Characteristics of the menstrual cycle in nonhuman primates. IV. Timed mating in Macaca nemestrina

1981 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Blakley ◽  
T. W. Beamer ◽  
W. R. Dukelow
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Macaque Species ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Perineal Swelling ◽  
Mean Cycle

The events of the perineal swelling cycle in Macaca nemestrina have been correlated with the optimal time for conception. The mean cycle length of the animals was 32·8 days with the follicular and luteal phases of the cycle 17·6-19·2 and 13·6-15·2 days respectively. The time of ovulation, relative to the tumescence peak, ranged from 1 to 13 days. The optimal time for mating, based on the ratio between day of breeding and cycle length was 0·46, a value comparable with similar calculations for other macaque species.

Observations on the onset of the breeding season and on the oestrous cycle of the Welsh Mountain ewe

1964 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. M. Hutchinson ◽  
P. J. O'Connor ◽  
H. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle

1.Within a flock of 55 Welsh Mountain ewes maintained under lowland conditions the first ewe came into oestrus on the 14th October. The mean cycle length of 44 normal cycles was 16 days 3 hr.2. The onset of oestrus as assessed by the time of mounting of the ram does not appear to be evenly distributed throughout the day (24 hr.).

CONTRACEPTION BY AN INJECTABLE, LONG-ACTING OESTROGEN-PROGESTOGEN AGENT

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Plesner
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
Basal Body Temperature ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Excretion Pattern ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
Fertile Women

ABSTRACT The author reports the results of a clinical study on 17 fertile women treated through a total of 120 cycles with Deladroxate, an injectable, long-acting oestrogen-progestogen. The injections were administered on the 8th (7th–9th) day of each cycle. Before treatment was started, the patients were observed through 2 cycles with regard to cycle length as well as duration and amount of flow. Moreover, ovulation was assessed by means of daily recording of basal body temperature (BBT), pregnanediol analyses, total pituitary gonadotrophin analyses, and endometrial biopsies. In some cases the dosage had to be increased because of a shortening of the cycle. The mean cycle length during the treatment was 24.2 days, though with fairly marked variations (mean cycle length before institution of treatment: 28.2 days). Duration of flow ranged from 3–35 days. About 84% of 108 withdrawal bleedings lasted for 4–8 days. Of the flows 56 % were of normal amount, while the majority of the remaining 44 % were scantier than in the patients with normal periods. The ovulation-inhibiting effect of Deladroxate was assessed by daily recording of BBT, pregnanediol and pituitary gonadotrophin assays, and endometrial biopsies. Five of the 41 BBT curves (41 cycles) were biphasic. Four out of 34 endometrial biopsies, obtained on the 23rd day of the cycle, showed a secretory phase. Forty out of 41 cycles were anovulatory, as assessed by the pregnanediol excretion, while in 1 cycle the excretion pattern was not characteristic. In 20 out of 37 cycles there was a definite depression of gonadotrophin excretion, while in 17 cycles the excretion pattern was not characteristic. The effect of Deladroxate on the adrenal cortex was studied by means of 17-ketogenic steroid and 17-ketosteroid excretion. With both groups of steroids there seemed to be a tendency to a reduced excretion during treatment. No changes in the fibrinogen, prothrombin, GO-transaminase, bilirubin, or thymol values were observed during treatment. Side effects during treatment, recorded in 11 of the 17 subjects, were in most cases slight and transient. The most common complaints were breast tenderness, oedema, and irregularities of bleeding. No pregnancy occurred during treatment.

Cycle day of ovulation

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. James
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Length ◽  
Composite Sample ◽  
Normal Length ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Cycles ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mean Cycle

The length of the post-ovulatory phase in a composite sample of menstrual cycles increases linearly with cycle length until cycle length reaches about 30 days, but thereafter it ceases to increase (Vollman, 1953; Bailey & Marshall, 1970). By contrast, plotted against the mean cycle length of the individual, the length of the post-ovulatory phase continues to increase roughly linearly with mean cycle length. It is concluded (a) that many long cycles are aberrant occurrences among cycles of normal length and are due to lengthening of the pre-ovulatory phase and (b) that where the mean cycle length is long, ovulation, as in shorter cycles, occurs just before the middle of the cycle, so that the post-ovulatory phase is longer than usual.The most fertile day seems to be the one before mid-cycle. These conclusions are the basis for the following formula for calendar rhythm:If x is the shortest and y the longest cycle in a woman's menstrual record, the ‘unsafe’ days start on Day (½x − 5) and last for (y − x + 8) days.

General discussion: Suckling stimulus and lactation

1958 ◽  
Vol 149 (936) ◽  
pp. 421-423 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
Normal Gestation

Lactation in the rat can be prolonged indefinitely by the provision of a succession of young foster fitters to continue the stimulus of suckling. Under these conditions lactation becomes a steady state. In three rats nursing their third or fourth litters, lactation was so maintained for periods of 9, 10 and 12 months, respectively, and failure occurred only after the experimental conditions were deliberately altered. To attain steady lactation, foster litters were nursed only for the last few days of the period during which they depend wholly on the mother, i.e. shortly before their eyes open, and thus furnish a strong suckling stimulus not varying too greatly at each exchange of foster litter. In these circumstances sufficient milk was being secreted continuously to increase litter weight by 9 to 10 g per day (figure 49). The oestrous cycle was prolonged, the mean cycle length for the three females during prolonged lactation being 17.8 days. This condition has been described by Selye (1934) as ‘suckling pseudo-pregnancy'. In other experiments with prolonged lactation mating was allowed to take place after periods varying from 50 to 106 days of continuous lactation. There was no diminution of milk production as judged by litter growth over the night of mating if the male was introduced into the female’s cage and the young allowed to remain so that suckling continued. Neither was there a delay in implantation such as occurs after a mating at post-partum oestrus in the presence of a suckling litter, parturition occurring after the normal gestation period of 22 to 23 days (five out of five females).

CONTRACEPTION BY AN INJECTABLE LONG-ACTING OESTROGEN-PROGESTOGEN AGENT. II.

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Plesner
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
Fertile Women

ABSTRACT The results of a clinical investigation on 22 fertile women treated cyclically with a total of 341 injections of Deladroxate, an injectable, long-acting oestrogen-progestogen are presented. The injections were administered on the 8th (7th–9th) day of each cycle. Before treatment, the patients were observed through 2 cycles for cycle length as well as duration and amount of flow. In some cases the dose was increased because of a shortening of the cycle. The over all mean cycle length during the treatment was 25.3 days, though with fairly marked variations. The mean cycle length before treatment was 28.4 days. The duration of flow ranged from 1–30 days. About 72% of 320 withdrawal bleedings lasted for 4–8 days. Of the flows 60% were of normal amounts, while the majority of the remaining flows were scantier than the normal pre-treatment flows of the subjects. Side effects during treatment were recorded in one or more cycles in 17 of the 22 subjects and were in most cases slight and transient. The most common complaints were breast tenderness, oedema, and irregularities of bleeding. No pregnancy occurred during treatment. After discontinuation of the injections, bleedings and cycles normalized spontaneously in 11 women. In 1 woman curettage was performed because of profuse flow, and 2 women were treated with oral oestrogen-progestogens because of persistent bleeding. Eight women started oral contraception before the cycles became regular.

Reproductive habits and fertility of indigenous cattle to artificial insemination in Uganda

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. L. Rollinson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle

1. Records are presented of observations of the sexual behaviour of indigenous Uganda cattle and the fertility to artificial insemination.2. The mean cycle length found was 20·9 days,s.d.1·38 days. Mean length of oestrus was 2 hr. 14 min.3. Marked pro-oestrus and metoestrus periods occurred averaging 14 hr. and 11 hr. 7 min., respectively. The mean total length of time that cows remained attractive to the bulls was 26 hr. 21 min.4. The number of services and attempts to serve by three bulls was recorded and frequent small grunts were noted to be an important expression of excitement by the bulls.5. The highest percentage of animals conceived to artificial insemination when inseminated between 15 and 25 hr. after commencement of pro-oestrus.

PROGESTERONE IN THE HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD IN THE PREOVULATORY PERIOD OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Runnebaum ◽  
Josef Zander
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
Graafian Follicle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Progesterone was determined and identified in human peripheral blood during the preovulatory period of the menstrual cycle, by combined isotope derivative and recrystallization analysis. The mean concentration of progesterone in 1.095 ml of plasma obtained 9 days before ovulation was 0.084 μg/100 ml. However, the mean concentration of progesterone in 1.122 ml of plasma obtained 4 days before ovulation was 0.279 μg/100 ml. These data demonstrate a source of progesterone secretion other than the corpus luteum. The higher plasma-progesterone concentration 4 days before ovulation may indicate progesterone secretion of the ripening Graafian follicle of the ovary.

THE EFFECT OF ALTERATION OF THYROXINE BINDING CAPACITY ON THE DIALYZABLE AND ABSOLUTE FRACTIONS OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN CIRCULATION

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Dussault ◽  
D. A. Fisher ◽  
J. T. Nicoloff ◽  
V. V. Row ◽  
R. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽  
Serum Thyroxine ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Female Subjects

ABSTRACT In order to determine the effect of alterations in binding capacity of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) on triiodothyronine (T3) metabolism, studies were conducted in 10 patients with idiopathically low (7 subjects) or elevated (3 subjects) TBG levels and 10 subjects given norethandrolone (7 male subjects) or oestrogen (3 female subjects). Measurements of serum thyroxine (T4) concentration, maximal T4 binding capacity, serum T3 concentration and per cent dialyzable T3 were conducted. Serum T3 was measured both by chemical and radioimmunoassay methods. In patients with idiopathically low TBG, the mean serum T4 concentration was low (2.4 μg/100 ml), the mean serum T3 level low (55 ng/100 ml), the mean per cent dialyzable T3 increased (0.52%), and the calculated free T3 concentration normal (186 pg/100 ml). In patients with idiopathically high TBG levels the mean T4 concentration was high (10.3 μg/100 ml), the mean T3 level slightly elevated (127 ng/100 ml), the% dialyzable T3 low (0.10%) and the calculated free T3 concentration low normal (123 pg/100 ml). The correlation coefficient between the per cent dialyzable T3 and maximal TBG binding capacity in the 20 subjects was 0.68, a value significant at the P < 0.01 level. Thus, alterations in binding capacity of TBG seem to influence T3 and T4 metabolism similarly; the inverse relationship between the % of dialyzable hormone and total hormone concentration tends to keep the absolue levels of free hormones stable.

PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI PADA PEER GROUP (TEMAN SEBAYA) TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN PERSEPSI REMAJA TENTANG PENDEWASAAN USIA PERKAWINAN DI SMA NEGERI 1 KECAMATAN NAMORAMBE KAB. DELI SERDANG 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Irma Linda
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproductive Health Education ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adolescent Perceptions

Background: Early marriages are at high risk of marital failure, poor family quality, young pregnancies at risk of maternal death, and the risk of being mentally ill to foster marriage and be responsible parents. Objective: To determine the effect of reproductive health education on peer groups (peers) on the knowledge and perceptions of adolescents about marriage age maturity. Method: This research uses the Quasi experimental method with One group pre and post test design, conducted from May to September 2018. The statistical analysis used in this study is a paired T test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0, 05). Results: There is an average difference in the mean value of adolescent knowledge between the first and second measurements is 0.50 with a standard deviation of 1.922. The mean difference in mean scores of adolescent perceptions between the first and second measurements was 4.42 with a standard deviation of 9.611. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between adolescent knowledge on the pretest and posttest measurements with a value of P = 0.002, and there is a significant difference between adolescent perceptions on the pretest and posttest measurements with a value of p = 0.001. Increasing the number of facilities and facilities related to reproductive health education by peer groups (peers) in adolescents is carried out on an ongoing basis at school, in collaboration with local health workers as prevention of risky pregnancy.

The evolution of star formation in QSOs according to WISE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (S359) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
K. A. Cutiva-Alvarez ◽  
R. Coziol ◽  
J. P. Torres-Papaqui ◽  
H. Andernach ◽  
A. C. Robleto-Orús
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
A Value ◽  
Star Formation Activity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lower Redshift

AbstractUsing WISE data, we calibrated the W2-W3 colors in terms of star formation rates (SFRs) and applied this calibration to a sample of 1285 QSOs with the highest flux quality, covering a range in redshift from z ˜ 0.3 to z ˜ 3.8. According to our calibration, the SFR increases continuously, reaching a value at z ˜ 3.8 about 3 times higher on average than at lower redshift. This increase in SFR is accompanied by an increase of the BH mass by a factor 100 and a gradual increase of the mean Eddington ratio from 0.1 to 0.3 up to z ˜ 1.5 – 2.0, above which the ratio stays constant, despite a significant increase in BH mass. Therefore, QSOs at high redshifts have both more active BHs and higher levels of star formation activity.

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