Access Chokepoints

Chokepoints ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Tusikov
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Domain Name ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Internet Firms ◽  
Online Pharmacies ◽  
Binding Agreement ◽  
The U.S

This chapter explains how the transnational regime uses search engines (especially Google) and domain name registrars (specifically GoDaddy) to throttle access to infringing sites. It traces efforts by the U.S. and U.K. governments, along with rights holders, to pressure Google and GoDaddy into adopting the non-binding agreements. It then presents two case studies. The first discusses search engines’ regulation of search results linking to infringing sites and a non-binding agreement struck among search engines (Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft) at the behest of the U.K. government. The second case study examines GoDaddy’s efforts to disable so-called illegal online pharmacies that operate in violation of U.S. federal and state laws. The chapter concludes that Internet firms’ practice of using chokepoints to dissuade access to targeted websites is highly problematic as legitimate websites are mistakenly targeted and sanctioned. Automated enforcement programs exacerbate this problem as they significantly increase the scale and speed of rights holders’ enforcement efforts without a corresponding increase in oversight.

Website removal from search engines due to copyright violation

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Strzelecki
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Domain Name ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Copyright Violation

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify how many removal requests are made, how often, and who makes these requests, as well as which websites are reported to search engines so they can be removed from the search results. Design/methodology/approach Undertakes a deep analysis of more than 3.2bn removed pages from Google’s search results requested by reporting organizations from 2011 to 2018 and over 460m removed pages from Bing’s search results requested by reporting organizations from 2015 to 2017. The paper focuses on pages that belong to the .pl country coded top-level domain (ccTLD). Findings Although the number of requests to remove data from search results has been growing year on year, fewer URLs have been reported in recent years. Some of the requests are, however, unjustified and are rejected by teams representing the search engines. In terms of reporting copyright violations, one company in particular stands out (AudioLock.Net), accounting for 28.1 percent of all reports sent to Google (the top ten companies combined were responsible for 61.3 percent of the total number of reports). Research limitations/implications As not every request can be published, the study is based only what is publicly available. Also, the data assigned to Poland is only based on the ccTLD domain name (.pl); other domain extensions for Polish internet users were not considered. Originality/value This is first global analysis of data from transparency reports published by search engine companies as prior research has been based on specific notices.

Visual comparison of search results: A censorship case study

First Monday ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Meiss ◽  
Filippo Menczer
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Visual Comparison

Understanding the qualitative differences between the sets of results from different search engines can be a difficult task. How many links must you follow from each list before you can reach a conclusion? We describe a user interface that allows users to quickly identify the most significant differences in content between two lists of Web pages. We have implemented this interface in CenSEARCHip, a system for comparing the effects of censorship policies on search engines.

scholarly journals "DNS SEHAT" Implementation on Automatic Replicated Recursive Domain Name System on PT. X

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilham Verardi Pradana
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Domain Name System ◽  
Domain Name ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Search Result ◽  
Google Search

Thanks to the existence of Search engines, all of informations and datas could be easily found in the internet, one of the search engine that users use the most is Google. Google still be the most popular search engine to provide any informations available on the internet. The search result that Google provide, doesn't always give the result we wanted. Google just displayed the results based on the keyword we type. So sometimes, they show us the negative contents on the internet, such as pornography, pornsites, and many more that seems to be related to the keyword, whether the title or the other that makes the result going that way. In this paper, we will implement the "DNS SEHAT" to pass along client's request queries so the Google search engine on the client's side will provide more relevant search results without any negative contents.

Public-private partnerships and collaboration in digital health: a scoping review and case study analysis of applications during the COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishali Kirit Patel ◽  
Elinor Wahal ◽  
Adriana Mancilla Galindo ◽  
Alejandra Rodarte ◽  
Tim Jesudason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Stage Process

BACKGROUND The emergence of digital technologies over the past decade has presented a novel opportunity to address healthcare challenges associated with COVID-19 and accelerate progress towards achieving the health-related goals under the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) have played a vital role in scaling up digital health solutions and disseminating curated scientific information in the face of the infodemic. However, several challenges remain around the effectiveness of PPP-related digital solutions and antagonistic viewpoints of engaging the private sector. We sought to evaluate the role of public-private partnerships in the digital public health space during COVID-19 and identify key lessons learned and challenges in the uptake of digital health solutions globally. OBJECTIVE Electronic and grey literature search results from PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar were screened by one reviewer through a two-stage process. We included all relevant systematic reviews, interventional, observational, and descriptive studies published in English published from January 2020 to June 2021. Two case study analyses on digital health chatbots, informed by expert opinion, were also performed to assess for the role of public-private partnerships in advancing digital public health solutions. METHODS Electronic and grey literature search results from PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar were screened by one reviewer through a two-stage process. We included all relevant systematic reviews, interventional, observational, and descriptive studies published in English published from January 2020 to June 2021. Two case study analyses on digital health chatbots, informed by expert opinion, were also performed to assess for the role of public-private partnerships in advancing digital public health solutions. RESULTS Forty-five articles met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis, the majority of which were secondary research. Results of the publications can be broadly categorized into three groups: (1) models and definitions of public-private partnerships used in the healthcare space; (2) purposes of and motivations of public-private partnerships in global public health; and (3) and facilitators, barriers, and challenges to date. CONCLUSIONS The literature review as well as the case studies analysis reveal that PPPs can represent a valid option for tackling global healthcare issues with a digital health approach. Further research is needed to complement the initial findings of the present paper, as well as to assess a wider pool of case studies and the different features that they might present.

CURRENT RESEARCH UPDATES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF HYPOTHYROIDISM BY AYURVEDA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Satyajit Pandurang Kulkarni ◽  
Pallavi Satyajit Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Ayurvedic Drugs ◽  
Supplementary Medication

Hypothyroidism is one of the challenging disorders and the burden of this disorder has been growing. The prevalence of the hypothyroidism is 11% in India. This is alarming situation, and it has made many researchers to find solutions in Ayurveda. There are many research articles published on the diagnosis & management of Hypothyroidism as per Ayurveda. It was needed to update the Ayurvedic drugs, procedures proved efficacious in the management of hypothyroidism. Therefore, we made a literature search using certain keywords in various search engines. Total 12 research articles, case studies/series were included. They were summarized, analyzed for search results, and concluded that most of the studies on Hypothyroidism had too low sample size. Secondly, there should be multicentric clinical trials of Ayurvedic drugs. It is also needed that; the research should be done on, if the Ayurvedic medicines to surpass the research on modern medicines for hypothyroidism or can be prescribed as supplementary medication.

Secret Handshake Deals

Chokepoints ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Tusikov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Domain Name ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Search Advertising ◽  
Internet Firms ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
The Many ◽  
Industry Associations ◽  
The U.S

This chapter sets the scene for the rest of the book by describing the emergence of non-legally binding enforcement agreements among large Internet firms through a series of closed-door meetings. It introduces the key actors: mostly U.S.-based Internet firms, multinational rights holders, influential industry associations, and policymakers and politicians from the U.S., U.K., and European Commission. Together these actors form a private transnational regime with the goal of suppressing the trafficking of counterfeit goods on the Internet. To provide context, the chapter explains the importance of regulating intellectual property rights to rights holders and governments, as well as the many challenges involved in identifying and policing the distribution of counterfeit goods. The chapter introduces the concept of ‘macro-intermediaries’ (which are globally operating, powerful Internet firms) and explains how these major Internet firms regulate through technology (termed ‘techno-regulation’) to remove content from and disable websites selling counterfeit goods. It describes the focus on five types of Internet sectors (search, advertising, payment, domain name, and marketplace). Companies providing these services can enact different types of regulatory ‘chokepoints’ to target the distribution of counterfeit goods.

A Systematic Literature Review Of Web Search Personalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny Sharma ◽  
Vijay Rana
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Web

: The Existing studies have already revealed that the information on the web is increasing rapidly. Ambiguous queries and user’s ability to express their intention through queries have been one of the key challenges in retrieving the accurate search results from the search engine. This paper in response explored different methodologies proposed during 2005-2019 by the eminent researchers for recommending better search results. Some of these methodologies are based on the users’ geographical location while others rely on re- rank the web results and refinement of user’s query. Fellow researchers can use this literature, to define the fundamental literature for their own work. Further a brief case study of major search engines like Google, Yahoo, Bing etc. along with the techniques used by these search engines for personalization are also discussed. Finally, the paper discusses some current issues and challenges related to the personalization which further lays the future research directions.

Querying the Internet as a mnemonic practice: how search engines mediate four types of past events in Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Zavadski ◽  
Florian Toepfl
Keyword(s):  
Search Engines ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Search Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internet Searching ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
Dominant Narratives

In the digital memories literature, the practice of searching for information – one of the most frequent online activities worldwide – has received comparatively little attention. To fill the gap, this exploratory study asks how search engines affect the representations of the past that they produce in query results. Designed as a single revelatory case study, with a focus on Russia, this article delineates a typology of four types of memory events based on four types of websites dominating search results. For each type of event, we discuss recurring locations and mechanisms of power struggles over competing memory narratives. We conclude that within Russia’s authoritarian context, the mnemonic practice of Internet searching tends to reproduce and reinforce the dominant narratives supported by the ruling elites. Search engine companies are thus only one of several powerful institutions that constitute the social framework within which querying the Internet is pursued as a mnemonic practice. Others include mass media, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and online encyclopaedias.

YouFlow Microblog

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Krejci ◽  
Sean Wolfgand Matsui Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Tree Structure ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Search Results ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – To present YouFlow Microblog and how its functionalities for discourse structuring and message classification allows improving learning. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The authors developed a survey on microblogs and its functionalities for supporting education, and then the authors developed a new microblog called YouFlow Microblog, which was used in a case study to illustrate its applicability. Findings – The results were: the categorization of messages according to the lesson plan allowed deeper discussions; the amount of messages and preference of the students for the categorization approach are directly related; the filtering of messages (categorization on the reading time) was used as a facilitator of the discussion understanding; the students prefer the search results organized by the categories and related messages; and the students were able to follow the discussions supported by the tree structure of discourse, categorization of messages according to the lesson plan and searches or filtering of messages. Research limitations/implications – Other case studies involving more students and from different knowledge areas could be performed. Other approaches for messages' visualization for reducing the amount of information could be explored, such as recommendation of messages in microblogs; and groupings of messages according to date, priority and subject. Practical implications – The developed microblog is useful and proved to be interesting for applying in the educational context. Originality/value – No other microblog allows different structuring of messages and the their classification according to the lesson plan, in addition to filtering and query functionalities.

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