Children of Immigrants in the United States

2018 ◽  
pp. 308-324
Author(s):  
Mary C. Waters
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Children Of Immigrants ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Intact Families

This chapter reviews what is known about how the children of immigrants to the United States are integrating. Overall the second generation is integrating with natives, showing a great deal of progress compared to their parents levels in socioeconomic attainment. In other areas such as crime, health and family type, the children of immigrants are also converging with native born Americans, but in these three areas this makes them worse off because first generation immigrants have lower crime rates, better health and more intact families than native born Americans. While the children of immigrants suffer from racial discrimination and rising income inequality which also affects the native born, there is one area in which they face a specific barrier to their integration and well-being—legal status. Undocumented children and the citizen children of the undocumented show more psychological distress, lower educational attainment and other negative consequences stemming from their parents legal status. Universal policy solutions that address racial discrimination and income inequality are recommended. In addition, an appeal to human rights and to American shared moral values are suggested as a way forward to improve conditions for undocumented immigrants and their families and to reach a lasting solution to America’s immigration impasse.

Consular Protection and Solidarity across Borders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Délano Alonso
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Mexican Government ◽  
Working Together

This chapter demonstrates how Latin American governments with large populations of migrants with precarious legal status in the United States are working together to promote policies focusing on their well-being and integration. It identifies the context in which these processes of policy diffusion and collaboration have taken place as well as their limitations. Notwithstanding the differences in capacities and motivations based on the domestic political and economic contexts, there is a convergence of practices and policies of diaspora engagement among Latin American countries driven by the common challenges faced by their migrant populations in the United States and by the Latino population more generally. These policies, framed as an issue of rights protection and the promotion of migrants’ well-being, are presented as a form of regional solidarity and unity, and are also mobilized by the Mexican government as a political instrument serving its foreign policy goals.

scholarly journals Stand against anti-Asian racial discrimination during COVID-19: A call for action

2020 ◽  
pp. 002087282097061
Author(s):  
Qin Gao ◽  
Xiaofang Liu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Negative Impacts

Racial discrimination against people of Chinese and other Asian ethnicities has risen sharply in number and severity globally amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This rise has been especially rapid and severe in the United States, fueled by xenophobic political rhetoric and racist language on social media. It has endangered the lives of many Asian Americans and is likely to have long-term negative impacts on the economic, social, physical, and psychological well-being of Asian Americans. This essay reviews the prevalence and consequences of anti-Asian racial discrimination during COVID-19 and calls for actions in practice, policy, and research to stand against it.

scholarly journals Health Insurance and Income Inequality

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kaestner ◽  
Darren Lubotsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Cost Of Health Care ◽  
Government Benefits ◽  
Economic Well Being

Health insurance and other in-kind forms of compensation and government benefits are typically not included in measures of income and analyses of inequality. This omission is important. Given the large and growing cost of health care in the United States and the presence of large government health insurance programs such as Medicaid and Medicare, it is crucial to understand how health insurance and related public policies contribute to measured economic well-being and inequality. Our paper assesses the effect on inequality of the primary government programs that affect health insurance.

scholarly journals The Unsustainable State: Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Inequality, and Human Well-Being in the United States, 1913 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110205
Author(s):  
Orla Kelly ◽  
Ryan P. Thombs ◽  
Andrew Jorgenson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Negative Effect

A central premise of development strategies is that nations use natural resources, such as fossil fuels, to raise population living standards and enhance well-being. However, research shows that the relationship among human well-being, resource use, and the associated emissions is complex and context specific. To better understand if natural resource use plays a historic role in generating human well-being in the United States, the authors conduct a time-series analysis of greenhouse gas emissions and average life expectancy from 1913 to 2017. The results show that increases in greenhouse gas emissions per capita have an instantaneous, negative effect on life expectancy. The authors also find evidence that income inequality has a long-run negative effect on life expectancy. Additional analyses provide mixed results regarding whether and how the effects of emissions on life expectancy are conditional on income inequality. These findings contradict the assumption that reductions in emissions necessitate trade-offs in human well-being in high-income contexts.

“IT'S A LOT OF WORK”

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna A. Viruell-Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Mexican American Women ◽  
Mexican Immigrant Women

AbstractExplanations for immigrant and Latino health outcomes often invoke culture through the use of the concept of acculturation. The use of acculturation models in health research has been, however, the topic of growing debate. Critics of acculturation-based explanations point out that despite the growing psychometric sophistication in measuring acculturation, the concept and its underlying assumptions remain flawed. Specifically, questions regarding how Mexicans experience and make sense of the ethnoracial structure of the United States and how racialization processes impact health and well-being remain largely ignored within acculturation-based models. By examining the processes Mexican women engage in as they construct ethnic identities within a stigmatizing social environment in the United States, this paper contributes answers to these questions. Based on a qualitative analysis of forty in-depth interviews conducted with first-generation Mexican immigrant women and second-generation Mexican American women in Detroit, this paper describes how Mexican women work through the tensions and complexities embedded in the process of constructing a sense of ethnic belonging while, at the same time, confronting and resisting racial stereotypes of Mexicans in the United States. Women's narratives suggest that the stress involved in negotiating ethnic identities under stigmatizing environments might be one of the ways in which living in a racialized society affects health outcomes. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for Latino and immigrant health.

Time-varying associations of racial discrimination and adjustment among Chinese-heritage adolescents in the United States and Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1661-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda P. Juang ◽  
Yishan Shen ◽  
Catherine L. Costigan ◽  
Yang Hou
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Age Related ◽  
First And Second Generation

AbstractThe aim of our study was twofold: to examine (a) whether the link between racial discrimination and adjustment showed age-related changes across early to late adolescence for Chinese-heritage youth and (b) whether the age-related associations of the discrimination–adjustment link differed by gender, nativity, and geographical region. We pooled two independently collected longitudinal data sets in the United States and Canada (N = 498, ages 12–19 at Wave 1) and used time-varying effect modeling to show that discrimination is consistently associated with poorer adjustment across all ages. These associations were stronger at certain ages, but for males and females, first- and second-generation adolescents, and US and Canadian adolescents they differed. There were stronger relations between discrimination and adjustment in early adolescence for males compared to females, in middle adolescence for first-generation compared to second-generation adolescents, and in early adolescence for US adolescents compared to Canadian adolescents. In general, negative implications for adjustment associated with discrimination diminished across the span of adolescence for females, second-generation, and US and Canadian adolescents, but not for males or first-generation adolescents. The results show that the discrimination–adjustment link must be considered with regard to age, gender, nativity, and region, and that attention to discrimination in early adolescence may be especially important.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effect of Discrimination-related Experience, Worry and Social Media Exposure on Depression Among Asians in the U.S. During COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuya Pan ◽  
Chia-Chen Yang ◽  
Jiun-Yi Tsai ◽  
Chenyu Dong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Asian People ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The outbreak of COVID-19 has spurred increasing anti-Asian racism and xenophobia in the United States, which can compromise the psychological well-being among Asian people. The impact of racial discrimination fueled by a global pandemic on the well-being remains unclear. This study is a novel attempt to empirically examine how racial discrimination during COVID-19 would be associated with depression among Asians in the United States. OBJECTIVE We investigated three discrimination-related variables, including experience of discrimination, worry about discrimination, and social media exposure to racism-related information during COVID-19, and aimed to examine how three variables were related to depression among Asians in the United States. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. A total of 222 people (Mage = 33.53, SD = 11.35; 46.40% female) who identified themselves as Asian or Asian American and resided in the United States completed the questionnaire. RESULTS Our study showed that only experience of discrimination was significantly associated with depression among US Asians (β=.29, P =.002), whereas worry about discrimination ((β=.13, P=.128) and social media exposure to racism-related information ((β=.09, P=.209) were not. Meanwhile, our study also suggested that those who were younger (β=-.17, P=.021), not married (β=-.15, P=.046), infected by COVID-19 (β=.23, P=.001) and whose income were affected because of the pandemic (β=.13, P=.046) were more vulnerable to depression. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides preliminary evidence about the impact of racial discrimination during COVID-19 on mental health among Asian people. Based on our findings, future research could advance the understanding of incident-induced discrimination in relation to the well-being by identifying moderators that may buffer or exacerbate the influence of such racial discrimination. Practically, developing effective and tailored interventions to address different demographic groups’ needs in a timely fashion is much-need to help Asians cope with racial discrimination during an unprecedented global health crisis.

Dialectical Thinking and Psychological Well-Being in Morocco, China, and the United States

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassidy Bibo ◽  
Julie Spencer-Rodgers ◽  
Benaissa Zarhbouch ◽  
Mostafa Bouanini ◽  
Kaiping Peng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dialectical Thinking ◽  
Psychological Well Being

More than victims: Resiliency of undocumented Latinas near Chicago, United States, and the strategic use of psychological suffering in obtaining legal status

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
Stephanie Jean Kohl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Psychological Suffering ◽  
Visa Application ◽  
Biological Citizenship

Caught between abusive partners and restrictive immigration law, many undocumented Latina women are vulnerable to domestic violence in the United States. This article analyzes the U-Visa application process experienced by undocumented immigrant victims of domestic violence and their legal advisors in a suburb of Chicago, United States. Drawing on theoretical concepts of structural violence and biological citizenship, the article highlights the strategic use of psychological suffering related to domestic violence by applicants for such visas. It also investigates the complex intersection between immigration law and a humanitarian clause that creates a path towards legal status and eventual citizenship.

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