scholarly journals Ethnic Conversions: Family, Community, Women, and Kinwork

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Line Theory ◽  
1960S And 1970S

According to the straight-line theory of assimilation, ethnic groups by the third or fourth generation should be entirely assimilated into mainstream society and should identify themselves as “Americans.” Yet there has been a resurgence of ethnicity among white ethnics in the United States that has led to a renewed interest in particular ethnic groups and their cultures. Third- and fourth-generation European Americans claim an ethnic identity even though their ties to their ancestral homeland may be tenuous. Lithuanian Americans in Kansas City, Kansas, in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s would seem to provide support for the straight-line theory of assimilation, yet since the 1980s they have reconstituted themselves through the Lithuanians of America organization and are experiencing a renewal of their ethnic identity. The Lithuanian American community in Seattle, Washington, also experienced ebbs and flows in the activism and unity of its members. The community was active at the turn of the twentieth century, next revitalized by Lithuanian emigres following World War II, and then became active again in the late 1970s after a decade of inaction. Members of the two groups were given questionnaires in the early 1990s to address the ethnic identity fluctuations as well as the role of non-ethnics in the organizations. One of the more exciting findings from the surveys and from participant observation was the extensive role of “ethnic converts” in the Kansas City organization, and their lesser (but still significant) role in the Seattle Lithuanian-American community.

“It was a jet. It was a jet. It was a jet.”

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Jessica DuLong
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Staten Island ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure ◽  
Maritime Community ◽  
The U.S

This chapter provides a background of the waterborne evacuation that happened after the events of 9/11. New York harbor was, and is, a busy place — the third largest container port in the United States and a vital connection between New York City and the rest of the world. Manhattan is an island, and the realities of island real estate are what ushered the port's industries off Manhattan's shores and over to Brooklyn, Staten Island, and New Jersey in the 1960s and 1970s. By late 2001, maritime infrastructure had been replaced with ornamental fencing. On September 11, 2001, as the cascade of catastrophe unfolded, people found their fates altered by the absence of that infrastructure and discovered themselves dependent upon the creative problem solving of New York harbor's maritime community — waterfront workers who had been thrust beyond their usual occupations and into the role of first responders. Long before the U.S. Coast Guard's call for “all available boats” crackled out over marine radios, scores of ferries, tugs, dinner boats, sailing yachts, and other vessels had begun converging along Manhattan's shores. Hundreds of mariners shared their skills and equipment to conduct a massive, unplanned rescue. Within hours, nearly half a million people had been delivered from Manhattan by boat.

Ethnic Identity: The Domain of Perceptions of and Attachment to Ethnic Groups and Cultures

1992 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Ethnic Group Membership

This article integrates empirical findings from research in two cultural groups in the United States: Chicanos and Appalachians. Factor analysis of survey data concerning ethnicity gathered in the two groups produced similar factor patterns indicating three general dimensions of ethnicity: ethnic culture, ethnic group membership, and ethnic identity. Ethnic culture is the component of ethnicity that refers to the pattern of behaviors and beliefs that sets a group apart from others. Ethnic group membership refers to the network of people with whom an individual is in contact, and the ethnic affiliation of those people and the groups they form. Ethnic identity encompasses the perceptions of and personal affiliation with ethnic groups and cultures. Specifically, ethnic identity consists of: the perception of differences among ethnic groups; the feelings of attachment to and pride in one ethnic group and cultural heritage as opposed to others; and, at least where there are perceived physical differences between groups, the perception of prejudice and discrimination against one's own ethnic group. The dimension of ethnic identity is illustrated in depth with case study data collected during the Chicano research.

scholarly journals MENTAL HEALTH AMBULATORY: WEAKNESSES POINTED OUT BY PROFESSIONALS

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelle Paiano ◽  
Mariluci Alves Maftum ◽  
Maria do Carmo Lourenço Haddad ◽  
Sonia Silva Marcon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Health Network ◽  
Healthcare Network ◽  
Fourth Generation Evaluation

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify the weaknesses of the mental health ambulatory service from the professionals' perspective. This was a qualitative study, developed by the Fourth Generation Evaluation method. Data were collected during February and March 2013 with the use of non-participant observation, individual opened interviews and group technique for the negotiation session. The informants were 12 working professionals at the ambulatory. The results pointed out weaknesses in the organizational structure of the healthcare network in mental health, especially regarding accessibility, physical structure and the presence of extensive waiting list for care. Regarding human resources, issues included: ignorance of the operation of the mental health network and of the activities performed, medical turnover, deficiency in training and continuous education and professional devaluation. It is necessary to reflect on the real role of ambulatories within the mental health network and its effectiveness in providing care.

scholarly journals Identities at the Borders of Balochistan: An Ethnolinguistic Study of Saraiki Speaking Baloch Tribes

2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Mehwish Malghani ◽  
Fouzia Rehman Khan ◽  
Shumaila Mazher
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Huge Variety

Balochistan shares a border with Punjab and Sindh, which makes Balochistan a linguistically diverse province. Within ethnic groups residing in Balochistan, there is a huge variety of languages spoken. This scenario raises the question of the ethno-linguistic identity of people residing at the borders of Balochistan. The present study focuses on the ethnic and linguistic identity of Baloch tribes that speak Saraiki and reside at the Balochistan Punjab border and Balochistan Sindh border. The study explores the role of language in the identity formation of Saraiki speaking Baloch tribes. The data is collected through Semi-Structured interviews of 10 Saraiki speaking Baloch. The findings revealed that the replacement of Balochi language with Saraiki language has little or no influence on their ethnic identity as Baloch. However, there are few factors such as gender, level of education, knowledge of history and the passage of time that contribute to the acceptability of Saraiki speaking as Baloch

scholarly journals «Восславим землю Акпарса»: легендарный князь в современном фольклоре и этнорегиональной идентичности горных марийцев

2021 ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
Герман Юрьевич Устьянцев
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Administrative Region ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Scientific Discourses ◽  
The Hill

На основе полевых материалов автор исследует репрезентацию этнорегиональной идентичности горных марийцев в моделях освоения, трансляции и интерпретации фольклорной традиции, связанной с образом легендарного правителя Акпарса. Соотношение имени и функций сотенного князя рассмотрены в текстах несказочной прозы (легендах, преданиях), интервью, медийном и научном дискурсах, коммеморативных практиках современных горных марийцев. Автор выделяет две интерпретативные модели описания Акпарса в различных дискурсах: историко-реалистическую и мифологическую. Образ Акпарса выступает в качестве инструмента формирования этнорегиональной идентичности и одновременно ее символа. Бытование фольклорного персонажа демонстрирует связь между принадлежностью респондентов к отдельной этнической группе марийцев, административному региону их проживания и акцентуализацией «своего» специфического фольклора. Автор также рассматривает этносимволическую роль указанного персонажа в утверждении дихотомии «свой–чужой» в контексте аутентичности народной традиции: Акпарс выступает в качестве маркера горномарийской культуры как для самих горных марийцев, так и для соседних групп иноэтничного населения. On the basis of ethnographic data, the author examines the representation of the ethno-regional identity of the Hill Mari people in the development, translation and interpretation of the folklore tradition concerning the legendary ruler Akpars. The correlation of the ruler’s name and functions is analyzed in the texts of non-fairy prose (legends), interviews, media and scientific discourses, and commemoral practices of the modern Hill Mari people. The author identifies two interpretative models of describing Akpars in different discourses: the historical-realistic and the mythological ones. The image of Akpars acts as a tool for the formation of ethnic identity and at the same time as its symbol. The existence of the folk character demonstrates an association between respondents’ belonging to a particular ethnic group of Mari people, their administrative region, and the accentuation of their “specific” folklore. The author also considers the ethnosymbolic role of this image in the strengthening the “we–they” dichotomy in the context of the folk authenticity: the character Akpars acts as a marker of the Hill Mari culture both for the Hill Maris themselves and for neighboring ethnic groups.

The Formation of Ethnic and National Identities

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liah Greenfeld ◽  
Nicolas Prevelakis
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Ethnic Nationalism ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types

Nationalism is the worldview of the modern world. It is based on three fundamental principles: it is secular; it sees the members of the community defined as a nation as fundamentally equal; and it presupposes popular sovereignty. Modern ethnicity, that is, ethnic identity, is the result of ethnic nationalism. One can classify nationalisms into three major types: the individualistic-civic type, as seen in England, the United States, and a few other countries, though it remains a minority in the world; the collectivistic-civic type—also a minority; and finally, the collectivistic-ethnic type, which is found in most of the nations in the world. This third and last type is what is usually referred to as “ethnic identity” in the modern world. These types of nationalism seldom exist in their ideal form. Typically, one will find a combination of elements from different types. Their relative importance may vary from one period to another, or within the same period and among different social strata. The case of Greek nationalism illustrates this point. It also represents a clear example of the causal role of nationalism in shaping ethnic identity. The seeds of ethnicity emerged in the first decades of the Greek state, though it was only in the middle of the nineteenth century that Greek nationalism took its definite ethnic form. This evolution can be seen in two areas: the emergence of Greek irredentism, and the construction of Greek historiography.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Paul J. Magnarella
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Black Panther Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Strife ◽  
The Social ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City

The introduction establishes the setting for Pete O’Neal’s life in the United States. It describes the social turbulence of the 1960s and 1970s, including that period’s civil strife, racial discrimination, national and urban unrest, and black power movements. It discusses the formation and ideologies of the Black Panther Party and the strained relations between the police and black citizens, as well as the racially uneven employment picture in Kansas City, Missouri, the city of Pete O’Neal’s formative years.

Morning Sir!

Matatu ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-224
Author(s):  
Akinmade Timothy Akande
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Rich Domain ◽  
Local Languages

Nigerian military army barracks are a rich domain in which soldiers and officers display different strands of their identity. A typical army barracks in Nigeria often accommodates many ethnic groups owing to the federal policy governing the recruitment of both soldiers and officers. Thus, it is common in the barracks for military men to be aware of their ethnic, linguistic, religious, and regional affiliations and to relate to one another based on these various affiliations. It is against this backdrop that the present study seeks to investigate how soldiers and officers make use of linguistic resources available to them to convey religious, occupational, ethnic, and linguistic identity in the barracks. Data for the study were collected from 46 military men, soldiers and officers, in four military barracks. The locationss are Akure, Enugu, Saki, and Zaria Barracks. The instruments used in gathering the data were questionnaire, face-to-face interviews, and participant observation. The study revealed that both soldiers and officers represent their occupational identity through the specific use of certain lexical items and slang, while their ethnic identity is signified through the use of ethnic and other local languages. Their personal names were also observed to be symptomatic of their religious identity.

scholarly journals THEORIES OF ETHNICITY, NATIONALITY, AND ETHNIC IDENTITY

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
D.S. Kaliyev ◽  
◽  
A. Ventsel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Constructive Theory ◽  
Constructivist Approaches ◽  
Over Time

Ethnicity, nationality, and ethnic identity remain to be unresolved issues that need to be addressed. It is thus important to compare different approaches to understand the nature of ethnic phenomena and to identify appropriate techniques to understand the essence of «nation-building» concept. First, the article discusses the concepts of nation, ethnicity, changes in ethnic identity where the concepts of ethnos and nation are further explained. Second, the nature, dynamics and factors of the processes of ethnic identity are analyzed. Third, the author seeks answers to questions of why some ethnic identities change, while others remain unchanged. Fourth, ethnicity in conflict, the role of «belonging to a certain ethnic group» is considered. Finally, past and present debates of the primordialist and constructivist approaches to nation-building are described. The main methodology of the article is a comparative analysis of the theoretical literature of foreign and domestic research through the lenses of primordialism and constructivism. The paper argues that there is no reason for all ethnic groups to reach the level of a nation, that constructive theory has advantages at the highest level of integration between nations and ethnic groups in the 21st century, and that ethnic identity is adaptable and changeable over time. The results of this work contribute to further studies and scientific works related to the nation-building in Kazakhstan.

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