work: (1) Start with empathy. (2) Design for communities. (3) Take a systems view. (4) Make appropriate trade-offs. (5) Prepare your team. Practiced well, our design process can lead us to innovations that truly meet people's needs and improve their lives. In fact, we find that as we engage our fundamental design practices in the developing world, we reinvigorate our approach to any design challenge.

Is Ownership Bias Bad? The Influence of Idea Goodness and Creativity on Design Professionals Concept Selection Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Zheng ◽  
Scarlett R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Design Team ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Concept Selection ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Future Value ◽  
Design Challenge ◽  
Team Design ◽  
New Evidence

Ownership bias is a decision-making bias that leads to an individual's tendency to prefer their own ideas over others' during the design process. While prior work has identified the existence of this ownership bias in design professionals, limited work has investigated how the characteristics of the idea set affects this bias. In other words, is a preference for one's own ideas a bad thing if the ideas are truly better? This paper seeks to fill this research void through two design thinking workshops conducted with 45 design professionals recruited from two engineering companies. During the study, the participants individually generated and selected ideas as part of a 2-h team design challenge. The ideas generated were then rated for: (1) their perceived future value by the design team and (2) their creativity by expert raters. The results suggest that design professionals only exhibited ownership bias for ideas that were assessed to have little to no future value in the design process (low in idea goodness). In addition, professionals showed preferences for self-generated ideas that were of high usefulness and elegance but low in creativity, indicating an impact of creativity on ownership bias. These findings provide new evidence on the negative effects of ownership bias on the design process.

Keynote

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne LIEDTKA
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The Impact

The value delivered by design thinking is almost always seen to be improvements in the creativity and usefulness of the solutions produced. This paper takes a broader view of the potential power of design thinking, highlighting its role as a social technology for enhancing the productivity of conversations for change across difference. Examined through this lens, design thinking can be observed to aid diverse sets of stakeholders’ abilities to work together to both produce higher order, more innovative solutions and to implement them more successfully. In this way, it acts as a facilitator of the processes of collectives, by enhancing their ability to learn, align and change together. This paper draws on both the author’s extensive field research on the use of design thinking in social sector organizations, as well as on the literature of complex social systems, to discuss implications for both practitioners and scholars interested in assessing the impact of design thinking on organizational performance.

The Importance of Being Defunct (Presidential Address)

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-234
Author(s):  
Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Development Economics ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Founding Fathers

For development economists these arc the days of great expectations. Development economics as a discipline, born only three decades ago, has come to stay, notwithstanding the threats to its existence issued openly by such friends as Schultz [63], Bauer [2], Little [44], and Lal [39]. New theoretical constructs have been devised and novel empirical studies done to comprehend better the forces of change in developing countries. While of late there may not have been great festivity in the realm of ideas, the force of circumstances has widened the problem canvas of development economics and has opened up new vistas for economists to explore- much beyond the expectations of its founding fathers. Also notwithstanding the great diversity in the experience of individual countries, development economists may legitimately draw some comfort from the thought that their ideas have changed the developing world for the better.

scholarly journals Using Design Thinking to Improve Cook Stoves Development in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3843
Author(s):  
Elena Ferriz Bosque ◽  
Luisa M. Muneta ◽  
Gregorio Romero Rey ◽  
Berta Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Cook Stoves ◽  
Design Options ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

A traditional use of bioenergy is the main source of residential energy in developing countries, essentially using firewood to cook, boil water or heating affecting people in developing countries. Improved kitchens are more efficient and less polluting, and there is a need to evaluate different design options to facilitate their adoption. There are different types of very economical improved cook stoves with high combustion efficiency. In Mexico, multiple projects about cook stoves have been carried out, the root of this study being one of them, the Patsari cook stoves. The goal of this project was to modify previous designs to align with the habits and traditions. This study shows the importance of including the participation of the users in the design of the portable model of the Patsari cook stoves, applying Design Thinking methodology. Many designs or design changes have been done on cook stoves by different researchers, but users do not adapt to them. This article, through a field study, shows the importance of theoretical analyses along with user experiences to facilitate the adoption of these improves cook stoves and ensure their success.

scholarly journals Co-Design of Social Impact Domains with the Huntington’s Disease Community

Disabilities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-131
Author(s):  
Natasha Layton ◽  
Natasha Brusco ◽  
Tammy Gardner ◽  
Libby Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The Social

Background: For people living with or affected by Huntington’s Disease (HD) to experience a good quality of life, tailored support is required to meet physical, cognitive-behavioral, psychological, and social support needs. Substantial service and knowledge gaps regarding HD exist across support providers and service systems. Measuring unmet needs and what quality of life looks like is a fundamental step required to determine the social impact of service investment and provision. The objectives of this study were to validate and map a draft set of HD Social Impact Domains (HD-SID) against existing national and international outcome frameworks; and evaluate and finalize the HD-SID set using a co-design approach with people with lived experience of, and expertise in, HD. Methods: This research used a qualitative co-design process, with 39 participants across four stakeholder groups (people who were HD gene-positive, gene-negative family members, academics, peak organizations, and service providers) to: (i) map and verify the social life areas impacted by HD; (ii) undertake a rigorous three-phased, qualitative process to critically evaluate the draft HD-SID; and (iii) seek feedback on and endorsement of the HD-SID through this co-design process, with a final set of HD-SID identified. Results: Endorsed HD-SID comprised risks and safety (including housing stability, and economic sustainability) and social inclusion (including health and symptom management, physical wellbeing, emotional wellbeing, and building resilient relationships). Conclusions: Effective measurement of the impacts and outcomes for people with HD is informed by both extant measures and an understanding of the specific population needs. This qualitative co-design research demonstrates that HD-SID resonate with the HD community.

scholarly journals Stroke Prevention in the Developing World

Stroke ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3655-3658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery L. Feigin ◽  
Rita Krishnamurthi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Limited Health ◽  
The Early 21St Century

In the early 21st century, developing countries are experiencing an ever-increasing burden of stroke due its high morbidity and associated disability. Given the limited health resources available in developing countries, stroke prevention there is of paramount importance. This narrative review summarizes currently available evidence for stroke prevention in the developing world and outlines their major strategies and priorities.

Exploring System of Systems Resilience vs. Affordability Trade-Space Using a Bio-Inspired Metric

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Abheek Chatterjee ◽  
Richard Malak ◽  
Astrid Layton
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
System Of Systems ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
System Order ◽  
Range Of Values

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the value of an ecologically inspired architectural metric called the Degree of System Order in the System of Systems (SoS) architecting process. Two highly desirable SoS attributes are the ability to withstand and recover from disruptions (resilience) and affordability. In practice, more resilient SoS architectures are less affordable and it is essential to balance the trade-offs between the two attributes. Ecological research analyzing long-surviving ecosystems (nature's resilient SoS) using the Degree of System Order metric has found a unique balance of efficient and redundant interactions in their architecture. This balance implies that highly efficient ecosystems tend to be inflexible and vulnerable to perturbations while highly redundant ecosystems fail to utilize resources effectively for survival. Motivated by this unique architectural property of ecosystems, this study investigates the response to disruptions vs. affordability trade-space of a large number of feasible SoS architectures. Results indicate that the most favorable SoS architectures in this trade-space share a specific range of values of Degree of System Order. This suggests that Degree of System Order can be a key metric in engineered SoS development. Evaluating the Degree of System Order does not require detailed simulations and can, therefore, guide the early stage SoS design process towards more optimal SoS architectures.

Design thinking in printing graphic design approaches for animation films

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 709-728
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Optical Illusion ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Aesthetic Awareness

Art of animation as an analysis of movement is based on the theory that the vision remains on the eye after the disappearance of the actual image, and this scientific theory is the same that the film industry was built upon. Recently, various techniques and ideas have entered the print design process as a means of expressing a phenomenon subject to the human will to change and elevate our aesthetic awareness and feelings, which rise in various forms of designs that reveal themselves in design work and are embodied in animation films. The design artwork falls within a group of intertwined elements fused with each other, reflecting the peculiarity of this work, as it is innovation and creating new and interesting things, so that the design is suitable for the desired purpose and beautifully. Perhaps the simplest type of optical illusion that can clarify to us the idea of the impression of the existence of an image that does not actually exist is represented in the decree paper. Key words: Design thinking, Typography, Animation films

Alternatives to solve SDG trade-offs and to enforce SDG synergies: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Boar ◽  
Erola Palau Pinyana ◽  
Marc Oliveras-Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Offs

PurposeThis paper takes a critical view of synergies and trade-offs and discloses the practices that countries and companies should apply to achieve sustainable development.Design/methodology/approachThis paper offers a systematic literature review of 408 papers to find models of sustainable development goals (SDGs) interaction with the aim of shedding light on the existing synergies and trade-offs and finding solutions to enhance these synergies and minimize the trade-offs.FindingsBoth rich and developing countries should follow multiple strategies to improve the quality of life of their citizens. Developing countries should focus on eradicating poverty. Rich countries should apply new economic models that are more likely to be environmental-friendly. Finally, the topic of SDGs should be revisited by the United Nations.Practical implicationsBoosting the quality of education and providing clean energy are two of the most relevant actions that should to be taken by countries, as they will accelerate the fulfilment of all the other SDGs. The use of circular economic models or new business models, such as the sharing economy, is essential to the achievement of sustained economic growth without negative environmental impact.Originality/valueThe paper analyzes SDG interactions and offers a critical vision of practices that countries and companies should adhere to for achieving sustainable development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document