Urban Planning and Municipal Governance in a Period of Rapid Change:

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-325
Author(s):  
Makary Górzyński
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Politics ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Municipal Governance ◽  
New Infrastructure

Rapid industrial growth in the early twentieth century, linked to the construction of railways, transformed Kalisz, located on the western edge of Russian Poland. In Urban Planning and Municipal Governance in a Period of Rapid Change: A Frontier Town in Russian Poland at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, Makary Górzyński examines how Kalisz's projects for new infrastructure and public services were thwarted by Russian Poland's inefficient municipal governance system. Górzyński describes the emergence of modern urban planning discussions among the elites of Kalisz, who debated the political, legal, and social dimensions of industrial urbanization in Russian Poland. This emerging discourse ascribed the industrial city's suburbanization and ad hoc architecture to the conflictual social conditions in which Polish, Jewish, German, and Russian communities coexisted and competed. Urban planning initiatives and new theories of town management and construction developed from the urban politics of this multiethnic Polish city under Russian rule.

Richard Wright and the Black Metropolis: From the Great Migration to the Urban Planning Novel

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-680
Author(s):  
Bo McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Great Migration ◽  
Paul Laurence Dunbar ◽  
Native Son ◽  
Black Metropolis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Great Migration

Abstract Early twentieth-century Black literature on the city from the likes of Paul Laurence Dunbar, James Weldon Johnson, and Nella Larsen pondered questions of what it meant to be Black and urbane and also how to reformulate Black identity from a new position removed from the violent history of the South. While hints of criticism toward northern segregation appeared in those early works, Richard Wright’s Native Son (1940) offered the first intensive prognostication and condemnation of the ad hoc, discriminatory, and de facto system of segregation appearing in cities like Chicago in response to the Great Migration and used Wright’s informal study of sociology with the Chicago school to animate its project. Native Son, for all of its flaws, first considered how narrative can help explain and unspool the “neutral and egalitarian” guise behind the truly discriminatory urban planning-related practices and policies—from real estate to neighborhood covenants to zoning—that grew up with the start of the twentieth century and that continue to impact American cities through today.

Collective Memory: Between Values and Historical Knowledge

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-142
Author(s):  
VICTOR BURLACHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

At the end of the twentieth century, questions of a secondary nature suddenly became topical: what do we remember and who owns the memory? Memory as one of the mental characteristics of an individual’s activity is complemented by the concept of collective memory, which requires a different method of analysis than the activity of a separate individual. In the 1970s, a situation arose that gave rise to the so-called "historical politics" or "memory politics." If philosophical studies of memory problems of the 30’s and 40’s of the twentieth century were focused mainly on the peculiarities of perception of the past in the individual and collective consciousness and did not go beyond scientific discussions, then half a century later the situation has changed dramatically. The problem of memory has found its political sound: historians and sociologists, politicians and representatives of the media have entered the discourse on memory. Modern society, including all social, ethnic and family groups, has undergone a profound change in the traditional attitude towards the past, which has been associated with changes in the structure of government. In connection with the discrediting of the Soviet Union, the rapid decline of the Communist Party and its ideology, there was a collapse of Marxism, which provided for a certain model of time and history. The end of the revolutionary idea, a powerful vector that indicated the direction of historical time into the future, inevitably led to a rapid change in perception of the past. Three models of the future, which, according to Pierre Nora, defined the face of the past (the future as a restoration of the past, the future as progress and the future as a revolution) that existed until recently, have now lost their relevance. Today, absolute uncertainty hangs over the future. The inability to predict the future poses certain challenges to the present. The end of any teleology of history imposes on the present a debt of memory. Features of the life of memory, the specifics of its state and functioning directly affect the state of identity, both personal and collective. Distortion of memory, its incorrect work, and its ideological manipulation can give rise to an identity crisis. The memorial phenomenon is a certain political resource in a situation of severe socio-political breaks and changes. In the conditions of the economic crisis and in the absence of a real and clear program for future development, the state often seeks to turn memory into the main element of national consolidation.

scholarly journals Nueva York 1916. La ciudad sin límites | New York 1916. Unlimited city

ZARCH ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
José Durán Fernández
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New York City ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
York City ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City

La Ciudad de Nueva York fue pionera en la aplicación de un sistema de planificación de control urbano que pusiera orden y concierto a una ciudad que rebasa los 5 millones de habitantes a principios del siglo XX. Tal complejo organismo urbano, inédito hasta ese momento, fue objeto del más ambicioso plan urbano sobre una ciudad construida.Este artículo se destina al estudio de este originario plan urbano de 1916, el cual sentaría las bases, unas ciertamente visionarias otras excesivas, de la construcción de la Ciudad de Nueva York en todo el siglo XX. La Building Zone Resolution se creó con dos fines: resolver los problemas de congestión humana en un espacio reducido, la ciudad del presente, y proponer una visión del espacio urbano en las décadas venideras, la ciudad del futuro.El artículo es un compendio de diez textos cortos y un epílogo, que junto a sus respectivos diez documentos gráficos, construyen el corpus de la investigación. El lector pues se enfrenta a un ensayo gráfico formado por pequeños capítulos que le sumergirán en los orígenes de la primera ciudad vertical de la historia.PALABRAS CLAVE: Nueva York; Planeamiento; Visión urbana.The city of New York was a pioneer in the implementation of an urban control planning system that set in order a city that exceeds five million people in the early twentieth century. Such complex urban organism – invaluable until that moment – was the target for the most ambitious urban planning on a built city.This paper focuses on the study of this initial urban planning from 1916, which would set the basis, certainly some visionary yet others excessive, for the building of New York City throughout the 20th century. The Building Zone Resolution was created with two purposes: to solve the issues related to the human bundle in a limited space, the city of the present, and to aim a vision of the urban space in the forthcoming decades, the city of the future.The article is a compendium of ten short texts and one epilogue, which in combination with ten graphic documents, frame the corpus of this investigation. Thus, the reader will face a graphic essay composed by a series of brief chapters that highlight the beginning of the first vertical city in history.KEYWORDS: New York; Planning; Urban vision.

MONUMENTAL PAINTING DURING THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Omonulla Salikhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Analytical Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Bank ◽  
Academic School ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Mother Earth

The article analyzes the features of the formation of the school of painting in Uzbekistan in the twentieth century, the harmony of painting with modern urban planning, analysis of the work of greatpainters. In particular, in the works of B. Jalolov, one of the most prominent artists in the field of monumental painting, we see that he skillfully combined the strong traditions of the academic school, the aesthetics of Western and Eastern art. His work can be seen in a series of frescoes. The interior of theTurkiston concert palace in Tashkent contains analytical information about the work of Umar Khayyam on oriental lyrics, “Nobody said why I was born” at the National Bank of Uzbekistan, as well as about his monumental works in many other regions. On the example of Samarkand, A. Isaev was one of the most versatile artists in the field of monumental painting, he also wrote “The Great Silk Road” on the walls of the foyer of the Institute of Foreign Languages and “Friendship of Peoples” for the foyer of the academic lyceum of the Institute, Examples “History of Samarkand” for the hotel “ Afrosiyab ", at the Samarkand Agricultural Institute, such as" The Generosity of Mother Earth ", 41 ceramic panels on Tashkent Street and many other monumental paintings. By the colors in the artist's works, one can imagine that the artist played the melody in a lyrical tone. The article notes that almost all compositions are characterized by a description of the artist's work, such as the observation ofwarmth, a set of warm colors, oriental colors, a patriotic mood, which is typical for all artists

scholarly journals BACIS THEORETICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNAL CONTROL

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firdaus I. Kharisova ◽  
Alisa V. Samoilova
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Corporate Governance System ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
Competitive Relations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Commercial Organizations

The question of the existence of an effective internal control system is now of particular relevance. The current stage of the economic entities operation in the Russian Federation is a stage of changing the external and internal environment of management, characterized by a high level of uncertainty and instability, which consists in toughening of competitive relations. Domestic organizations have to operate in the conditions of rapid change and development of technologies, a tough competitive environment, growing business diversification, and inconsistency of domestic legislation. One of the main factors for creating the competitiveness of organizations is effective management, based on quality, reliable and complete information about the managed facility. The paper reveals key questions about the internal control of commercial organizations in the non-financial sector. The main interpretations of the term "internal control" and components of the internal control system are considered, the stages of internal control formation are outlined, the place of internal control in a corporate governance system is substantiated, and official powers in the internal control system are identified. Also, the authors present the main documents which should be noted when studying the issue of internal control. The main methods used in this work are the information systematization, processing and generalization.

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