Symmetry, Sympathy, and Sensation

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Persis Berlekamp
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Civic Institutions ◽  
Shed Light

Talismans drawing on the combined iconographies of lions and dragons proliferated on the walls and doors of cities and civic institutions in early thirteenth-century Iraq, Syria, and Anatolia. This article examines them in light of three different medieval theoretical models, seeking to shed light on why intelligent people in their original milieus might have expected such talismans to have protective power.

Nomadic Populations and the Challenge to Political Legitimacy: Three Cases from the Medieval Islamic West

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Hopley
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter examines the responses of three important medieval Maghribī dynasties to the dilemmas posed by nomadic populations dwelling in their midst. These dynasties include the Almoravids in al-Andalus in the twelfth century, the Almohads in the Maghrib in the thirteenth century, and the Ḥafṣids, successors to the Almohads in Ifrīqiya, during the fourteenth century. The aim is to shed light on the challenges that nomadic populations posed to political legitimacy, and to suggest, paradoxically perhaps, that the presence of unruly nomads in the medieval Islamic west, and the effort to contain them, served an important role in each dynasty's attempt to gain political legitimacy in the eyes of the Muslim community.

Television's Role in Family Interaction

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
IRENE F. GOODMAN
Keyword(s):  
Family Systems ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Television Use ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shed Light

The purpose of this article is to argue that exploring the role of television in family life is not solely a matter of studying its effects on family members; it also involves looking at TV as a phenomenon that serves a whole range of social purposes the study of which can shed light on general family functioning. In this review, existing theoretical models and research are discussed in order to show why a new model—family systems—is being proposed. The application of the family systems model to the arena of television use in the family is one that has not been previously explored. Emphasis will be placed on two family systems principles that are important in the study of the family's use of and interaction around television. Current measurement techniques will be examined to illustrate that a new approach, reflecting interaction and process, is needed. Components of a family systems model—structure, development, and adaptation—are adapted in order to discuss TV's function in the family. Suggestions for future research and implications for therapy are offered.

Les doubles hoqués et les motés: Guillaume de Machaut's Hoquetus David

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-173
Author(s):  
JARED C. HARTT
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Ars Nova ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Scholarly Attention

ABSTRACTGuillaume de Machaut's Hoquetus David represents the only extant hocket of the Ars Nova. Although the Hoquetus is among Machaut's most commercially recorded compositions, it has received relatively little scholarly attention: while Daniel Leech-Wilkinson has focused on its rhythmic characteristics and Anne Walters Robertson on its possible raison d'être, many of the Hoquetus's unusual musical features remain unexplored. In Part I of this article, I compare the Hoquetus with Machaut's motets, as well as with thirteenth-century double hockets, in order to shed light on several of the work's anomalies. In Part II, I turn to matters of syntax, concentrating on Machaut's use of the dissonant seventh. I discuss and illustrate Machaut's surprisingly frequent use of the seventh to fifth progression in several passages from the Hoquetus, his motets and the Messe de nostre dame, and in turn demonstrate that the progression indeed constitutes a salient element of his compositional praxis. In Part III, I briefly address the question of method of performance. By inspecting the vocal ranges and melodic activity of the Hoquetus itself, I demonstrate that the Hoquetus David is indeed conducive for vocal performance, and in turn speculate how it might be performed despite its lack of text.

A Sarum antiphoner and other medieval office manuscripts from England and France: some musical relationships

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Halmo
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Musical Tradition ◽  
French And English ◽  
Similarity And Difference ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Made In

Using several twelfth- and thirteenth-century sources, this study examines a selected number of Office antiphons, comparing their melodic variants for patterns of similarity and difference. The ancestry of a Sarum manuscript and - in another source - the survival of a pre-Conquest musical tradition in England are discernible in Office manuscripts examined as are affinities among French and English sources. Evidence from previous chant scholarship and certain medieval historical events shed light on the observations made in this study.

Illuminated History Books in the Anglo-Norman World, 1066-1272

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cleaver
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Illuminated Manuscripts ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Gerald Of Wales ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Henry Of Huntingdon ◽  
History Books ◽  
Shed Light

During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries texts about the recent and more distant past were produced in remarkable numbers in the lands controlled by the kings of England. This may be seen, in part, as a response to changing social and political circumstances in the wake of the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The names of many of the twelfth- and thirteenth-century historians are well known, and they include Orderic Vitalis, William of Malmesbury, John of Worcester, Henry of Huntingdon, Gerald of Wales, and Matthew Paris. Yet the manuscripts in which these works survive are also evidence for the involvement of many other people in the production of history, as patrons, scribes, and artists. This study focuses on history books of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries to examine what they reveal about the creation, circulation, and reception of history in this period. In particular, this research concentrates on illuminated manuscripts. These volumes represent an additional investment of time, labour, and resources, and combinations of text and imagery shed light on engagements with the past as manuscripts were copied at specific times and places. Imagery could be used to reproduce the features of older sources, but it was also used to call attention to particular elements of a text, and to impose frameworks onto the past. As a result the study of illuminated history books has the potential to change the way in which we see the medieval past and its historians.

The "Commentary" That Saved the Text. The Hazardous Journey of Ibn al-Haytham's Arabic Optics

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThe "Text" and the "Commentary" mentioned in the title of this essay are, respectively, the Kitāb al-Manāzir, or Optics, of al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham, composed in the first half of the fifth/eleventh century, and the Tanqīh al-Manāzir li-dhawī l-absār wa l-basā'ir, written by Abū l-Hasan (or al-Hasan) Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī in the second half of the seventh/thirteenth century. It is known that, so far, only the first five of the seven maqālāt /Books that make up the Arabic text of IH's Optics have been published, and that the Tanqīh was published in two volumes. I shall be concerned with certain episodes in the lives of these two works, my aim being to shed light on their transmission within the Islamic Arabic and Persian worlds.

Promoting Healthy Practices in the Workplace: Making Workers’ Health a Priority Before It Becomes a Problem

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-112
Author(s):  
Kasey E. Longley ◽  
Amy M. Smith ◽  
Joseph G. Grzywacz
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Work And Employment ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Work And Health

The goal of this chapter is to engage more researchers in the study of “work and health” using the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. Primary emphasis is placed on the fundamental role paid work plays in producing health outcomes, and modifiable elements of the workplace that could contribute to improvements in human health. Work and employment assessments are fundamental cornerstones of the MIDUS enterprise; consequently, it is well equipped to shed light on and advance thinking about health-promoting (or -damaging) effects of paid employment. The chapter begins with a basic description of theoretical models frequently used to understand how and why work may affect health outcomes. The chapter discusses the contributions made to the work and health literature by the diverse studies made possible through the MIDUS enterprise. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future studies that take advantage of the unique data presented by the MIDUS.

scholarly journals Modelling thermochemical processes in protoplanetary discs I: numerical methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (3) ◽  
pp. 4471-4491
Author(s):  
T Grassi ◽  
B Ercolano ◽  
L Szűcs ◽  
J Jennings ◽  
G Picogna
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Central Star ◽  
Radiation Spectra ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Protoplanetary Discs

ABSTRACT The dispersal phase of planet-forming discs via winds driven by irradiation from the central star and/or magnetic fields in the disc itself is likely to play an important role in the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Current theoretical models lack predictive power to adequately constrain observations. We present prizmo, a code for evolving thermochemistry in protoplanetary discs capable of being coupled with hydrodynamical and multifrequency radiative transfer codes. We describe the main features of the code, including gas and surface chemistry, photochemistry, microphysics, and the main cooling and heating processes. The results of a suite of benchmarks, which include photon-dominated regions, slabs illuminated by radiation spectra that include X-ray, and well-established cooling functions evaluated at different temperatures, show good agreement both in terms of chemical and thermal structures. The development of this code is an important step to perform quantitative spectroscopy of disc winds, and ultimately the calculation of line profiles, which is urgently needed to shed light on the nature of observed disc winds.

Intentionality, Morality, and Their Relationship in Human Judgment

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Malle
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Folk Concept ◽  
Legal Judgments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis article explores several entanglements between human judgments of intentionality and morality (blame and praise). After proposing a model of people's folk concept of intentionality I discuss three topics. First, considerations of a behavior's intentionality affect people's praise and blame of that behavior, but one study suggests that there may be an asymmetry such that blame is more affected than praise. Second, the concept of intentionality is constitutive of many legal judgments (e.g., of murder vs. manslaughter), and one study illustrates people's subtle considerations of intentionality in making those judgments. Third, controversial recent studies suggest that moral considerations can affect judgments of intentionality, and an asymmetry may exist such that blame affects those judgments more than praise. I report two new studies that may shed light on these recent findings, and I discuss several theoretical models that might account for the impact of moral considerations on intentionality judgments and for the relationship between the two more generally.

scholarly journals Theoretical Model and Experimental Investigations on Solution-Mediated Polymorphic Transformation of Theophylline: From Polymorph I to Polymorph II

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manli Zhu ◽  
Yongli Wang ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Ying Bao ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphic Transformation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Nucleation Model ◽  
Dissolution Model ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
Shed Light

In this work, theophylline was selected as the model compound to study and simulate the solution-mediated polymorphic transformation. The polymorph I and polymorph II of theophylline were prepared and fully characterized. Raman and UV spectra methods were carried out to observe the phase transformation of theophylline from polymorph I to polymorph II at different temperatures. The theoretical models, including dissolution model, nucleation model, and growth model, were established to describe and simulate the transformation processes. By combination of experiments and simulations, the controlling steps of the transformation processes were discussed. The effects of temperature and/or solvent on the transformation processes were evaluated. This work can shed light on the polymorphic transformation processes.

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