Repellent and Nematostatic Behaviour of Botanical Extracts Against Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita Attacking Solanum melongena L.

A 2-year field study was conducted to develop an eco-friendly field application method for controlling root-knot disease of eggplant (Solanum melongena). The test sites were heavily infested with the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The efficacy of neem cake (1.5 t ha−1), talc-based preparations of Pseudomonas fluorescens (10 kg ha−1) and Trichoderma harzianum (10 kg ha−1) as soil application and seed treatment (10 g (kg seed)−1) were tested to develop an integrated nematode management module against M. incognita infecting eggplant. Neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum alone and in combinations significantly reduced the incidence of root-knot disease of eggplant. Fresh and dry weight of shoots were higher in the plant where neem cake, P. fluorescens and T. harzianum had been applied, than in both M. incognita-infected plants and other treatments. The best protection of disease, in terms of reduction in number of galls (81%) and reproductive factor (Pf∕Pi < 0.5) of the nematode, was achieved through this treatment. It also enhanced yield of eggplant by up to 70%. It is suggested that integrated approach using organic amendment with bio-control agents to manage root-knot disease of eggplant under natural infestation is not only environmentally friendly but also more beneficial to growers. This approach also has potential for overcoming some of the efficacy problems that occur with application of individual biological control agent.

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Control of root-knot disease of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) by the application of leaf extracts of certain medicinal plants

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5016 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Naseer Hussain Shah ◽

Abdul Rashid Dar ◽

Irfana Amin Qureshi ◽

Afroza Akhter ◽

Mohammad Rafiq Wani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Datura Metel ◽

Induced Tolerance

Microscopic plant parasitic nematodes are round worms that feed on plants and damage them. The most common and serious amongst the nematodes is the root-knot nematode found throughout the country with a very wide host range of cultivated crops. Brinjal (Solanum melongena) crop yield is considerably reduced by root-knot nematodes particularly Meloidogyne incognita. Root-galls of brinjal caused by Meloidogyne incognita can be controlled effectively by using the bio-agents and botanicals which in turn increases the yield and plant growth. Present study explored the effect of leaf extracts of certain plants on the root-knot development, plant growth and nematode multiplication in pot experiments. Extract treated and nematode inoculated plants showed improvement on growth over untreated inoculated plants and reduced the disease development. Five (viz., margosa, marigold, datura, hemp and tobacco) leaf extracts, irrespective of concentration, apparently induced tolerance in inoculated plants as evidenced by better plant growth in comparison to control and suppressed the multiplication of nematode which resulted in low root-knot index. Margosa (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract suppressed the nematode multiplication, reduced root galling and improved the plant growth of inoculated plants. Margosa and marigold (Tagetes erecta) leaf extracts were found more effective in controlling the root-knot development than the leaf extracts of hemp (Cannabis sativa), datura (Datura metel) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Higher concentrations (20 ml/plant) of leaf extracts were found to be more effective in controlling the root knot development. Based on our observations, it may be concluded that margosa or marigold extract treatment of brinjal seedlings prior to transplantation can avoid severe damage by suppressing the nematode multiplication and inducing the tolerance in treated inoculated plants.

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Response of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) varieties for resistance against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita race-1

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2018.7221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 222-224

Author(s):

Gulwaiz Akhter ◽

◽

Tabreiz Ahmad Khan ◽

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Race 1 ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

First Time ◽

Black Beauty

Thirty brinjal varieties were screened for their resistance / susceptibility to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race-1) infestation. Out of 30 brinjal varieties, eighteen varieties viz., Black Beauty, Brinjal 1 hybrid, Brinjal No.38, Chamak, Govinda, Green round, Nagina, Nav Kiran, Neel Kamal, Nishant, P.K-123, Prabha Kiran, Prasad, Sukhda, Surya Kiran, i9Utkal, VNR-51 and VNR-60 were highly susceptible, seven varieties (Brinjal Advance, Brinjal BSS1013, Green long, Harshit, Prapti, Shamli and Ujjwal) were susceptible, two varieties (Mahy 112 and Mahy Ruby) were tolerant, two varieties (Hybrid green and JK Kajal) were moderately resistant and only one variety Mahy 80 was resistant against Meloidogyne incognita race-1. To the best of our knowledge, Mahy 80 variety was ported to be resistant against root-knot nematode, M. incognita race-1 for the first time

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Application of Bacillus species for controlling root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in eggplant

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-019-0187-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi ◽

Hassan Abd-El-Khair

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Nematicidal Activity ◽

Biocontrol Agents ◽

Bacillus Species ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Egg Masses ◽

Applied Dose

Abstract Background Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the important vegetable crops infected by Meloidogyne incognita all over the world, including Egypt. Chemical nematicides frequently cause environmental pollution and toxic hazards to human, plants, and animals; certain biocontrol agents that are environmentally friendly and safe to humans and animals were tested against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in eggplant. Objective This work is aimed to determine the nematicidal activity of Bacillus spp., viz., B. subtilis and B. pumilus, against M. incognita in three separated experiments to study their ability in controlling M. incognita and in improving the growth parameters of eggplants. Bacillus spp. were applied as single or in combination (experiment I), single treatment at different doses (experiment II), and different times (three times) of application (experiment III). Results The results of experiment I revealed that Bacillus sp. + B. subtilis significantly reduced the second-stage juvenile (J2) in soil and galls and egg masses in roots, while Bacillus sp. + B. pumilus significantly reduced J2 in roots. Bacillus spp. in pairs were more effective against M. incognita. In experiment II, Bacillus sp. (40 ml) significantly reduced the J2 in soil and galls and egg masses in roots, while B. pumilus (40 ml) significantly reduced the J2 in roots. The nematicidal activity of Bacillus spp. was increased by increasing the applied dose. In experiment III, B. subtilis, when applied three times, significantly reduced the J2 in soil and the J2 and galls in roots, while B. pumilus (applied three times) significantly reduced the egg masses in roots. All Bacillus spp. treatments highly increased the tested growth parameters compared to the controls. Conclusions The tested biocontrol agents used more than once or in combination are more effective than those used only once in controlling nematode parameters in eggplant under greenhouse conditions with a consequent increase in eggplant growth. These bacterial isolates need to be studied under different field conditions for confirmation.

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Efficacy of Some Botanical Extracts on Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Egg- Hatch and Juvenile Mortality in vitro

Asian Journal of Agricultural and Horticultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajahr/2018/44736 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

C. I. Jidere ◽

J. I. Oluwatayo

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Juvenile Mortality ◽

Botanical Extracts

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Comparative Efficacy of Garlic Clove and Castor Seed Aqueous Extracts Against the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne Incognita Infecting Tomato Plants

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/jppr-2013-0042 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 285-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wafaa Mohamed Abd-Elhameed El-Nagdi ◽

Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Youssef

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Block Design ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Botanical Extracts

Abstract A greenhouse experiment using aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) cloves and castor bean (Ricinus communis) seeds, to control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato cv. Super strain B, was conducted. The plant materials were diluted with distilled water; the concentration was 10 g/100 ml. Four-week old tomato seedlings were planted in pots and arranged in a completely randomized block design for a treatment of five replicates. Approximately 2,000 juveniles of root knot nematode were pipetted around each plant. The botanical extracts were either soil drenched or foliar sprayed, for each pot. Cadusafos 10G (Rugby) as a nematicide, and non-treated pots served as the control. Results showed that tomato is susceptible to M. incognita infection. Botanical extracts were more effective and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced nematode criteria including number of galls and egg masses on roots of tomato and number of juveniles in roots and soil, compared to nematicide and non-treated plants. In general, a high dilution of the tested materials caused higher increases in lengths and weights of shoots and numbers and weights of fruits than those occurred by a low dilution

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Resistance mechanisms ofPrunusrootstocks to root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita

Fruits ◽

10.1051/fruits/2009024 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 295-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hang Ye ◽

Wen-jun Wang ◽

Guo-jie Liu ◽

Li-xin Zhu ◽

Ke-gong Jia

Keyword(s):

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Root Knot Nematode

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Transcriptome Analysis of Eggplant Root in Response to Root-Knot Nematode Infection

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10040470 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 470

Author(s):

Min Zhang ◽

Hongyuan Zhang ◽

Jie Tan ◽

Shuping Huang ◽

Xia Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Solanum Torvum ◽

Plant Nematode

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), which belongs to the Solanaceae family, is an important vegetable crop. However, its production is severely threatened by root-knot nematodes (RKNs) in many countries. Solanum torvum, a wild relative of eggplant, is employed worldwide as rootstock for eggplant cultivation due to its resistance to soil-borne diseases such as RKNs. In this study, to identify the RKN defense mechanisms, the transcriptomic profiles of eggplant and Solanum torvum were compared. A total of 5360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified for the response to RKN infection. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are mainly involved in the processes of response to stimulus, protein phosphorylation, hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Many phytohormone-related genes and transcription factors (MYB, WRKY, and NAC) were differentially expressed at the four time points (ck, 7, 14, and 28 days post-infection). The abscisic acid signaling pathway might be involved in plant-nematode interactions. qRT-PCR validated the expression levels of some of the DEGs in eggplant. These findings demonstrate the nematode-induced expression profiles and provide some insights into the nematode resistance mechanism in eggplant.

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