scholarly journals Comparing the experiences and legacies of volunteers at the FIS Nordic Ski World Championships in Oslo 2011 and Val di Fiemme 2013

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schnitzer ◽  
Elsa Kristiansen ◽  
Dag Vidar Hanstad
Keyword(s):  
Member Country ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ski Jumping ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Nordic Ski

Volunteers play an important role in delivering events, especially events over a longer period of time. As example the FIS Nordic Ski World Championships (Nordic WSC) take place every two years in a member country of the International Ski Federation (FIS). These events usually last 12 days and combine competitions in cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and Nordic. Furthermore volunteers do also represent one of the biggest groups of stakeholders taking part at the event. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the experiences and legacies as perceived by volunteers at two events of the same type (Nordic WSC), but staged in two different places and two different cultural settings.Therefore, 29 volunteers were interviewed, whereat half at got interviewed at the FIS Nordic WSC Oslo ant the other half at the FIS Nordic WSC Val di Fiemme.The interviews underline that people volunteer for many different reasons, whereat Norwegian volunteers displayed a more individualistic orientation. Italian volunteers have a greater commitment to their local community. In addition Italian volunteers feel that FIS acknowledge them for the good organisation of the events. Other differences can be found in the field of community acknowledgement. Norwegian volunteers added that the Norwegian economy does not appreciate this type of experience and in Italy also Students had to volunteer, which was also appreciated by community.The results show that the retention rate may be higher in Val di Fiemme due to the WSC being a project-based undertaking. Hence, local community loyalty or simple hobbies could show an increase in retention. For future events further research should be undertaken in this field of research.

Play as Work

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-40
Author(s):  
Daniel Pargman ◽  
Daniel Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The One ◽  
Standardization Organization ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Contemporary images of desirable work (for example at gaming companies or at one of the tech giants) foregrounds creativity and incorporates and idealises elements of play. Simultaneously, becoming one of the best in some particular leisure activity can require many long hours of hard, demanding work. Between on the one hand work and on the other hand leisure and play, we enter the domain of games and sports. Most classical sports originally developed from physical practices of moving the human body and these practices were, through standardization, organization and rationalization, turned into sports. Many sport researchers, (sport) historians and (sport) sociologists have pointed out that sports have gone through a process of “sportification”. Cross-country skiing is an example of an activity that has gone through a historical process of sportification, over time becoming progressively more managed and regulated. Computer games are today following a similar trajectory and have gone from being a leisure activity to becoming a competitive activity, “esports”, with professional players, international competitions, and live streams that are watched by tens of millions of viewers.

Chinese preschoolers’ acquisition of temporal adverbs indicating past, present, and future: a corpus-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (04) ◽  
pp. 760-784
Author(s):  
Lu Yao LIANG ◽  
Dandan WU ◽  
Hui LI
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Child Mandarin ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Temporal Adverbs

AbstractThis study investigated the development of temporal adverbs in early childhood Mandarin. All cases of temporal adverbs indicating the past, present, and future were extracted from the Early Child Mandarin Corpus (168 children in four age groups: 2;6, 3;6, 4;6, 5;6). Data analyses indicated: (1) Mandarin-speaking children produced a repertoire of 21 types of temporal adverbs, and the children in the first age group (M = 2;6) were capable of using temporal adverbs to denote past, present, and future events; (2) within each age group, the children produced significantly more future temporal adverbs than the other two subtypes; and (3) there was a significant age effect that, with increased age, more children were able to produce all subtypes of temporal adverbs. Overall, findings of this corpus-based investigation shed light upon Chinese children's early-attained ability to express the three fundamental notions of time by resorting to the appropriate linguistic devices.

Motivation of Slovenian and Norwegian Nordic Athletes towards Sports, Education and Dual Career

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Robert Kerštajn ◽  
Mojca Doupona Topič
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Ski Jumping ◽  
Alpha Reliability ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

This research examined the motivation towards dual career of Norwegian and Slovenian elite Nordic athletes who compete in specific sports disciplines (cross-country skiing, ski jumping and biathlon) where winter conditions are essential. Due to preparations, trainings and competitions these athletes are often far away from their place of residence and education and make every effort to coordinate their sports career and their education. The sample consisted of 51 Norwegian (female: n = 18, age: 25.2 ± 3.7; male: n = 33, age: 23.6 ± 3.6) and 66 Slovenian athletes (female: n = 31, age: 22.9 ± 5.82; male: n = 35, age: 22.0 ± 4.59) who participate in the elite competitions. We have examined the links between three types of motivation (for study, sports and dual career) and socio-demographic characteristics. The factor analysis of the SAMSAQ-EU questionnaire demonstrated a three-factor model and the Crombach's Alpha reliability test confirmed the reliability of the measurement of three latent dimensions of motivation: AM (alpha = 0.878), SAM (alpha = 0.738) and CAM (alpha = 0.694). The results showed that female athletes are more motivated towards education than male athletes and that Slovenian athletes are more motivated towards sports careers than their Norwegian peers. The parents of the respondents from Norway (fathers as well as mothers) tend to have higher education than the parents of the Slovenian athletes, whereas the mothers have higher education than the fathers. More educated (Norwegian) parents contributed significantly to their children's involvement in sports, whereas Slovenian athletes would generally choose their sports career by themselves. Our research did not show significant links between the factor of motivation towards education and the factor of motivation towards sports. Although Norway and Slovenia both experience the lack of structural measures for education of elite athletes in higher education, student-athletes of both countries are highly motivated towards academic and sports career.

Many non-elite multisport endurance athletes do not meet sports nutrition recommendations for carbohydrates

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 728-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Masson ◽  
Benoît Lamarche
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country

Little is known regarding the dietary intake of non-elite athletes involved in multisport endurance events. The primary objective of this observational study was to characterize the dietary intake of non-elite athletes participating in winter triathlon (snowshoeing, skating, and cross-country skiing), winter pentathlon (winter triathlon sports + cycling and running), Ironman (IM: swimming, cycling, running), and half-distance Ironman (IM 70.3) in relation with current sports nutrition recommendations. A total of 116 non-elite athletes (32 women and 84 men) who had participated in one of those events in 2014 were included in the analyses. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated online food frequency questionnaire. Participants (22–66 years old) trained 14.8 ± 5.3 h/week, on average (±SD). Only 45.7% [95% confidence interval, 36.4%–55.2%] of all athletes reported consuming the recommended intake for carbohydrates, with the highest proportion (66.7%) seen in IM athletes. On the other hand, 87.1% [79.6%–92.6%] of all athletes reported consuming at least 1.2 g protein·kg−1·day−1, while 66.4% [57.0%–74.9%] reported consuming more than 1.6 g protein·kg−1·day−1. The proportion of athletes consuming the recommended amount of protein was highest (84.6%) among IM athletes. There was no difference in the proportion of athletes achieving the recommended carbohydrate and protein intakes between men and women. These findings suggest that many non-elite multisport endurance athletes do not meet the current recommendations for carbohydrates, emphasizing the need for targeted nutritional education. Further research is needed to examine how underreporting of food intake may have affected these estimates.

scholarly journals TV Sports Viewers – Who Are They?

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Arne Solberg ◽  
Randi Hammervold
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Ski Jumping ◽  
Football Fans ◽  
Cross Country Skiing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Pay Tv ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Uncertainty Of Outcome ◽  
Sport Economics

AbstractThis article reports on empirical data from Norway which indicates that popular sports contests are also popular TV programmes. Individual sports, such as biathlon and cross-country skiing headed the popularity list, while football and ski-jumping came joint third. However, although football (only) came third, a higher proportion of football fans were willing to pay for watching it on TV than fans of other sports. This can explain why football has been the most successful sport pay-TV in Europe. Those interested in football were more interested in cultivating their favourite teams/athletes than fans of other sports. The analysis also indicates that the uncertainty of outcome is not as important for peoples’ interest in sport as the literature in sport economics has argued.

Basic Human Values of Russians and Other Europeans (The Results of 2008 Surveys)

2010 ◽  
pp. 107-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Magun ◽  
M. Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Policy ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Value Changes ◽  
Fourth Round

The authors rely mainly on the data from the fourth round of the European Social Survey held in 2008 in their comparison between the Russian basic values and the values of the 31 other European countries as measured by Schwartz Portrait Values Questionnaire. The authors start from comparing country averages. Then they compare Russia with the other countries taking into account internal country value diversity. And finally they refine cross-country value comparisons taking the advantage of the multiple regression analysis. As revealed from the study there are important value barriers to the Russian economy and society progress and well targeted cultural policy is needed to promote necessary value changes.

A Politics of Intensity: Some Aspects of Acceleration in Simondon and Deleuze

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-517
Author(s):  
Yuk Hui ◽  
Louis Morelle
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Generic Concept ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Ontological Ground ◽  
Shed Light

This article aims to clarify the question of speed and intensity in the thoughts of Simondon and Deleuze, in order to shed light on the recent debates regarding accelerationism and its politics. Instead of starting with speed, we propose to look into the notion of intensity and how it serves as a new ontological ground in Simondon's and Deleuze's philosophy and politics. Simondon mobilises the concept of intensity to criticise hylomorphism and substantialism; Deleuze, taking up Simondon's conceptual framework, repurposes it for his ontology of difference, elevating intensity to the rank of generic concept of being, thus bypassing notions of negativity and individuals as base, in favour of the productive and universal character of difference. In Deleuze, the correlation between intensity and speed is fraught with ambiguities, with each term threatening to subsume the other; this rampant tension becomes explicitly antagonistic when taken up by the diverse strands of contemporary accelerationism, resulting in two extreme cases in the posthuman discourse: either a pure becoming, achieved through destruction, or through abstraction that does away with intensity altogether; or an intensity without movement or speed, that remains a pure jouissance. Both cases appear to stumble over the problem of individuation, if not disindividuation. Hence, we wish to raise the following question: in what way can one think of an accelerationist politics with intensity, or an intensive politics without the fetishisation of speed? We consider this question central to the interrogation of the limits of acceleration and posthuman discourse, thus requiring a new philosophical thought on intensity and speed.

Imagining the Woman Reader in the Age of Dante

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Lombardi
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Women Readers ◽  
Literary Authority ◽  
Woman Reader ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Literacy ◽  
Female Audience ◽  
Shed Light

The literature of the Italian Due- and Trecento frequently calls into play the figure of a woman reader. From Guittone d’Arezzo’s piercing critic, the ‘villainous woman’, to the mysterious Lady who bids Guido Cavalcanti to write his grand philosophical song, to Dante’s female co-editors in the Vita Nova and his great characters of female readers, such as Francesca and Beatrice in the Comedy, all the way to Boccaccio’s overtly female audience, this particular sort of interlocutor appears to be central to the construct of textuality and the construction of literary authority in these times. The aim of this book is to shed light on this figure by contextualizing her within the history of female literacy, the material culture of the book, and the ways in which writers and poets of earlier traditions (in particular Occitan and French) imagined her. Its argument is that these figures of women readers are not mere veneers between a male author and a ‘real’ male readership, but that, although fictional, they bring several advantages to their vernacular authors, such as orality, the mother tongue, the recollection of the delights of early education, literality, freedom in interpretation, absence of teleology, the beauties of ornamentation and amplification, a reduced preoccupation with the fixity of the text, the pleasure of making mistakes, dialogue with the other, the extension of desire, original simplicity, and new and more flexible forms of authority.

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