Spatial distribution of soil morphology and physicochemical properties to assess land degradation under different NDVI and TRI in North Halmahera, Indonesia

Land degradation is currently a major environmental problem that can lead to decreasing biomass productivity. The causes of land degradation have been widely reported. However, the soil morphological characteristics and its detailed properties related to land degradation need to be investigated further. The research was conducted in North Halmahera Regency in March-April 2020. The study started with an overlay of basic maps such as rainfall, land use, topography, and soil types to map the degraded land units. Several land units classified from slightly damaged to severely damaged will be validated based on field observations and supported by laboratory measurements. Characterization of soil morphology and soil sampling was carried out according to USDA international standards. Sentinel 2A image and SRTM image from March to April 2020 were used to determine NDVI and TRI. The characteristics of the soils that have not been degraded tend to be found in volcanic landscapes, while those of the degraded soils tend to be found in structural and karst hills. The thickness of the degraded soil horizons tends to be shallower with an incomplete horizon arrangement, and many rock fragments are found in the soil surface layer. SOC gradually decreases in degraded soils, while the essential nutrients (N, P, and K) are relatively more varied across soil types. The improper land use without conservation on steep slopes causes the soils to be easily degraded. The soil degradation index has a linear relationship with NDVI and TRI. Thus, the revitalization of degraded lands needs to pay attention to the layout and types of vegetation with different slope levels according to the geomorphological zone.

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Land change effects on ecosystem degradation across Nigerian agro-ecological zones from 1975 through 2020

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-7204 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Felicia Akinyemi ◽

Chinwe Ifejika Speranza

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Degradation ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Land Change ◽

Land Area ◽

Degraded Land ◽

Vegetation Productivity ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Settlement Areas ◽

Agro Ecological Zones

Land system change is implicated in many sustainability challenges as its alteration impacts ecosystems and exacerbate the vulnerability of communities, particularly where livelihoods are largely dependent on natural resources. The production of a land use-cover map for year 2020 extended the time-series for assessing land use-cover dynamics over a period of 45 years (1975-2020). The case of Nigeria is examined as the land area encompass several agro-ecological zones. The classification scheme countries utilise for estimating Land Degradation Neutrality baseline and monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goal 15.3.1 indicator (proportion of degraded land over total land area) was used, based on seven land use-cover classes (tree-covered area, grassland, cropland, wetland, artificial surface area, otherland, and waterbody). Severity of land degradation, computed as changes in vegetation productivity using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), as well as changes in ecosystem service values were examined across the different land use-cover types, in areas of change and persistence. Land degradation is most severe in settlement areas and wetlands with declining trends in 34% of settlement areas and 29% in wetlands respectively. About 19% of tree-covered areas experienced increasing trends. In some areas of land use-cover persistence, vegetation productivity declined despite no land change occurring. For example, vegetation productivity declined in about 35% and 9% of persistent wetlands and otherland respectively between 2000 and 2020, whereas there was improvement in 22% of persistent grasslands, 18% of persistent otherlands and 12% of persistent croplands. In land change areas, about 12% and 8% of wetlands and tree-covered areas had declining vegetation trends respectively, whereas it improved the most in croplands (20%), and grasslands (16%). With some wetland, cropland and otherland areas degrading the most, protecting these critical ecosystems is required to sustain their functions and services. The finding that vegetation productivity may decline in areas of persistence underscores the importance of intersecting land use-cover (in terms of persistence and change) with vegetation productivity to identify pathways for enhancing ecological sustainability.

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SPATIAL-TEMPORAL CHANGES OF LAND DEGRADATION CAUSED BY NATURAL AND HUMAN INDUCED FACTORS: CASE STUDY OF BULGAN PROVINCE IN CENTRAL MONGOLIA

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-79-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol XLIII-B4-2021 ◽

pp. 79-85

Author(s):

S. Dalantai ◽

E. Sumiya ◽

Y. Bao ◽

M. Otgonbayar ◽

U. Mandakh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Degradation ◽

Geographical Information ◽

Land Use Type ◽

Degraded Land ◽

Gis And Remote Sensing ◽

Central Mongolia ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

Land Degradation And Desertification

Abstract. Land degradation and desertification have been ranked as a major environmental issue for arid and semi-arid regions is a comprehensive concept that depends on many factors. Detecting early land degradation is a significant issue of social and environmental with geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing methods has been used for the interpretation of spatial-temporal data. In this study, the assessment of the current state of land degradation is influenced by several complexes of the natural and anthropological causes. The results of land degradation assessment carried out for Bulgan province of Mongolia using multi-temporal resourced data as climate condition (vegetation growing season of temperature and precipitation), land use type (density of seasonal camps of herder households, roads, cropland, settlements) and MODIS vegetation product data were used to estimate land degradation change period from 2000 to 2018 and accessed it’s for effecting on degradation over last 19 years. We obtained a prediction of land degradation integrated with indicators and based on the spatial pattern of human influence. One of the main indicators for land degradation was land use type as pasture usage of livestock husbandry in Bulgan province, overgrazing is the most widespread cause of land degradation, particularly around permanent location of herders and livestock affecting about moderately and slightly degraded land is 72.78% of study total area.

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Understanding zero deforestation and the High Carbon Stock Approach in a highly forested tropical country

10.31235/osf.io/n9dhz ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joss Lyons-White ◽

Christian Mikolo Yobo ◽

Robert M. Ewers ◽

Andrew T. Knight

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

International Standards ◽

Critical Systems ◽

High Carbon ◽

Degraded Land

“Zero deforestation” commitments are pledges by companies to avoid deforestation when producing palm oil. Zero deforestation can be implemented using the High Carbon Stock Approach (HCSA), a tool that distinguishes forests from degraded land which can be developed. In highly forested countries like Gabon, zero deforestation may conflict with national economic goals involving palm oil and other agricultural commodities. We investigated perspectives of stakeholders in Gabon about zero deforestation and the HCSA using Critical Systems Heuristics, a systems thinking methodology. In 25 interviews with government, NGOs, companies, and research institutions, and two focus groups with rural communities, we identified three contrasting perspectives on forest conservation and agro-industrial development: international, national, and local. Zero deforestation represents an international perspective that marginalises issues from a national perspective. This may produce unintended consequences that undermine the legitimacy of zero deforestation, including conversion of Gabon’s savannahs and disincentives for sustainable business development. From a local perspective, zero deforestation is embedded in an agro-industrial vision that marginalises value judgments concerning forests and traditional livelihoods. Gabon’s National Land Use Plan could help reconcile the three perspectives but requires recognition by international standards. Adapting the HCSA should also be considered. Research is required to ensure proposed institutional arrangements deliver equitable multi-stakeholder participation in land-use planning. Gabon’s case shows the applicability of zero deforestation to all highly forested countries cannot be assumed. Improved international understanding of national contexts, and flexibility in applying “zero deforestation”, is important for designing effective and equitable international standards for sustainable agricultural production.

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Biological rehabilitation in the degraded land, a case study of Shariingol Soum of Selenge Aimag in Mongolia

Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.5564/mjas.v15i2.555 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 106-112

Author(s):

B Khishigjargal ◽

N Kishigsuren ◽

Sh Dolgormaa ◽

Ya Baasandorj

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Plant Regeneration ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Land Degradation ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Mining Activities ◽

Degraded Land ◽

Land Usage ◽

Abandoned Land

Land is degraded and abandoned by intensive usages from mining and agriculture activities in the northern part of Mongolia. Especially agriculture land usage without rotation is one of the reasons of soil fertility loss. Land degradation is not only becoming an ecological degradation, but also decrease of economic benefits.We have conducted a survey on the planting perennial in the abandoned and degraded land. Planting perennials in the degraded lands is considering a one of the important technologies for plant regeneration (Institute of Geoecology, MAS. 2002). Lands are traditionally used for pasture and animal husbandry, but in recent decades multiple land use has increased rapidly in Mongolia. Especially, the mining activities have been implemented rapidly.From the result, we can see that, the wintering of Medicago falcata L is 70-76 percent and yield is 12-16.4 centner/ha in the abandoned land, and 80-85 percent for wintering and yield is 2-3.5 centner/ha in the degraded land from mining activities. Due to planting perennial, xerophyte plants increased by 12 percent and mesophyte plants increased by 45 percent in the abandoned land. In contrast, mesophyte plants decreased by 2 percent, and xerophyte plants decreased by 8 percent in the degraded land from mining activities.Journal of agricultural sciences №15 (02): 106-112, 2015

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FEATURES OF MONITORING OF DEGRADED LANDS TO ASSESS POSSIBILITIES FOR THEIR REHABILITATION

Prirodoobustrojstvo ◽

10.26897/1997-6011-2020-4-37-43 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

B.I. KORZHENEVSKIY ◽

◽

N.V. KOLOMIYTSEV ◽

G.YU. TOLKACHEV

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Land ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Energy Reserves ◽

Land Restoration ◽

Degraded Land ◽

Degraded Lands ◽

The Past ◽

Unused Land ◽

Restoration Work

Putting out of using large areas of agricultural lands in the central region over the past years has led to worsening the prospects of their purposed use, although the problem of the relevance of their restoration still remains. For many years the unused land was exposed to both natural exogenous processes such as erosion, suffusion, etc. and biological and chemical changes, usually for the worse for agriculture. There are considered elements of monitoring aimed at assessing the prospects or lack of perspectives of rehabilitation of degraded lands. An energy approach to assessing the state of slopes and soils located within these slopes is presented. The main factors of natural and anthropogenic character in assessing the prospects for land restoration are their steepness, excess relative to local bases of erosion other morphological characteristics of slopes which in general is reduced to an assessment of the energy provision of slopes and soils. So the higher the energy capacity of slopes – they are less promising for development, for soils – there is a reverse picture – the higher their energy reserves, the more promising is their use. Approaches to zoning the territory for monitoring from larger taxons of natural and anthropogenic genesis to the sites of special surveillance within which the prospects for rehabilitation of the agricultural land are evaluated. The most important factor is the material expediency of such actions, i.e. before starting the restoration work it is necessary to assess the profitability or loss of the proposed event. In cases of the material expediency it is feasible as further actions to include energy assessments of slopes and soils; zoning of the object according to the steepness and oriented characteristics of soil washout; and the possibility of obtaining agronomic and meteorological data on a timely basis. The result of the work is a forecast assessment of the prospects for restoring degraded land for the intended purpose using modern databases and WEB-systems.

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Properties of humic acids depending on the land use in different parts of Slovakia

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-14616-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Banach-Szott ◽

Bozena Debska ◽

Erika Tobiasova

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Size Distribution ◽

Humic Acids ◽

Forest Ecosystem ◽

Soil Type ◽

Soil Types ◽

Organic Matter Quality ◽

Degree Of Maturity ◽

Effects Of Land Use

AbstractMany studies report organic carbon stabilization by clay minerals, but the effects of land use and soil type on the properties of humic acids (HAs) are missing. The aim of the paper is to determine the effects of land use and soil types on the characteristics of HAs, which have a considerable influence on organic matter quality. It was hypothesised that the effect of the land use on HAs properties depends on the particular size distribution. The research was performed in three ecosystems: agricultural, forest, and meadow, located in Slovakia. From each of them, the samples of 4 soil types were taken: Chernozem, Luvisol, Planosol, and Cambisol. The soil samples were assayed for the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and the particle size distribution. HAs were extracted with the Schnitzer method and analysed for the elemental composition, spectrometric parameters in the UV-VIS range, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, and the infrared spectra were produced. The research results have shown that the properties of HAs can be modified by the land use and the scope and that the direction of changes depends on the soil type. The HAs of Chernozem and Luvisol in the agri-ecosystem were identified with a higher “degree of maturity”, as reflected by atomic ratios (H/C, O/C, O/H), absorbance coefficients, and the FT-IR spectra, as compared with the HAs of the meadow and forest ecosystem. However, as for the HAs of Cambisol, a higher “degree of maturity” was demonstrated for the meadow ecosystem, as compared with the HAs of the agri- and forest ecosystem. The present research has clearly identified that the content of clay is the factor determining the HAs properties. Soils with a higher content of the clay fraction contain HAs with a higher “degree of maturity”.

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Change of Land Use in Altai Krai: Problems and Prospects for the Achievement of Land Degradation Neutrality

Arid Ecosystems ◽

10.1134/s2079096120020134 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 106-113

Author(s):

D. V. Zolotov ◽

D. V. Chernykh ◽

R. Yu. Biryukov ◽

D. K. Pershin ◽

N. S. Malygina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Degradation

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Assessment of Non-Point Source Total Phosphorus Pollution from Different Land Use and Soil Types in a Mid-High Latitude Region of China

Water ◽

10.3390/w8110505 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 505 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zhiwei Wang ◽

Shengtian Yang ◽

Changsen Zhao ◽

Juan Bai ◽

Hezhen Lou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Point Source ◽

Total Phosphorus ◽

High Latitude ◽

Soil Types ◽

Phosphorus Pollution ◽

High Latitude Region ◽

Latitude Region

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Land-use change and land degradation in Turkmenistan in the post-Soviet era

Journal of Arid Environments ◽

10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.12.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 96-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shai Kaplan ◽

Dan G. Blumberg ◽

Elmar Mamedov ◽

Leah Orlovsky

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Land Degradation

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Accumulation patterns of soil organic matter in forests as a legacy of historical charcoal burning

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5161 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Schneider ◽

Alexander Bonhage ◽

Florian Hirsch ◽

Alexandra Raab ◽

Thomas Raab

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Large Scale ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Landscape Scale ◽

Legacy Effects ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Study Region ◽

Land Use Legacies

Human land use and occupation often lead to a high heterogeneity of soil stratigraphy and properties in landscapes within small, clearly delimited areas. Legacy effects of past land use also are also abundant in recent forest areas. Although such land use legacies can occur on considerable fractions of the soil surface, they are hardly considered in soil mapping and inventories. The heterogenous spatial distribution of land use legacy soils challenges the quantification of their impacts on the landscape scale. Relict charcoal hearths (RCH) are a widespread example for the long-lasting effect of historical land use on soil landscapes in forests of many European countries and also northeastern USA. Soils on RCH clearly differ from surrounding forest soils in their stratigraphy and properties, and are most prominently characterized by a technogenic substrate layer with high contents of charcoal. The properties of RCH soils have recently been studied for several regions, but their relevance on the landscape scale has hardly been quantified.We analyse and discuss the distribution and ecological relevance of land use legacy soils across scales for RCH in the state of Brandenburg, Germany, with a focus on soil organic matter (SOM) stocks. Our analysis is based on a large-scale mapping of RCH from digital elevation models (DEM), combined with modelled SOM stocks in RCH soils.&#160;The distribution of RCH soils in the study region shows heterogeneity at different scales. The large-scale variation is related to the concentration of charcoal production to specific forest areas and the small-scale accumulation pattern is related to the irregular distribution of single RCH within the charcoal production fields. Considerable fractions of the surface area are covered by RCH soils in the major charcoal production areas within the study region. The results also show that RCH can significantly contribute to the soil organic matter stocks of forests, even for areas where they cover only a small fraction of the soil surface. The study highlights that considering land use legacy effects can be relevant for the results of soil mapping and inventories; and that prospecting and mapping land use legacies from DEM can contribute to improving such approaches.

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