The Study

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Oleson
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Differential Detection ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Prison Studies

Little is known about high-IQ criminals because they are statistically rare. Only 2 percent of the general population has an IQ score of over 130 and only one in two thousand possesses an IQ of over 150. Another reason little is known is that few are caught. The differential detection hypothesis suggests that people with high IQs are less likely to be detected, arrested, prosecuted, convicted, and incarcerated than others. Prison studies, therefore, are of limited utility, and to study elite crime, self-report is essential. There is, however, little advantage for high-IQ individuals to participate in self-report research—and potentially much to lose. High-IQ individuals often possess the means to block research inquiries. This chapter describes the methodology of the study, including ethical and legal challenges associated with adult self-report research. It describes the study’s sampling, the design of the self-report questionnaire, the rationale and logistics of the follow-up interviews, and the structure of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R).

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

2007 ◽  
pp. 360-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weaver ◽  
C. Kiewitz
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Short Form ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
The Third ◽  
Four Levels

We describe a newly developed 12-item short form version of the self-report Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) originally developed by Eysenck and Eysenck (1977) and most recently revised by Eysenck, Eysenck, and Barrett (EPQ-R; 1985). The original EPQ consists of 90 items while the EPQ-R involves 36 items. Both instruments were designed to assess three dimensions of personality – extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism. An understanding of the hierarchical model for personality envisaged by Eysenck (1947) facilitates our explication of these personality dimensions. Eysenck’s system involved four levels. At the lowest level of this system are singly occurring acts or cognitions. Habitual acts or cognitions are at the second level. The third level is composed of traits, defined in terms of significant intercorrelations between different habitual behaviors. The final level is that of personality types or dimensions defined in terms of substantial intercorrelations between traits. Against this backdrop, Eysenck (see Eysenck,1990; Eysenck & Eysenck, 1985) defined extraversion by the observed correlations between the traits sociable, lively, active, assertive, sensation-seeking, carefree, dominant, and venturesome. Neuroticism was defined by the traits anxious, depressed, guilt feelings, low self-esteem, tense, irrational, shy, moody, and emotional. Finally, psychoticism was defined by the traits aggressive, cold, egocentric, impersonal, impulsive, antisocial, unempathic, and tough-minded.

Association among Items from the Self-Report Version of the Hamilton Depression Scale (Carroll Rating Scale) and Respondents' Sex

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Camozzato ◽  
Maria Paz Hidalgo ◽  
Sônia Souza ◽  
Márcia L. F. Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Nonclinical Sample

The association among items of the self-reported version of the Hamilton Depression Scale (Carroll Rating Scale), answered according to a memory of a maximally disturbing event experienced, and respondents' sex was examined in a nonclinical sample of 320 college students, 164 women ( M age = 21.7 yr., SD = 3.6) and 156 men ( M age = 23.5 yr., SD = 5.8). An assessment of sex bias was also evaluated. Multiple regression analysis showed that statements regarding unhappiness, urge to cry, dizziness and faintness, and waking in the middle of the night were significantly associated with women. Removal of these items from the Carroll Rating Scale Total scores eliminated the sex differences in depression rates. Items that displayed significant sex bias were those regarding behavior and emotions commonly attributed to women within the general population.

Short-Term Memory for Two Meaningful Stories and Self-Report on the Adult Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59E ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Gabrys ◽  
Denis Schumph ◽  
Kent A. Utendale
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Numerical Comparison ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Male Adult

A possible relationship for four constructs of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire with the immediate recall of two verbal memory tasks is explored. Statistical treatment of data for 226 female and for 189 male adult clients involved multiple regression, principal axis factor analyses, and a numerical comparison of recalled unit memories by low, medium, and high scorers on Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and the Lie scales. Highest numbers of immediately recalled unit memories of prose were associated with low and medium Psychoticism, medium and high Extraversion, low Neuroticism for men, medium Neuroticism for women, high score on Lie for men but a low to medium score for women. The first varimax rotated factor for men's data and also for women's data suggested a close relationship between memory performance and low scores on Psychoticism, Neuroticism, and for men, a high score on Lie. The second varimax rotated factor had no association with memory performance, but identified women scoring high on Psychoticism, men and women scoring low on Extraversion, women scoring high on Neuroticism, men scoring low on Neuroticism, and women scoring low on the Lie scales. Implications for the presence of a general intelligence factor and a clinical pathology factor were discussed.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of recurrent traumatic brain injury in the general population

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (21) ◽  
pp. 2198-2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Lasry ◽  
Erin Y. Liu ◽  
Guido Antonio Powell ◽  
Jessica Ruel-Laliberté ◽  
Judith Marcoux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
General Population ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Objective:To comprehensively assess recurrent traumatic brain injury (rTBI) risk and risk factors in the general population.Methods:We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the references of included studies until January 16, 2017, for general population observational studies reporting rTBI risk or risk factors. Estimates were not meta-analyzed due to significant methodologic heterogeneity between studies, which was evaluated using meta-regression.Results:Twenty-two studies reported recurrence risk and 11 reported on 27 potential risk factors. rTBI risk was heterogeneous and varied from 0.43% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19%–0.67%) to 41.92% (95% CI 34.43%–49.40%), with varying follow-up periods (3 days–55 years). Median time to recurrence ranged from 0.5 to 3.8 years. In studies where cases were ascertained from multiple points of care, at least 5.50% (95% CI 4.80%–6.30%) of patients experienced a recurrence after a 1-year follow-up. Studies that used administrative data/self-report surveys to ascertain cases tended to report higher risk. Risk factors measured at time of index traumatic brain injury (TBI) that were significantly associated with rTBI in more than one study were male sex, prior TBI before index case, moderate or severe TBI, and alcohol intoxication. Risk factors reported in a single study that were significantly associated with rTBI were epilepsy, not seeking medical care, and multiple factors indicative of low socioeconomic status.Conclusions:rTBI is an important contributor to the general population TBI burden. Certain risk factors can help identify individuals at higher risk of these repeated injuries. However, higher quality research that improves on rTBI surveillance methodology is needed.

scholarly journals Standardization of the Persian Version of the Self-Report Personality Questionnaire (SCID-5-SPQ) in a Clinical Sample of Iranian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banafsheh Gharraee ◽  
◽  
Samira Masoumian ◽  
Somayeh Zamirinejad ◽  
Hooman Yaghmaeezadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychiatric Institute ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Persian Version ◽  
Section Type

Background and Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the Persian version of the self-report personality questionnaire (SCID-5-SPQ) in the clinical sample in Tehran. Method: The present study is descriptive cross section type. The present study population includes outpatients and inpatients referred to three centers in Tehran, including Iran Psychiatric Medical Center, Hazrat Rasool Akram Educational and Medical Complex and the Clinic of the Faculty of Behavioral Sciences andMental Health (Tehran Psychiatric Institute). .The criteria for entering the study were the ages between of 18 and 65, conscious consent to enter the study and the ability to understand and speak Persian and no specific physical problems. Sampling in this study was performed in Convenience Sampling manner. In this study, in addition to the demographic questionnaire, the Persian version of the Structured clinical interview for the DSM-5 (SCID-5) and the self-report personality questionnaire (SCID-5-SPQ) were used. Finally, in order to evaluate the information, formal and convergent validity methods, internal reliability and comparative tests were used. Results: Based on the results, the SCID-5-SPQ has a good formal narrative. A study of the convergent validity of this questionnaire with SCID interview showed that all subscales had a significant positive correlation (P≥0.001). Also, the reliability of the questionnaire was 0.93, and therefore the Persian version of this questionnaire is considered a stable tool. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, SCID-5-SPQ is a more stable tool and can be used in psychiatric clinics and hospitals as a screening tool for personality disorders alone or in addition to interviews.

Eysenck's Theory of Criminality: A Scale of Criminal Propensity as a Measure of Antisocial Behavior

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Saklofske ◽  
D. W. McKerracher ◽  
S. B. G. Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Criminal Propensity ◽  
Delinquent Boys ◽  
Propensity Scale

The criminal propensity scale from the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was administered to five groups of adolescent boys. School boys were classified into four groups of 20 each by staff ratings and a self-report questionnaire of antisocial behavior. The fifth group of 20 was comprised of delinquent boys in detention. Well behaved boys, low in antisocial behavior, obtained significantly lower scores than all other groups. The highest scores were earned by delinquent boys and badly behaved school boys, high in antisocial behavior.

scholarly journals Genetic and Phenotypic Stability of Measures of Neuroticism Over 22 Years

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi R. Wray ◽  
Andrew J. Birley ◽  
Patrick F. Sullivan ◽  
Peter M. Visscher ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Phenotypic Stability ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Single Measure

AbstractPeople meeting diagnostic criteria for anxiety or depressive disorders tend to score high on the personality scale of neuroticism. Studying this dimension of personality can therefore give insights into the etiology of important psychiatric disorders. Neuroticism can be assessed easily via self-report questionnaires in large population samples. We have examined the genetic and phenotypic stability of neuroticism, measured up to 4 times over 22 years, on different scales, on a data set of 4999 families with over 20,000 individuals completing at least 1 neuroticism questionnaire. The neuroticism scales used were the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire revised (EPQ-R), the EPQ-R shortened form, and the NEO 5 factor inventory personality questionnaire. The estimates of heritability of the individual measures ranged from .26 ± .04 to .36 ± .03. Genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations averaged .91, .42, and .57 respectively. Despite the range in heritabilities, a more parsimonious ‘repeatability model’ of equal additive genetic variances and genetic correlations of unity could not be rejected. Use of multiple measures increases the effective heritability from .33 for a single measure to .43 for mean score because of the reduction in the estimate of the environmental variance, and this will increase power in genetic linkage or association studies of neuroticism.

Personality Attributes of Children with Conduct Disorders: The Discriminant Power of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Gabrys ◽  
Kay Peters ◽  
Grace Robertson ◽  
Kent A. Utendale ◽  
Denis Schumph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Conduct Disordered ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Verbal Violence ◽  
Discriminant Power

Referring agencies' anecdotal reports on 684 youngsters were scrutinized for information on (1) physical/verbal violence, (2) violation of property rights, (3) investigation of police or courts, or suspensions from school, and (4) referral to a social/legal agency for follow-up care. Some 330 children with a mean age of 11.14 yr. ( SD = 2.21) met all four criteria and formed the conduct disordered group. The control group was formed by default and comprised 354 children whose mean age was 10.2 yr. ( SD = 2.03). All youngsters were given the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire which was scored for Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Lie. Group mean scores for conduct disordered children, when compared with controls, were significantly higher on Psychoticism and Neuroticism, somewhat higher on Extraversion but significantly lower on the Lie scale. An item-by-item comparison of both groups provided a list of characteristics claimed by conduct disordered children but not by control youngsters. It was concluded that the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire identified children in need of outpatient services.

scholarly journals The self-report version and digital format of the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS) for Long Covid or Post-COVID syndrome assessment and monitoring

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Sivan ◽  
◽  
Stephen Halpin ◽  
Jeremy Gees ◽  
Sophie Makower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Disability ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Patient Assessment ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

The C19-YRS was the first scale reported in the literature for patient assessment and monitoring in Long Covid or Post-COVID syndrome. The scale has demonstrated content validity in a previous COVID-19 follow-up study. The growing number of patients with Post-COVID syndrome required the development of a self-report version (and a digital format) so that the scale can be completed by patients themselves. Individuals with Long Covid and clinicians providing care were involved in iterative changes to the scale. The self-report version of the scale captures symptom severity, functional disability and global health status. The C19-YRS digital format comprises a smartphone application for the patient and a web portal for the clinician to assess, triage and monitor patients remotely. The items have been shown to span all the components of the WHO ICF Framework for health condition.

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