scholarly journals Export Performance and Competitiveness of Indonesian Food Commodities

JEJAK ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-301
Author(s):  
Firmansyah Firmansyah ◽  
Wahyu Widodo ◽  
Karsinah Karsinah ◽  
Shanty Oktavilia
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Trade Specialization ◽  
The World

The developments of the world trade requires the improvement of the competitiveness of products, including agricultural commodities. At the regional level, Indonesias agricultural commodities face the ASEAN free market competition. This study aims to identify and examine the competitiveness of Indonesian exports of several agricultural commodities in the international market by employing the index of competitiveness of trade specialization by trade specialization index (TSI), and the index of market penetration, by revealed comparative advantage (RCA). This study observed the HS 4 digit agricultural commodities, along 2011-2015. The study finds that the index of commodity trade specialization of estate crops sub-sector is in a stage of maturation of the world trade, or it has a very strong competitiveness. The food crops sub-sector stand on the introduction stage of the world trade or it has low competitiveness, or in other words, Indonesia is a net importer of the sector commodities. Although some of commodities have the strong competitiveness, but on the other hand, they do not have a strong comparative advantage. This is shown by the RCA value that less than 1. It means that a part of agricultural commodities, namely food crops, horticulture and estate, are still import oriented.The developments of the world trade requires the improvement of the competitiveness of products, including agricultural commodities. At the regional level, Indonesias agricultural commodities face the ASEAN free market competition. This study aims to identify and examine the competitiveness of Indonesian exports of several agricultural commodities in the international market by employing the index of competitiveness of trade specialization by trade specialization index (TSI), and the index of market penetration, by revealed comparative advantage (RCA). This study observed the HS 4 digit agricultural commodities, along 2011-2015. The study finds that the index of commodity trade specialization of estate crops sub-sector is in a stage of maturation of the world trade, or it has a very strong competitiveness. The food crops sub-sector stand on the introduction stage of the world trade or it has low competitiveness, or in other words, Indonesia is a net importer of the sector commodities. Although some of commodities have the strong competitiveness, but on the other hand, they do not have a strong comparative advantage. This is shown by the RCA value that less than 1. It means that a part of agricultural commodities, namely food crops, horticulture and estate, are still import oriented.

CHANGING GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT AND CHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Dr. K.Madhava Rao
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Conceptual Base ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The World

Rapid advancement of Information & Communication Technology (ICT) provides a newer shape of business. Pattern of doing business has changed into a completely different format. Concept of free market economy got its existence from the conceptual base through the advancement of online marketing facility. Countries are working to come closer through different regional blockings as well as under the multilateral trading system through the World Trade Organization (WTO)s active intervention to make international trade easier than ever. World Customs Organization (WCO) introduced HS Code system to harmonize world trade facilitate quick customs clearance. After all globalization get a momentum in last decade and many non-tariff, Para-tariff barriers are addressed and in a considerable position of solution of the problems. Countries are negotiating and committed to co-operate each others to ensure free movement of trade around the globe. As a result new issues are coming into emergence with challenge or opportunity in its two sites. Nowhere, perhaps, was it felt more keenly than in the world of international business. Political, economic, and environmental issues are increasingly becoming the remit of international business leaders as much as governments. The next generation of global business leaders, embracing the opportunities and challenges of international business. While the global marketplace becomes more interconnected and accessible, the risks involved in doing business abroad are not to be taken lightly. The aim of the research is to introduce and explain international business in an important emerging light of globalization. The paper concludes that business people and governments around the world will have to be more knowledgeable about the international dimensions of management than at any time in the past. KEYWORDS: World Customs Organization, International dimensions, Globalization, Communication Technology.

scholarly journals World commodity trade in the globalisation processes

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
V. Jeníček
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Oil Shocks ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Changes ◽  
Average Yearly Increase

The real trade development is estimated by the recalculation of nominal value through unit values (prices). The unit value indices reflect, besides the change of prices, also the changes in the structure and qualitative changes of the traded products. In the 70s, the average yearly increase of unit values reached 14% and reflected namely the inflation caused by the oil shocks. Since then, it reaches in average up to 1%. We can suppose that, under the normal conditions, unit values growth is rather the consequence of the qualitative and structural changes (increased share of the more sophisticated products of processing industry), in fact, prices in international trade have been decreasing for years already. The question whether the world trade growth rates decrease or accelerate is then still open. It is certain that the world trade volume growth rate (6.3%) has shown a considerable surpass to the production growth rate (4.1%).

scholarly journals New Economy – an analysis of the competitiveness related to education of students and managers

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 345-348
Author(s):  
A. Podolák
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
The World ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
Education Of Students ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

New Economy deals with competitiveness analysed by international comparative advantage of commodity and regional trade. According to New Economy we are forced to quantify the contribution of tradable goods and services into international competitiveness. New Economy shifts the current national competitiveness into a higher comparative advantage of comparable commodities of the world competitiveness. The methodology of calculation of domestic inputs and outputs is expanded by inputs and outputs of the comparable countries, integrated territories or also international agro-commodity trade.

scholarly journals Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness of World Soy Exporter in Respond to Us-China Trade Dispute

10.31355/75 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 001-020
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Price Impact ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Trade Dispute ◽  
Bric Countries ◽  
China Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Reveal Comparative Advantage

Aim/Purpose: This research identifies China’s agricultural commodities demand on soy and compares the comparative advantage, competitiveness of world soy exporters. Background: The world’s largest agricultural commodities importer-China had bought 10.7 % of world agricultural commodities (US$1,167.2 billion) during year 2017. Studying China’s demand in order to formulate export strategies is crucial especially for BRIC countries. Methodology: Reveal Comparative advantage (RCA), Comparative Advantage above Average (CAaA) and Export Competitive Advantage (XCA) were used in this study. Findings: Analysis shows that Brazil, USA, Argentina, Canada, Paraguay, Uruguay and Ukraine who supply more than 97% of world soy export have better comparative advantage and competitiveness over other soy exporters in the world. Russia and Netherlands are picking up with offering lower export price. Impact on Society: Due to US-China Trade dispute, China has switched soy import and purchase from the US to Brazil. That has caused US$3 billion wealth loss for both countries.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Links between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan from Economic and Commercial Perspectives

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semih Çetin ◽  
Burak Sertkaya
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Trade Relation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Trend

Kyrgyzstan has become an attractive market because the country has a central location in Central Asia and kept pace with the free market faster than other countries in the region. Since Kyrgyzstan is a member of the World Trade Organization country become more important than the other countries in the region. In this study the recent history and the development of foreign trade relation between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan and the problems encountered in this relation are considered. Despite the growing trend of bilateral trade and economic relations since the early 90s, contraction experienced in the trade volume in 1998 and 1999 depending on the Russian crisis. Since the early 2000s, again the increasing trend of economic relations was observed. In this context by examining the trade relations between the two countries, the trade relations between the two countries are discussed and problems that encountered in the development process of the relations are investigated and solutions suggested.

scholarly journals LANDASAN PSIKOLOGIS PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM ABAD 21

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-86
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nur Kholik
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication

This article aims to examine the psychology foundations of 21st century curriculum development, because the foundation of psychology is one of the principles in curriculum creation and development. The method used in this research is literature study, collecting, analyzing, processing and presenting books, journals and texts related to the research theme as reference material in the form of literature reports. The rapid development of science and technology and the existence of free market competition between countries has implications for life and of course for the world of education. It is important to conduct a review of the principles of curriculum development, namely the psychological principles of students. The result of this research is that curriculum development must be based not only on philosophy but also based on psychology. In the 21st century with the rapid development of information and communication technology and free competition between countries in all fields will affect the psychology of students, This must be considered by curriculum developers so that orientation is no longer centered on cognitive but more on psychomotor or skills. This is why the foundation of psychology is very important in conducting curriculum development. The positive impact expected in this article for the world of education is for curriculum developers to focus more on the needs of students in the 21st century so that they can compete with other countries.

scholarly journals Analisis Daya Saing Kopi Indonesia di Pasar Internasional

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Yoga IG Hamzah ◽  
Jabal Tarik Ibrahim ◽  
Istis Baroh ◽  
Fithri Mufriantie
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
International Market ◽  
Trade Specialization ◽  
Acceleration Ratio ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Positive Acceleration ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Coffee Market ◽  
Index Value

Based on coffee export data 2008-2017, the index value of Indonesia's coffee trade specialization is positive (0-1). The average value of ISPs of Indonesian coffee for 10 years is 0.91, meaning that Indonesia tends to be a coffee exporter country. Indonesian coffee has competitiveness  in the international market with an acceleration ratio value between 10.66 in 2012 to 53.76 in 2008. The always positive acceleration ratio (AR) value shows that Indonesian coffee is able to win the world coffee market. Indonesian coffee also has a comparative advantage with the value of Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA) which is always positive. The highest RCA value of Indonesian coffee occurred in 2008 at 5.26 and the lowest RCA value in 2011 was 2.60, while the average RCA value of Indonesia was 3.93.

WTO Accession Brings Opportunities, Challenges to CNOOC and Corresponding Countermeasures

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1492-1496
Author(s):  
Xin Huang ◽  
Nan Jun Lai
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The World ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

China join in WTO means that China petroleum industry will be integrated into economic globalization also means that China petroleum industry will have a direct impact by market competition. As being Chinese’s largest offshore oil and gas producer, China National Offshore Oil Corporation must take active measures to deal with the opportunities and challenges brought by joining the World Trade Organization.

Blockchanging Money

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-117
Author(s):  
Dario de Oliveira Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Economic Advantage ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Visible Hand ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
Cross Reference

Blockchain technology is changing the world incentive system, making programmable money. This kind of money is only fruitful and democratically livable in a transparent political environment. Otherwise, instead of unleashing innovation and collective action with the market's visible hand of qualified money, the new internet of value will deliver a digital money with the same algorithmic fate that social media met on the previous internet. The latter allows digitizing users' data and has been used to manipulate consumers and public opinion (possibly in the last two U.S. Presidential elections). Similarly, the former will let states and corporatocracy cross-reference social media and digital money's data, hurting privacy even more. As blockchains disseminate, having the crucial economic advantage of reducing transaction costs, only free-market competition between private and public blockchains guarantee transparency and democracy. Blockchain technology is the real McCoy, and decentralizing digital money is the free world's best shot, especially in the new normal triggered by COVID-19.

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