Implikasi Pola Kerja Telensefalon dan Korteks Cerebral dalam Pendidikan Jasmani

Tujuan dari artikel ini membahas tentang pola kerja telensefalon dan korteks cerebral dan implikasinya dalam pendidikan jasmani. Telensefalon berperan berbagai proses, yaitu: penentuan kecerdasan, penentuan kepribadian, menginterpretasi rangsang berbagai indra. Sedangkan Korteks cerebral berperan sebagai pusat integrasi untuk informasi sensorik dan regio pengambil keputusan bagi berbagai jenis output motorik. Dengan demikian korteks cerebral memiliki sumbang asih pada pembelajaran gerak, khususnya dalam pendidikan jasmani. Selain itu perkembangan korteks cerebral juga dapat dibentuk melalui pembelajaran gerak yang tepat.The purpose of this article discusses the work patterns of telencephalon andr brain cortex and their implications in physical education. Telencephalon won various processes, namely: intelligence, personality selection, interpreting the various sensory stimuli. While the Cortex acts as an information center for sensory and requests decisions for various types of motor. Thus the brain cortex has a contribution to the learning of motion, specifically in physical education. In addition, the development of the brain cortex can also be built through the learning of appropriate motion.

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GLUTAMATE/GABA DISBALANCE IN COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RADIATION AND TRAUMATIC INJURY OF THE BRAIN CORTEX

Aerospace and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.21687/0233-528x-2019-53-6-5-10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 5-10

Author(s):

V.S. Kokhan ◽

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Brain Cortex ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

The Brain

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Intermittent Hypoxic Conditioning Rescues Cognition and Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Profile in the Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22010461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 461

Author(s):

Sónia C. Correia ◽

Nuno J. Machado ◽

Marco G. Alves ◽

Pedro F. Oliveira ◽

Paula I. Moreira

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Brain Cortex ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Special Focus ◽

Mitochondrial Bioenergetics ◽

Related Phenotype ◽

Brain Resilience ◽

The Brain

The lack of effective disease-modifying therapeutics to tackle Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is unsettling considering the actual prevalence of this devastating neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Intermittent hypoxic conditioning (IHC) is a powerful non-pharmacological procedure known to enhance brain resilience. In this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential long-term protective impact of IHC against AD-related phenotype, putting a special focus on cognition and mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics. For this purpose, six-month-old male triple transgenic AD mice (3×Tg-AD) were submitted to an IHC protocol for two weeks and the behavioral assessment was performed at 8.5 months of age, while the sacrifice of mice occurred at nine months of age and their brains were removed for the remaining analyses. Interestingly, IHC was able to prevent anxiety-like behavior and memory and learning deficits and significantly reduced brain cortical levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) in 3×Tg-AD mice. Concerning brain energy metabolism, IHC caused a significant increase in brain cortical levels of glucose and a robust improvement of the mitochondrial bioenergetic profile in 3×Tg-AD mice, as mirrored by the significant increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and respiratory control ratio (RCR). Notably, the improvement of mitochondrial bioenergetics seems to result from an adaptative coordination of the distinct but intertwined aspects of the mitochondrial quality control axis. Particularly, our results indicate that IHC favors mitochondrial fusion and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and transport and mitophagy in the brain cortex of 3×Tg-AD mice. Lastly, IHC also induced a marked reduction in synaptosomal-associated protein 25 kDa (SNAP-25) levels and a significant increase in both glutamate and GABA levels in the brain cortex of 3×Tg-AD mice, suggesting a remodeling of the synaptic microenvironment. Overall, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of the IHC paradigm in forestalling the AD-related phenotype in the 3×Tg-AD mouse model, offering new insights to AD therapy and forcing a rethink concerning the potential value of non-pharmacological interventions in clinical practice.

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Characterization of calcium-dependent membrane binding proteins of brain cortex

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2290587 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 229 (3) ◽

pp. 587-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A R Rhoads ◽

M Lulla ◽

P B Moore ◽

C E Jackson

Keyword(s):

Brain Cortex ◽

Peptide Mapping ◽

Bovine Brain ◽

Particulate Fraction ◽

Structural Homology ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Calcium Dependent ◽

Stokes Radius ◽

The Brain

Proteins of Mr 68 000, 34 000 and 32 000 were selectively extracted by EGTA from brain cortex. The three proteins that were extracted along with calmodulin were acidic, monomeric, and did not exhibit structural homology, as demonstrated by one-dimensional peptide mapping. The Mr-68 000 protein was purified to homogeneity and had a Stokes radius of 3.54 nm and S20,W value of 5.1S. Purified calmodulin, Mr-68 000 protein and two proteins of Mr 34 000 and Mr 32 000, interacted with the brain particulate fraction, with half-maximal binding occurring at 3.5 microM, 8.3 microM and 150 microM-Ca2+ respectively. Proteins were bound independently of each other and calmodulin. Pretreatment of the particulate fraction with trypsin prevented the Ca2+-dependent binding of calmodulin; however, the binding of the Mr-68 000 protein or the Mr−32 000 and −34 000 proteins was unaffected. The Mr-68 000 protein of bovine brain did not cross-react immunologically with Mr-67 000 calcimedin from chicken gizzard.

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