CONTRACEPTION BY AN INJECTABLE LONG-ACTING OESTROGEN-PROGESTOGEN AGENT. II.

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Plesner
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
Fertile Women

ABSTRACT The results of a clinical investigation on 22 fertile women treated cyclically with a total of 341 injections of Deladroxate, an injectable, long-acting oestrogen-progestogen are presented. The injections were administered on the 8th (7th–9th) day of each cycle. Before treatment, the patients were observed through 2 cycles for cycle length as well as duration and amount of flow. In some cases the dose was increased because of a shortening of the cycle. The over all mean cycle length during the treatment was 25.3 days, though with fairly marked variations. The mean cycle length before treatment was 28.4 days. The duration of flow ranged from 1–30 days. About 72% of 320 withdrawal bleedings lasted for 4–8 days. Of the flows 60% were of normal amounts, while the majority of the remaining flows were scantier than the normal pre-treatment flows of the subjects. Side effects during treatment were recorded in one or more cycles in 17 of the 22 subjects and were in most cases slight and transient. The most common complaints were breast tenderness, oedema, and irregularities of bleeding. No pregnancy occurred during treatment. After discontinuation of the injections, bleedings and cycles normalized spontaneously in 11 women. In 1 woman curettage was performed because of profuse flow, and 2 women were treated with oral oestrogen-progestogens because of persistent bleeding. Eight women started oral contraception before the cycles became regular.

CONTRACEPTION BY AN INJECTABLE, LONG-ACTING OESTROGEN-PROGESTOGEN AGENT

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Plesner
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
Basal Body Temperature ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Excretion Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
Fertile Women

ABSTRACT The author reports the results of a clinical study on 17 fertile women treated through a total of 120 cycles with Deladroxate, an injectable, long-acting oestrogen-progestogen. The injections were administered on the 8th (7th–9th) day of each cycle. Before treatment was started, the patients were observed through 2 cycles with regard to cycle length as well as duration and amount of flow. Moreover, ovulation was assessed by means of daily recording of basal body temperature (BBT), pregnanediol analyses, total pituitary gonadotrophin analyses, and endometrial biopsies. In some cases the dosage had to be increased because of a shortening of the cycle. The mean cycle length during the treatment was 24.2 days, though with fairly marked variations (mean cycle length before institution of treatment: 28.2 days). Duration of flow ranged from 3–35 days. About 84% of 108 withdrawal bleedings lasted for 4–8 days. Of the flows 56 % were of normal amount, while the majority of the remaining 44 % were scantier than in the patients with normal periods. The ovulation-inhibiting effect of Deladroxate was assessed by daily recording of BBT, pregnanediol and pituitary gonadotrophin assays, and endometrial biopsies. Five of the 41 BBT curves (41 cycles) were biphasic. Four out of 34 endometrial biopsies, obtained on the 23rd day of the cycle, showed a secretory phase. Forty out of 41 cycles were anovulatory, as assessed by the pregnanediol excretion, while in 1 cycle the excretion pattern was not characteristic. In 20 out of 37 cycles there was a definite depression of gonadotrophin excretion, while in 17 cycles the excretion pattern was not characteristic. The effect of Deladroxate on the adrenal cortex was studied by means of 17-ketogenic steroid and 17-ketosteroid excretion. With both groups of steroids there seemed to be a tendency to a reduced excretion during treatment. No changes in the fibrinogen, prothrombin, GO-transaminase, bilirubin, or thymol values were observed during treatment. Side effects during treatment, recorded in 11 of the 17 subjects, were in most cases slight and transient. The most common complaints were breast tenderness, oedema, and irregularities of bleeding. No pregnancy occurred during treatment.

CONTRACEPTION BY AN INJECTABLE LONG-ACTING OESTROGEN-PROGESTOGEN AGENT. III

1972 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Rolf Plesner
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Treatment Cycle ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Discontinuation Of Treatment ◽  
Phase Type ◽  
Secretory Type ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Fertile Women

ABSTRACT Twenty-two fertile women were treated cyclically in from 4–30 cycles (mean 15.5) with a total of 341 injections of Deladroxate®, an injectable, long-acting oestrogen-progestogen. The injections were administered on the 8th (7th–9th) day of each cycle. Before treatment, the last pre-treatment cycle was controlled by means of daily recordings of the basal body temperature (BBT), urinary excretion of pregnanediol and total pituitary gonadotrophins at certain intervals, and by endometrial biopsies obtained late in the cycle. The effects of Deladroxate® on ovulation, on pituitary gonadotrophic function, and on the endometrium were controlled by the above mentioned parameters during cycles 1, 3, and 6, and all assessments were repeated after discontinuation of treatment. During treatment, there was a statistically significant fall in gonadotrophin excretion values (as compared with the pre-treatment values), and the fall was found to be gradually progressive during treatment. After discontinuation of treatment, there seemed to be a tendency towards an increase in the excretion values. Suppression of ovulation as determined by means of the pregnanediol excretion during treatment, was effective in nearly all of the treatment cycles checked. The fall in pregnanediol excretion was also gradually progressive during treatment, while there was a slight increase in excretion values in the post-treatment period. During treatment, 79 BBT curves were recorded. Nearly 50 % were monophasic, indicating anovulatory cycles, 17 curves were biphasic, but with the rise in temperature occurring at non-characteristic times in the cycles, 18 curves were classified as thermogenic because of a rise in temperature occurring within 24 hours after the injection, and 5 curves were not assessable. During the first month after discontinuation of treatment, 8 out of 10 recorded curves were monophasic. Out of 53 endometrial biopsies obtained around the 23rd day of the cycle, 31 were of the mixed phase type, but showing a predominance of proliferative patterns, 15 were of the secretory type, and 7 were purely proliferative. Out of 15 biopsies obtained in the post-treatment period, only two were of the mixed phase type, 12 were proliferative and one was purely secretory.

Maintenance Treatment with 5-Azacitidine for Patients with High Risk Myelodysplastic Syndr–ome (MDS) or Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following MDS (MDS-AML) in Complete Remission (CR) after Induction Chemotherapy

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 223-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Grövdal ◽  
Rasheed Khan ◽  
Anni Aggerholm ◽  
Petar Antunovic ◽  
Jan Astermark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Maintenance Treatment ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Around 50% of patients with high-risk MDS or MDS-AML may enter CR after induction chemotherapy, but CR duration, as well as overall survival is usually short. To address this clinical problem the Nordic MDS Group designed a prospective multicenter phase II study, which assessed the clinical feasibility and utility of long-term maintenance treatment with azaciditine. Sixty patients with high-risk MDS (IPSS intermediate-2 or high) (n=23) or AML following a previous known MDS (n=37) were enrolled between 2004 and 2006. The mean age was 68 (54–83) and patients should not be eligible for stem cell transplantation. Induction treatment consisted of standard doses of daunorubicin and ara-C. Patients in CR received low dose azacitidine subcutaneously 5/28 days until relapse, unless unacceptable toxicity developed. Methylation status of the P15ink4b (P15), E-cadherine (CDH) and Hypermethylated in Cancer 1 (HIC) gene was analysed at study start, in CR and in some patients during follow up. Last follow up was on August 1 2008, 24 months after the last CR was reported. Twenty-four patients (40%) reached CR and 23 of these started maintenance treatment with azacitidine. The initial dose of azacitidine was 75 mg/m2 but as four of the first five enrolled patients developed grade 4 cytopenia, the starting dose was lowered to 60 mg/m2, and was allowed to be reduced to 45 or 30 mg/m2 to avoid severe cytopenias. The mean dose of azacitidine was 54.3 mg/m2. Azacitidine was well tolerated. In 52% of the cases no side effects at all were reported. The most commonly reported side effect was mild rashes at the injection site (35%). Twenty-two percent developed fever or some kind of infection, mostly mild. Myelosuppression (grade 1–3) was seen in 22% of the cases. As previously reported, the probability of reaching CR was negatively correlated to promoter hypermethylation of CDH (p=0.008) and none of the 6 patients hypermethylated on all 3 genes reached CR (p=0.03) and hence only four patients hypermethylated on other genes than P15 received demethylating therapy. The median CR duration for the azacididine treated group was 13.5 months (2–49+) and median survival time from time of inclusion in the study for the same group was 20 months (4–52+). Four of 23 patients (17%) had a CR exceeding 24 months (32–52+). The two patients hypermethylated on CDH pre-induction had CR durations of only 2 and 5 months respectively. By last follow up 3 patients were still in CR. Of 10 patients without any methylation pre-treatment, all but one maintained this pattern in CR. Of the nine patients with pre treatment methylation of at least one gene, only one remained hypermethylated in CR. This patient had a CR duration of only 5 months. One patient showed development of P15 hypermethylation in the bone marrow sampled at 12 months and relapsed at 15 months. These findings support previous reports on P15 hypermethylation as a marker for minimal residual disease (MRD) and threatening relapse. In the whole group, survival was significantly shorter in patients with CDH methylation (3 vs 9 months, p=0.005), while pre-treatment p15 methylation status did not affect CR duration or overall survival. In conclusion, we show for the first time that maintenance treatment with azacytidine is feasible and associated with a median CR duration of 13.5 months, and very mild side effects. However azacytidine does not seem to prevent relapse in the majority of patients, including those with hypermethylation pre-treatment and/or in CR. Hypermethylation of multiple genes is a strong negative factor for survival, probability of CR, and CR duration. We observe a subset of patients, 17%, with a CR duration of >24 months; but no persistent pattern regarding cytogenetics, methylation or morphology could be identified in this group. The strong negative impact of E-Cadherin methylation, a gene involved in adhesion, warrants further investigation.

Observations on the onset of the breeding season and on the oestrous cycle of the Welsh Mountain ewe

1964 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. M. Hutchinson ◽  
P. J. O'Connor ◽  
H. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle

1.Within a flock of 55 Welsh Mountain ewes maintained under lowland conditions the first ewe came into oestrus on the 14th October. The mean cycle length of 44 normal cycles was 16 days 3 hr.2. The onset of oestrus as assessed by the time of mounting of the ram does not appear to be evenly distributed throughout the day (24 hr.).

Efficacy of Gabapentin in the Treatment of SUNCT Syndrome

Cephalalgia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1339-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Etemadifar ◽  
AH Maghzi ◽  
M Ghasemi ◽  
A Chitsaz ◽  
M Kaji Esfahani
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The Other ◽  
Side Effect Profile ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Sunct Syndrome ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin (GBP) in the treatment of SUNCT syndrome on a relatively large sample of Persian patients. Eight patients with SUNCT syndrome underwent a 4-week, open-label, daily treatment of 600-900 mg GBP. The frequency, intensity and duration of attacks were compared before and after the trial. After 4 weeks of treatment, intensity, duration and frequency of headaches were significantly ( P< 0.05) reduced. In addition, five patients (62.5±) were completely relieved from headaches, and in the other three patients the mean intensity, frequency and duration of headaches were decreased notably. In this study, GBP was well tolerated and no unfavourable side-effects were reported. After the end of the trial all patients continued the medication, and after 3 months none reported undesired side-effects or return of the headaches to the pre-treatment status. Our patients had a significant response to GBP, and considering other case reports on the effectiveness of GBP in the treatment of SUNCT syndrome, we propose that, taking into account the good side-effect profile and lack of interactions of GBP, this drug could be considered as an option for the treatment of SUNCT.

Cycle day of ovulation

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. James
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Composite Sample ◽  
Normal Length ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Cycles ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mean Cycle

The length of the post-ovulatory phase in a composite sample of menstrual cycles increases linearly with cycle length until cycle length reaches about 30 days, but thereafter it ceases to increase (Vollman, 1953; Bailey & Marshall, 1970). By contrast, plotted against the mean cycle length of the individual, the length of the post-ovulatory phase continues to increase roughly linearly with mean cycle length. It is concluded (a) that many long cycles are aberrant occurrences among cycles of normal length and are due to lengthening of the pre-ovulatory phase and (b) that where the mean cycle length is long, ovulation, as in shorter cycles, occurs just before the middle of the cycle, so that the post-ovulatory phase is longer than usual.The most fertile day seems to be the one before mid-cycle. These conclusions are the basis for the following formula for calendar rhythm:If x is the shortest and y the longest cycle in a woman's menstrual record, the ‘unsafe’ days start on Day (½x − 5) and last for (y − x + 8) days.

Characteristics of the menstrual cycle in nonhuman primates. IV. Timed mating in Macaca nemestrina

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Blakley ◽  
T. W. Beamer ◽  
W. R. Dukelow
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Macaque Species ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perineal Swelling ◽  
Mean Cycle

The events of the perineal swelling cycle in Macaca nemestrina have been correlated with the optimal time for conception. The mean cycle length of the animals was 32·8 days with the follicular and luteal phases of the cycle 17·6-19·2 and 13·6-15·2 days respectively. The time of ovulation, relative to the tumescence peak, ranged from 1 to 13 days. The optimal time for mating, based on the ratio between day of breeding and cycle length was 0·46, a value comparable with similar calculations for other macaque species.

General discussion: Suckling stimulus and lactation

1958 ◽  
Vol 149 (936) ◽  
pp. 421-423 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
Normal Gestation

Lactation in the rat can be prolonged indefinitely by the provision of a succession of young foster fitters to continue the stimulus of suckling. Under these conditions lactation becomes a steady state. In three rats nursing their third or fourth litters, lactation was so maintained for periods of 9, 10 and 12 months, respectively, and failure occurred only after the experimental conditions were deliberately altered. To attain steady lactation, foster litters were nursed only for the last few days of the period during which they depend wholly on the mother, i.e. shortly before their eyes open, and thus furnish a strong suckling stimulus not varying too greatly at each exchange of foster litter. In these circumstances sufficient milk was being secreted continuously to increase litter weight by 9 to 10 g per day (figure 49). The oestrous cycle was prolonged, the mean cycle length for the three females during prolonged lactation being 17.8 days. This condition has been described by Selye (1934) as ‘suckling pseudo-pregnancy'. In other experiments with prolonged lactation mating was allowed to take place after periods varying from 50 to 106 days of continuous lactation. There was no diminution of milk production as judged by litter growth over the night of mating if the male was introduced into the female’s cage and the young allowed to remain so that suckling continued. Neither was there a delay in implantation such as occurs after a mating at post-partum oestrus in the presence of a suckling litter, parturition occurring after the normal gestation period of 22 to 23 days (five out of five females).

THE MECHANISM IN INHIBITION OF OVULATION IN ORAL CONTRACEPTION. I.

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stamp
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
Megestrol Acetate ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment ◽  
Marked Suppression ◽  
Fertile Women

ABSTRACT A review is given of previous investigations on the excretion of pituitary gonadotrophins during treatment with gestagens, oestrogens or the combination of both. In the present study 14 fertile, 7 menopausal, and 9 oophorectomized women were treated with 6-methyl-6-dehydro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (megestrol acetate) + 17α-ethynyl-oestradiol-3-methyl-ether (mestranol) for a period of 3 to 61 weeks. The fertile women were given 5 mg of megestrol acetate + 0.1 mg of mestranol cyclically, and the menopausal and oophorectomized women were given the same dose of megestrol acetate + mestranol continuously. The excretion of total pituitary gonadotrophins was determined at short intervals during treatment and during the period following cessation of treatment. There was a significant suppression of the total pituitary gonadotrophins in 22 out of the 30 patients, and in 19 patients the excretion became undetectable. This marked suppression of total gonadotrophins occurred after 2 to 60 weeks of treatment (an average of 15 weeks). The gonadotrophin output reached pre-treatment levels 2 to 7 weeks (an average of 4 weeks) after the treatment was discontinued.

Reproductive habits and fertility of indigenous cattle to artificial insemination in Uganda

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. L. Rollinson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle

1. Records are presented of observations of the sexual behaviour of indigenous Uganda cattle and the fertility to artificial insemination.2. The mean cycle length found was 20·9 days,s.d.1·38 days. Mean length of oestrus was 2 hr. 14 min.3. Marked pro-oestrus and metoestrus periods occurred averaging 14 hr. and 11 hr. 7 min., respectively. The mean total length of time that cows remained attractive to the bulls was 26 hr. 21 min.4. The number of services and attempts to serve by three bulls was recorded and frequent small grunts were noted to be an important expression of excitement by the bulls.5. The highest percentage of animals conceived to artificial insemination when inseminated between 15 and 25 hr. after commencement of pro-oestrus.

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