scholarly journals Lineage Matters: DNA, Race, and Gene Talk in Judaism and Messianic Judaism

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Imhoff ◽  
Hillary Kaell
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
The Self ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
American Judaism ◽  
Messianic Judaism ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Genetic Science ◽  
Per Se

AbstractBased on ethnographic and archival research conducted on North American Judaism and Messianic Judaism, this article argues that each group uses DNA in what appear to be sociologically similar ways but that actually differ profoundly at the theological level. Our analysis moves beyond DNA testing per se to focus on what anthropologist Kim Tallbear calls “gene talk,” referring to “the idea that essential truths about identity inhere in sequences of DNA.” Contrasting Jews and Messianic Jews, we demonstrate clearly what scholars have only begun to recognize: how theological commitments may drive investments in genetic science and interpretations of it. Further, we show how religiously significant identities associated with race, ethnicity, or lineage interact with DNA science, coming to be viewed as inalienable qualities that reside in the self but move beyond phenotype alone. Finally, we argue that gene talk in these contexts is a religiously inflected practice, which serves to binds communities and (implicitly or explicitly) authorize existing theological ideals.

scholarly journals Brazilian norms for the International Affective Picture System (IAPS): comparison of the affective ratings for new stimuli between Brazilian and North-American subjects

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lasaitis ◽  
Rafaela Larsen Ribeiro ◽  
Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
International Affective Picture System ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The North ◽  
Reliable Instrument ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Normative Ratings

OBJECTIVE: The study presents the Brazilian norms for 240 new stimuli from International Affective Picture System (IAPS), a database of affective images widely used in research, compared to the North-American normative ratings. METHODS: The participants were 448 Brazilian university students from several courses (269 women and 179 men) with mean age of 24.2 (SD = 7.8), that evaluated the IAPS pictures in the valence, arousal and dominance dimensions by the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) scales. Data were compared across the populations by Pearson linear correlation and Student's t-tests. RESULTS: Correlations were highly significant for all dimensions; however, Brazilians' averages for arousal were higher than North-Americans'. CONCLUSIONS: The results show stability in relation to the first part of the Brazilian standardization and they are also consistent with the North-American standards, despite minor differences relating to interpretation of the arousal dimension, demonstrating that IAPS is a reliable instrument for experimental studies in the Brazilian population.

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTION OF NATION AND NATIONALISM IN 4 INDONESIAN NOVELS IN EUROPE

Widyaparwa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Candra Rahma Wijaya Putra ◽  
Rose Fitria Lutfiana
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Imagined Community ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Literary Sociology ◽  
Nation And Nationalism

This study aims to understand the concept of nation and nationalism through four literary works with a European background. The approach of literary sociology in this study is used to look for forms of Indonesian nationalism in Europe. The aim is to find the source of self-depiction as an important element in constructing the concept of the nation. The results showed that the self-image as an Indonesian identity was aimed at citizenship, history, culture (language and food), race (ethnicity), and religion. Collective awareness about citizenship, history, culture, and race refers to the locally imagined community, namely the Indonesian people. Religion refers to the universal community. The five elements are at the same time a source of nationalism, both the nation in understanding local and universal communities.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami konsep bangsa dan nasionalisme melalui empat karya sastra berlatar Eropa. Pendekatan sosiologi sastra dalam penelitian ini digunakan untuk mencari pembeda nasionalisme Indonesia di Eropa. Tujuannya adalah mencari sumber penggambaran diri sebagai unsur penting dalam mengkonstruksi konsep bangsa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa gambaran diri sebagai identitas keindonesiaan ditujukan dalam kewarganegaraan, sejarah, budaya (bahasa dan makanan), ras (etnis), dan agama. Kesadaran kolektif tentang kewarganegaraan, sejarah, budaya, dan ras merujuk pada komunitas terbayang lokal, yaitu bangsa Indonesia. Agama merujuk pada komunitas universal. Kelima unsur tersebut sekaligus sebagai sumber nasionalisme, baik bangsa dalam pemahaman komunitas lokal maupun universal.

A Portrait of North American Urban Historians

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1245
Author(s):  
Richard Harris
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Urban History ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
Race Ethnicity

A survey of members of the Urban History Association (UHA) undertaken in March 2017 provides information about the character, views, and prospects of urban history in North America. Most UHA members are professional historians. Their age profile is balanced; women and minorities are underrepresented, though their age profile indicates that members will become more diverse. They are researching cities around the world, but focus mainly on the larger U.S. cities. Thematically, their main interests are in planning/design, race/ethnicity, politics, and housing, in that order. Most situate their work on U.S. cities within a national frame of reference; only half believe that there is something distinctively urban about cities. Those who do tend to highlight social, political, and cultural, as opposed to economic, effects. Their intellectual influences are primarily other urban historians rather than more theoretically oriented writers.

Exploring the Effect of Disability, Race-Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status on Scores on the Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karrie A. Shogren ◽  
Leslie A. Shaw ◽  
Sheida K. Raley ◽  
Michael L. Wehmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Assessment Development ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

The Self-Determination Inventory: Student Report (SDI:SR) was developed to address a need in the field for tools to assess self-determination that are aligned with current best practices in assessment development and administration, and emerging research and best practices in promoting self-determination. The present study explored patterns of differences in self-determination scores across students with and without disabilities (i.e., no disability, learning disabilities, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and other health impairments) of varying racial-ethnic backgrounds (i.e., White, African American or Black, Hispanic or Latino[a], and Other) as well as the impact of receiving free and reduced price lunch (as a proxy for socioeconomic status) on self-determination scores in these groups. Findings suggest an interactive effect of disability, race-ethnicity, and free and reduced price lunch status on self-determination scores. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Choosing the right level of analysis: Stereotypes shape social reality via collective action

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben M. Tappin ◽  
Ryan T. McKay ◽  
Dominic Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The Self ◽  
Substantial Influence ◽  
Expectancy Effects ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Right ◽  
Level Of Analysis

AbstractIn his 2012 book Jussim argues that the self-fulfilling prophecy and expectancy effects of descriptive stereotypes are not potent shapers of social reality. However, his conclusion that descriptive stereotypes per se do not shape social reality is premature and overly reductionist. We review evidence that suggests descriptive stereotypes do have a substantial influence on social reality, by virtue of their influence on collective action.

Problems of practice and principle if centring law reform on the concept of genetic discrimination

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-380
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Regulatory Reform ◽  
Genetic Discrimination ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Legislative Reform ◽  
Genetic Interpretation ◽  
Genetic Science ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Problems Of Practice ◽  
Do So

AbstractAdvances in genetic science are increasing the significance of genetic information within the contractual environment. While there may be an obligation upon governments to respond to this trend a number of problems may be associable with any attempt to do so that is centred on the concept of genetic discrimination as such. An attempt to exclusively limit regulatory reform to the acquisition and use of specifically genetic information may prove ultimately indefensible: the nature of genetic information is likely to render any such reform either ineffective or unworkable in practice or prove it arbitrary in principle.This position may be defended through a sustained look at what might conceivably be understood by the term 'genetic discrimination'. The term may, broadly speaking, be understood to refer to one of three kinds of discrimination. Tracing the conceptual contours of genetic discrimination in a primary, secondary and tertiary sense helps to illustrate potential regulatory difficulties of both principle and practice.If the identified practical problems are to be avoided then lines must be drawn not between the three 'kinds' of genetic discrimination described but rather through them. However, drawing a line through a particular concept of genetic discrimination (and of genetic information) involves undeniably excluding certain genetic information from the scope of the regulation.If an unblinking focus upon the concept of genetic information per se demonstrates the limits of this concept as a focus of legislative reform then questions are raised as to the significance of 'genetic' interpretation to the raison d'être of regulation. I conclude by proposing that, while advances in genetic science may provide the motivation, the most appropriate target of reform may not indeed be genetic information per se at all.

scholarly journals A New Description of a Healthcare Professional’s Resilience, Incorporating an Eastern Philosophical Perspectives of Self-definition. How to Bridge the Gap between Independent and Interdependent Self-definition in Medical Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizuma Tsuchiya ◽  
Yusuke Takamiya ◽  
Linda Snell
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
North American ◽  
The Self ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Interdependent Self ◽  
Medical Educators ◽  
American Society ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

Teaching about resilience is one of the biggest challenges in medical education. One of the problems is that medical educators might still ascribe to the individualistic self-definition mainly promoted in the North American society. This definition includes characteristics such as “enduring ongoing hardship,” “thriving on challenges,” “being healthy,” and “being stronger,” which may raise hidden expectations that a healthcare professional’s personality should be strong enough to bounce back to his or her original condition even in a psychologically demanding situation. Psychological theorists describe two broad modes of self-definition in two different cultures: independent self-definition in North American individualism and interdependent self-definition in East Asian collectivism. Despite this seemingly stereotypical discussion on the characteristics of self-definition, a discussion of the two types of self-definition can still encourage medical educators to propose a broader model of resilience in medical education. More specifically, a person using an independent self-definition may become be a complete, whole, autonomous entity, without others, and thus tends to achieve more and become more productive in a competitive society. In contrast, a person using an interdependent self-definition is more likely to be open to another aspect of the context and thus might be able to find and value the self in different ways even in the same context. However, these two self-definitions may not be dichotomous or mutually exclusive but occur in varying ratios in any one individual, particularly as trends of increased globalization, immigration, and technology call for changes in an individual’s value systems in countries. From this standpoint, this review proposes a new definition of resilience in medical education, which is ‘a person’s capacity to be aware of the aspects of the self differently identified in each context, and to consciously value oneself and others in the context’. This is the first article that incorporates the concept of the two self-definitions into resilience education in healthcare. The proposed definition may provide a broader model of resilience in a healthcare professional for educators as well as trainees in medical education.

scholarly journals The Paradoxical Discourse of Language and Silence in Some Contemporary North-American Texts on the Arctic

Nordlit ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Fredrik Chr. Brøgger
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Life World ◽  
Far North ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Barry Lopez ◽  
Indigenous Voices

The Arctic has often been regarded (its various indigenous groups notwithstanding) as a desolate and silent void to be explored and defined by Euro-westerners, usuallyin terms of a masculine competitive ethos and an ethnocentric rhetoric of WesternEnlightenment and progress. Surprisingly, even many Norwegian arctic expeditionsof our own time tend to embody similar narratives of conquest and athletic prowess.Among contemporary North-American writers, however, this kind of discourse isprofoundly questioned, particularly by focusing on the problematic function oflanguage itself in our constructions of the Arctic. This article focuses on three North-American books in which the issue of the Euro-western linguistic appropriation ofthe Arctic, its natural environment as well as its peoples, is a major concern; they areall reflections on the issues of writing and silence with reference to the far north. Thethree books are: Barry Lopez' Arctic Dreams: Imagination and Desire in a NorthernLandscape (1987), Aritha van Herk's Places Far from Ellesmere (1990), and JohnMoss' Enduring Dreams: An Exploration of Arctic Landscape (1996). Central in allof them is the following issue: how to make the wordless landscape or the alienculture speak from under, as it were, the enormous compilation of centuries of Eurowesterntext. The article discusses four major strategies by which these three booksattempt to counteract and subvert earlier Euro-western ethnocentric and monologicnarratives of the Arctic: by the inclusion of feminine and indigenous voices; by thelegitimation of the sensuous life-world of the Arctic itself; by the self-reflexivesubversion of the authority of the language of their own texts; and by the use of astyle of paradox and contradiction. By way of such techniques, the books above try to create more open, dialogic and pluralistic readings of the Arctic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document