MECHANISM OF THE HYPOCALCAEMIC ACTION OF PARENTERALLY ADMINISTERED MAGNESIUM

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pors Nielsen ◽  
F. Schønau Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration

ABSTRACT Subcutaneous injection of 300 μmol magnesium raised the serum magnesium to 4.00 mmol/l after 30 min in 150 g male rats and reduced the serum calcium concentration by 0.17 mmol/l after 60 min. Magnesium also acutely diminished the serum concentration of 45Ca given three weeks previously. The administration of magnesium did not reduce the serum concentration of 45Ca and did not increase the rate of disappearance of 45Ca from the serum, when subcutaneous or intravenous labelling took place 180–210 min before the magnesium injection. The magnesium-induced hypocalcaemia therefore cannot be explained by an increased removal of calcium from the circulation. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the magnesium-induced hypocalcaemia is caused by the release of calcitonin. Injections of 300 μmol magnesium chloride at 12 h intervals for 72 h trebled the 24 h renal excretion of both 40Ca and 45Ca given three weeks previously. The 24 h renal excretion of hydroxyproline was unaltered. Thus there was no indication that the intermittent magnesium injections produced any long-term inhibition of the turnover of bone matrix and bone mineral.

scholarly journals The effectivity of Difructose Anhydride III to increase absorption of calcium in the femur bone of calcium deficient rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Ainia Herminiati
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Femur Bone ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Matrix Condition ◽  
Dfa Iii

Background: Dried yogurt enriched by Difructose Anhydride III when used as a functional food has been observed to increase calcium absorption, making it useful in osteoporosis prevention. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of Difructose Anhydride III in increasing the absorption of calcium in female rat models, strain Sprague Dawley, in the pre-menopausal age during which they’re calcium deficient.Methods: The effectiveness test of Difructose Anhydride III to increase absorption of calcium in pre-menopausal Sprague Dawley rats was performed in calcium-deficient conditions. A completely randomized experimental design was used with 4 treatments for 6 weeks and 4 replications: normal rats fed with purified diet (C), calcium-deficient rats fed with calcium-deficient diet (CD), calcium-deficient rats fed with calcium-deficient diet and DFA III (dahlia tubers) fortified in dry yogurt (CD+DFA III dahlia), and calcium-deficient rats fed with a calcium-deficient diet and DFA III (chicory roots) fortified in dry yogurt (CD+DFA III chicory). The parameters measured were serum calcium concentration, femur bone calcium concentration, femur bone matrix condition, and femur bone strength.Results: DFA III (dahlia tubers and chicory roots) fortified in dry yogurt contained 0.334% and 0.322% of calcium concentration. The provision of a calcium-deficient diet for 12 weeks was shown to reduce the serum calcium concentration of the deficient calcium rat to 7.72±1.08 mg dL-1 and the control rat to 11.60±0.85 mg dL-1. CD+DFA III chicory treatments also showed a high calcium concentration in the femur bone (34.94±3.21%), a relatively higher bone strength (9.34±3.61 kg cm-2), and a denser femur bone matrix condition than the control. The femur bone calcium level of rats treated with CD+DFA III dahlia and chicory tubers was 28.95±1.95% and 34.94±3.21%, respectively. These results were significantly different than the CD treatment (17.49±4.38%).Conclusion: The evidence from this study suggests that sufficient calcium intake could provide high calcium deposits in the bones. Diets containing 3.60% w/w DFA III fortified in dry yogurt have been shown to enhance calcium absorption in calcium-deficient rats. Additionally, the effectiveness of dried yogurt enriched by DFA III from chicory tubers was higher than that of the dried yogurt enriched by DFA III from dahlia tubers.Preclinical Trial Registration: Animal Ethics Committee at IPB University No. 12-2013Keywords: Bone femur; calcium deficiency; effectivity of Difructose Anhydride III

scholarly journals The effect of fluoride on the serum level of calcium in the rat (Rattus norvegicus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1585-1589
Author(s):  
M. Focak ◽  
E. Haskovic ◽  
D. Suljevic
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Average Serum ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of fluoride on the calcium level in serum was analyzed in the laboratory rat Rattus norvegicus. The control group consisted of 10, and the experimental group of 15 animals. In the experimental group, fluoride at a concentration of 3 mg/100 g body weight of rats was intramuscularly injected into the musculus gluteus maximus. The concentration of calcium was measured by the CPC method. The average serum calcium concentration was 2.46 mmol/l, with female rats having higher values of serum calcium than male rats. Fluoride caused the reduction of calcium concentration in serum (p<0.05); the reduction was significantly expressed in female rats (p<0.000).

scholarly journals Long-term Variations in Serum Calcium Concentration in Normal Subjects

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Lester ◽  
M. R. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Long Term Variations

In 20 healthy normal Caucasian subjects the serum calcium concentration was measured at three-monthly intervals over two and a half years. There was no evidence of any seasonal variation in serum calcium concentration as a result of variation in endogenous cholecalciferol synthesis.

Serum calcium concentration is maintained when bone resorption is suppressed by osteoprotegerin in young growing male rats

Bone ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily E. Hohman ◽  
Joanna K. Hodges ◽  
Meryl E. Wastney ◽  
Pamela J. Lachcik ◽  
Chun-Ya Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration

Effects of 1αOHD2 on bone tissue Studies of 1αOHD2 and 1αOHD3 in normal rats and in rats treated with prednisolone

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O.J. Sjödén ◽  
O. Johnell ◽  
H. F. DeLuca ◽  
J. U. Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Vitamin D Analogue

Abstract. Three months old male rats were fed a diet containing 0.3% calcium and 0.5% phosphate. Prednisolone was added to the diet at a dose of 1.5 mg a day and the effect of oral treatment with 0.5 μg 1αOHD2 or 0.5 μg 1αOHD3 was studied. After 6 weeks rats given prednisolone had a lower bone mass and bone density. The serum phosphate concentration was also lower. Rats given 1αOHD3 had an increased serum calcium concentration even when simultaneously treated with prednisolone. 1αOHD2 did not cause hypercalcaemia. The decrease in bone density caused by prednisolone was prevented by the administration of 1αOHD2. Rats receiving 1αOHD3 together with prednisolone still exhibited a lower bone density. Furthermore, 1αOHD3 decreased bone mass in normal rats and caused a higher mean value of osteoclasts/area whereas 1αOHD2 reduced the number of osteoclasts/area. The study indicates that 1αOHD2 is an effective vitamin D analogue with a lower tendency to cause bone resorption.

Parathyroid Function in Uremic Children With and Without Osteodystrophy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-409
Author(s):  
Betty S. Roof ◽  
Carolyn F. Piel ◽  
Linda Rames ◽  
Donald Potter ◽  
Gilbert S. Gordan
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Serum Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Parathyroid Function ◽  
Radiologic Evidence

Circulating radioimmunoassayable parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was not present in 30% (117) of 389 normal children tested at ages from cord blood to 17 years. In the other 70% (272), mean iPTH was found to be 25 ± 0.7µl eq/ml (± SEM; range, 0-53 ± 2 SD) . The iPTH levels were elevated in 59% of 24 uremic children without radiologic evidence of osteodystrophy in 94% uremic children with osteodystrophy. Infusion of calcium (10 mg/kg over three hours or 15 mg/kg over four hours) in the children without osteodystrophy reduced the iPTH by nearly 50%; suppression was sustained for 9 to 20 hours. In uremic children with osteodystrophy, similar infusions failed to elevate the serum calcium concentration to the same degree and there was less suppression of iPTH which was not sustained as long. Mean increment in serum calcium observed was 2.1 mg/100 ml with 10 mg/kg/3 hr and 3.4 for 15 mg/kg/4 hr in children without osteodystrophy, and 1.24 and 1.4 mg/100 ml in those with osteodystrophy for similar infusions. In both groups, calcium infusions lowered the concentration of serum magnesium and elevated the serum phosphate concentration. Tubular reabsorption of phosphate did not change consistently despite fall in serum iPTH levels. There was no correlation between suppressibility of parathyroid function and serum creatinine level. In five children with osteodystrophy in whom calcium infusions did not suppress iPTH levels, normal iPTH levels were achieved rapidly after successful renal transplantation. These data indicate that the secondary hyperparathyroidism of uremic children is suppressible and not autonomous.

Regulation of renal vitamin D hydroxylase activity in vitamin D deficient rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 978-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Warner ◽  
A. Tenenhouse
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Serum Calcium Concentration ◽  
Pth Resistance ◽  
Detectable Serum

The regulation of renal mitochondrial 1-hydroxylase activity in chronic vitamin D deficiency was studied in male rats. These rats were born of mothers who had been raised from weaning (21 days) on a vitamin D deficient diet and who had no detectable serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D) at the time their offspring were weaned (28 days). In the pups, renal mitochondrial 1-hydroxylase activity was undetectable before the 3rd week of life even though the animals were severely hypocalcemic from birth. The 1-hydroxylase activity first became detectable at 26 days of age, rapidly reached a maximum at day 34, then decreased to become undetectable again by 65 days. Throughout this time serum calcium concentration was <5.0 mg/dL and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration, measured by a midmolecule radioimmunoassay, was two-to five-fold greater than that found in vitamin D replete rats. 1-Hydroxylase activity could be restored in the +65-day-old animals by administration of a single dose of 2.5 μg vitamin D3. Enzyme activity was detected within 24 h, was maximal at 72 h, and returned to undetectable levels by 96 h after administration of the vitamin. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D which was undetectable before administration of the vitamin D3, was 108 and 458 pg/mL at 16 and 40 h, respectively, after the injection. The serum concentration of this metabolite then decreased progressively to 80 pg/mL by 6 days. 24-Hydroxylase activity first became detectable 48 h after vitamin D administration, increased to a maximum at 96 h, and thereafter decreased to become undetectable by 7 days. The urinary excretion of phosphate and cyclic AMP was 10% of control values between 65 and 90 days of age. These values became normal 4 days after a single dose of 2.5 μg vitamin D3. From these data it is concluded that there are two distinct levels of regulation of 1-hydroxylase activity: a vitamin D independent induction of the activity at the time of weaning that is transient and is not associated with any detectable 24-hydroxylase activity; and the second is a vitamin D dependent induction of enzyme activity seen in animals which prior to administration of the vitamin manifest the characteristics of PTH resistance and have no detectable renal hydroxylase activity. The mechanisms of these effects remain to be determined.

scholarly journals Morphological changes in the rat’s liver of different age after administration of magnesium chloride

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Roman V. Yanko ◽  
Elena G. Chaka ◽  
Irina G. Litovka ◽  
Mikhail I. Levashov
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Erythrocyte Suspension ◽  
Physiological Regeneration ◽  
Different Ages

The aim of the work was to study the morphological changes in the rat’s liver of different ages after prolonged administration of magnesium chloride. The experiments were performed on 48 Wistar male rats at 3 and 15 months of age. Experi mental animals, in addition to the standard diet, received magnesium chloride daily for 21 days at a dose of 50 mg / kg of body weight. Histological preparations were made from the liver tissue according to the standard method. The liver morphometry was performed on digital images using the computer program Image J. The content of magnesium cations was determined in the serum and suspension of red blood cells. Based on the results of our studies, it can be assumed that the administration of magnesium chloride activates the processes of physiological regeneration and functional activity of the liver parenchyma in rats of different ages. This is evidenced by an increase in the number of binuclear cells and nucleolus in the nucleus of hepatocytes, an increase in the nuclear-cytoplasmic and nucleolar-nuclear ratio. The relative area of the sinusoid network, the number and density of connective tissue cells were increased in the liver of 3-month-old experimental rats. This may indicate an increase of trophic and protective activity of the stroma in this organ. Experimental rats (15-month-old animals) revealed a moderate increasing in the erythrocyte suspension and blood serum magnesium content. The administration of magnesium chloride has the morphological features indicating an increasing of the physiological regeneration and activity of the liver parenchyma in young (to a greater extent) and adult animals.

ABOLITION OF MAGNESIUM-INDUCED HYPOCALCAEMIA BY ACUTE THYRO-PARATHYROIDECTOMY IN THE CAT

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pors Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Calcium ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Isotonic Sodium Chloride ◽  
Plasma Calcium Concentration ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Magnesium

ABSTRACT Intravenous infusion of isotonic magnesium chloride into young cats with a resultant mean plasma magnesium concentration of 7.7 meq./100 g protein was followed by a significant lowering of the plasma calcium concentration in 90 minutes. The rate of decrease of plasma calcium is consistent with the hypothesis that calcitonin is released by magnesium in high concentrations. There was no decrease in the plasma calcium concentration in cats of the same weight thyroparathyroidectomized 60 min before an identical magnesium chloride infusion or an infusion of isotonic sodium chloride at the same flow rate. The hypercalciuric effect of magnesium could not account for the hypocalcaemic effect of magnesium. Plasma magnesium concentration during magnesium infusion into cats with an intact thyroid-parathyroid gland complex was slightly, but not significantly higher than in acutely thyroparathyroidectomized cats.

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