Going Round in Circles: Popular Speech in Ancient Rome

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O'Neill

This paper offers a close analysis of the usage of the term circulus to refer to groups of Romans gathered together for various reasons. I identify such groupings as primarily non-elite in character and suggest that examination of their representation in our sources offers insight into popular sociability and communication at Rome. While circuli and the related figure of the circulator are often associated with what is considered to be a debased popular culture, they can also be seen as part of a more general culture of popular sociability which is politically threatening to a Roman governing class that desired to monopolize and control speech and communication and in whose interest it was to channel popular political participation into the official political institutions of the city. This paper also looks at some of the strategies developed by Roman elites to maintain, in response to such unauthorized activity, their moral, intellectual, and political hegemony over the rest of the population.

Author(s):  
George F. Flaherty

The notion of satellites deployed in Chapter 5 elucidates the sociopolitical status of the middle class and youth within the Mexican nation-state at mid-century. Both were peripheral to the franchise, their political options curtailed by the corporatist and clientelist institutions. While the new university campuses, such as the representative University City (supervised in part by Mario Pani), appeared as the spaces of conviviality, they were in fact spaces of management and control, designed to prevent disruptions to the programmed flows of the city. In this light, the chapter discusses the 68 Movement’s slogan ganar la calle as the set of conscious, intentional, and insurgent urban tactics, both embodied and discursive, devised to counter the state’s denial of room for political participation—most notably, through the movement’s marches


2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (552) ◽  
pp. 1010-1042
Author(s):  
Alison Rowlands

Abstract In 1692 a woman named Barbara Ehness was awaiting execution for attempted murder by poison in the Lutheran imperial city of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. She requested spiritual solace, and three Lutheran clerics duly visited her in gaol. As a result of their intervention, Barbara was, at first, persuaded to admit she was a witch, and that she had attended witches’ gatherings where she had seen several other (named) Rothenburg inhabitants. However, Barbara soon retracted these denunciations, telling the city councillors that she had been forced into making them by one of the three clerics who had visited her in gaol, the territory’s chief ecclesiastical official, Church Superintendent Sebastian Kirchmeier. This article offers a close analysis and contextualisation of this richly detailed trial (which included a lengthy defence of his actions by Kirchmeier), exploring Kirchmeier’s motivations, why the councillors refused to follow his witch-hunting lead, and how the case fitted into the wider context of urban politics. The potentially abusive role of father confessors had already been identified by some seventeenth-century critics of witch-hunts (beginning with Friedrich Spee in 1631), but the confidentiality of the confessor–sinner relationship has usually meant that no record of it is left to us in specific cases. The exposure of Kirchmeier’s intervention in the Ehness trial thus gives us a unique insight into how one father confessor tried (and failed) to use his relationship with a prisoner to influence a trial outcome, and to start a witch-hunt, based on the denunciations of alleged sabbath-attenders whom he suggested to her.


Author(s):  
Tiago Abdalla T. Neto, Renato Cunha Silva, Anderson dos Santos Antonio

A obra Atos de André, produzida provavelmente no século II EC, apresenta uma série de eventos e situações domésticas que supostamente ocorreram durante o ministério do apóstolo André na cidade de Patras. O presente artigo analisa de que forma esse livro nos revela aspectos importantes da cultura popular da Roma antiga, especialmente da época de sua produção. Observa-se como o grupo subalterno responsável pela obra de nuances encratitas busca redefinir e inverter certos conceitos estabelecidos pela elite da sociedade romana. Um desses conceitos se relaciona com a ideia de família, vista em Atos de André não como uma relação marcada por laços de sangue, mas por pessoas que fazem parte do mesmo grupo religioso identificado com um líder específico, neste caso o suposto apóstolo André. A natureza do casamento também é redefinida, não mais como algo bom, exaltado por filósofos e líderes políticos de Roma, mas como uma relação maligna que mancha a dignidade do indivíduo. As relações entre senhores e escravos variavam, desde um profundo afeto entre ambos até ações caprichosas e violentas de senhores contra seus servos, que poderiam culminar na morte destes. Por fim, a obra revela um enredo bem construído com jogos de palavras e diversos temas e alusões bíblicos.The work Acts of Andrew, probably produced in the second century EC, presents a series of events and domestic situations that supposedly occurred during the ministry of the apostle Andrew in the city of Patras. This article analyzes how this book reveals important aspects of popular culture in ancient Rome, especially at the time of its production. It is observed how the subaltern group responsible for the work with encratites nuances seeks to redefine and reverse certain concepts established by the Roman elite. One of these concepts relates to the idea of family, seen in the Acts of Andrew not as a relationship marked by blood ties, but by people who are part of the same religious group identified with a specific leader, in this case the alleged apostle Andrew. The nature of marriage is also redefined, no longer as something good, exalted by philosophers and political leaders of Rome, but as an evil relation that blemish the dignity of the individual. Relations between masters and slaves varied from a deep affection between the two to arbitrary and violent actions of masters against their servants, which could culminate in their death. Finally, the work reveals a well-constructed storyline with puns and various biblical themes and allusions. 


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sarah Hackett

Drawing upon a collection of oral history interviews, this paper offers an insight into entrepreneurial and residential patterns and behaviour amongst Turkish Muslims in the German city of Bremen. The academic literature has traditionally argued that Turkish migrants in Germany have been pushed into self-employment, low-quality housing and segregated neighbourhoods as a result of discrimination, and poor employment and housing opportunities. Yet the interviews reveal the extent to which Bremen’s Turkish Muslims’ performances and experiences have overwhelmingly been the consequences of personal choices and ambitions. For many of the city’s Turkish Muslim entrepreneurs, self-employment had been a long-term objective, and they have succeeded in establishing and running their businesses in the manner they choose with regards to location and clientele, for example. Similarly, interviewees stressed the way in which they were able to shape their housing experiences by opting which districts of the city to live in and by purchasing property. On the whole, they perceive their entrepreneurial and residential practices as both consequences and mediums of success, integration and a loyalty to the city of Bremen. The findings are contextualised within the wider debate regarding the long-term legacy of Germany’s post-war guest-worker system and its position as a “country of immigration”.


Author(s):  
Tamara Green

Much of the literature, policies, programs, and investment has been made on mental health, case management, and suicide prevention of veterans. The Australian “veteran community is facing a suicide epidemic for the reasons that are extremely complex and beyond the scope of those currently dealing with them.” (Menz, D: 2019). Only limited work has considered the digital transformation of loosely and manual-based historical records and no enablement of Artificial Intelligence (A.I) and machine learning to suicide risk prediction and control for serving military members and veterans to date. This paper presents issues and challenges in suicide prevention and management of veterans, from the standing of policymakers to stakeholders, campaigners of veteran suicide prevention, science and big data, and an opportunity for the digital transformation of case management.


Author(s):  
Rosamund Oates

This chapter examines the importance of preaching in godly culture, showing how sermons were popular, accessible, and affecting. This helps to explain the appeal of Puritanism. The chapter shows how sermon culture existed in different forms, exploring different listening practices and also demonstrates that printed sermons existed alongside, not instead of, the experience of attending sermons. A newly discovered sermon notebook charts Matthew’s preaching from Oxford to Durham and York, showing how he prepared and revised his sermons. Close analysis of his texts and annotations in his books, indicates how he used his library to prepare his sermons, as well as drawing on popular culture to make his sermons widely accessible and appealing.


Author(s):  
David D. Nolte

Galileo Unbound: A Path Across Life, The Universe and Everything traces the journey that brought us from Galileo’s law of free fall to today’s geneticists measuring evolutionary drift, entangled quantum particles moving among many worlds, and our lives as trajectories traversing a health space with thousands of dimensions. Remarkably, common themes persist that predict the evolution of species as readily as the orbits of planets or the collapse of stars into black holes. This book tells the history of spaces of expanding dimension and increasing abstraction and how they continue today to give new insight into the physics of complex systems. Galileo published the first modern law of motion, the Law of Fall, that was ideal and simple, laying the foundation upon which Newton built the first theory of dynamics. Early in the twentieth century, geometry became the cause of motion rather than the result when Einstein envisioned the fabric of space-time warped by mass and energy, forcing light rays to bend past the Sun. Possibly more radical was Feynman’s dilemma of quantum particles taking all paths at once—setting the stage for the modern fields of quantum field theory and quantum computing. Yet as concepts of motion have evolved, one thing has remained constant, the need to track ever more complex changes and to capture their essence, to find patterns in the chaos as we try to predict and control our world.


Author(s):  
Mirza Sangin Beg

The second part of the translation has three segments. The first is dedicated to the history of Delhi from the time of the Mahabharat to the periods of Anangpal Tomar to the Mughal Emperor Humayun as also Sher Shah, the Afghan ruler. In the second and third segments Mirza Sangin Beg adroitly navigates between twin centres of power in the city. He writes about Qila Mubarak, or the Red Fort, and gives an account of the several buildings inside it and the cost of construction of the same. He ambles into the precincts and mentions the buildings constructed by Shahjahan and other rulers, associating them with some specific inmates of the fort and the functions performed within them. When the author takes a walk in the city of Shahjahanabad, he writes of numerous residents, habitations of rich, poor, and ordinary people, their mansions and localities, general and specialized bazars, the in different skills practised areas, places of worship and revelry, processions exemplifying popular culture and local traditions, and institutions that had a resonance in other cultures. The Berlin manuscript gives generous details of the officials of the English East India Company, both native and foreign, their professions, and work spaces. Mirza Sangin Beg addresses the issue of qaum most unselfconsciously and amorphously.


2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-214
Author(s):  
Eleanor Barnett

Through Venetian Inquisition trials relating to Protestantism, witchcraft, and Judaism, this article illuminates the centrality of food and eating practices to religious identity construction. The Holy Office used food to assert its model of post-Tridentine piety and the boundaries between Catholics and the non-Catholic populations in the city. These trial records concurrently act as access points to the experiences and beliefs—to the lived religion—of ordinary people living and working in Venice from 1560 to 1640. The article therefore offers new insight into the workings and impacts of the Counter-Reformation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 000276422198976
Author(s):  
Darsana Vijay ◽  
Alex Gekker

TikTok is commonly known as a playful, silly platform where teenagers share 15-second videos of crazy stunts or act out funny snippets from popular culture. In the past few years, it has experienced exponential growth and popularity, unseating Facebook as the most downloaded app. Interestingly, recent news coverage notes the emergence of TikTok as a political actor in the Indian context. They raise concerns over the abundance of divisive content, hate speech, and the lack of platform accountability in countering these issues. In this article, we analyze how politics is performed on TikTok and how the platform’s design shapes such expressions and their circulation. What does the playful architecture of TikTok mean to the nature of its political discourse and participation? To answer this, we review existing academic work on play, media, and political participation and then examine the case of Sabarimala through the double lens of ludic engagement and platform-specific features. The efficacy of play as a productive heuristic to study political contention on social media platforms is demonstrated. Finally, we turn to ludo-literacy as a potential strategy that can reveal the structures that order playful political participation and can initiate alternative modes of playing politics.


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