SUPRAHYPOPHYSEAL DYSFUNCTION IN A PATIENT WITH ASEXUAL ATELEIOSIS

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-455
Author(s):  
Martha Medina ◽  
Adalberto Parra ◽  
Hugo E. Scaglia ◽  
Laura Nieto ◽  
Gregorio Pérez-Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Undetectable Plasma ◽  
Lh Rh

ABSTRACT The neuroendocrine function of a 19 years old female dwarf with primary amenorrhoea and lack of sexual development (asexual ateleiosis) was studied. Undetectable fasting plasma levels of growth hormone (GH) and a lack of response to three different provocative stimuli was observed. Oestrogen administratin did not modify the GH response. Thyroid and adrenal function were within normal limits. Undetectable plasma levels of immunoreactive oestradiol and lack of oestrogenic activity in vaginal smears indicated absence of ovarian function. Low levels of circulating gonadotrophins with a significant rise after synthetic LH-RH administration was demonstrated, while clomiphene citrate failed to induce ovulation. Following 6 months of continuous GH administration a significant increase in the growth rate was evident, whereas no pubertal development was observed. These data are interpreted as demonstrating the suprahypophyseal origin of the sexual infantilism in a patient with inappropriate GH secretion. It is suggested that a combined deficiency of LH-RH and GH-RH may account for the aetiology of this disorder.

EFFECT OF D-Trp6-LH-RH ON THE PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS DURING THE LUTEAL PHASE IN THE BABOON

1979 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hagino ◽  
O. Nakamoto ◽  
Y. Kunz ◽  
A. Arimura ◽  
D. H. Coy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Lh Rh

ABSTRACT An effect of D-Trp6-LH-RH (superactive LH-RH agonist) in the pituitary and ovarian function was examined. Four regularly cycling baboons were used for this study. After determination of control values of plasma levels of LH, oestrogen and progesterone during the entire menstrual cycle, D-Trp6-LH-RH was infused subcutaneously for 7 days during the early luteal phase in these four baboons. An infusion of D-Trp6-LH-RH increased plasma LH and oestrogen, but it failed to alter the plasma level of progesterone. From these results, it seems unlikely that 1) D-Trp6-LH-RH has a luteolytic effect, and 2) an increased ovarian oestrogen causes luteolysis in the baboon.

PITUITARY AND GONADAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH THE LAURENCE-MOON-BIEDL SYNDROME

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pérez-Palacios ◽  
M. Uribe ◽  
H. Scaglia ◽  
R. Lisker ◽  
A. Pasapera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Patient ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Complete Form ◽  
Lh Rh

ABSTRACT Pituitary and gonadal functions were evaluated in two pre-pubertal male siblings and in one unrelated adult male with the complete form of the Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome. The adult patient (19 years old) presented lack of secondary sex characteristics, azoospermia, and sub-normal external genitalia development. Testicular biopsy showed an arrest of spermatogenesis and diminished number of Leydig cells. Low plasma testosterone levels and normal responsiveness to HCG administration were found. A significant rise of pituitary gonadotrophin after LH-RH stimulation and a lack of response to clomiphene citrate was demonstrated. The pre-pubertal siblings (9 and 11 years old) had genital hypoplasia and undetectable plasma levels of testosterone, though there was a significant rise after HCG stimulation. Plasma gonadotrophin levels were within the assay sensitivity limits and a normal pituitary responsiveness following LH-RH stimulus was noted. Slightly low excretion of urinary 17-OH-corticosteroids which increased significantly after ACTH and metyrapone was demonstrated in both patients. Elevated levels of serum lipoproteins and triglycerides were found in all cases. These results are interpreted as demonstrating the suprahypophyseal origin of the dysfunction thus producing hypogonadism observed in the adult patient, and suggesting that a similar dysfunction might account for the genital hypoplasia in the pre-pubertal boys with this inherited disorder.

THE EFFECT OF CLOMIPHENE ON THE PLASMA ANDROGENS OF PREPUBERTAL AND PUBERTAL BOYS

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. CATHRO ◽  
J. M. SAEZ ◽  
J. BERTRAND
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prepubertal Boys ◽  
Pubertal Boys ◽  
Double Isotope

SUMMARY Plasma levels of testosterone, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) were estimated both before and after administration of clomiphene citrate to endocrinologically normal boys aged from 2–16 yr and to boys with adrenocortical hypofunction or hypogonadism. A divided daily dose of 200 mg/1·7 m2 of surface area was maintained for 15 days. The unconjugated steroids were measured by means of a double isotope derivative technique and the sulphates by gas-liquid chromatography. The boys without testicular anomaly who were well established in puberty responded with a rise in plasma testosterone. In contrast, prepubertal boys showed a statistically significant decrease in plasma testosterone levels. A concomitant finding was a significant rise in the plasma levels of androstenedione, DHA and DHAS. It is concluded that clomiphene does not liberate luteinizing hormone before puberty but it may well diminish its secretion. A secondary effect of clomiphene is the stimulation of adrenal C19-steroid production.

Studies on the mechanism of the selective suppression of plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone in the female rat after administration of steroid-free bovine follicular fluid

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. de Greef ◽  
F. H. de Jong ◽  
J. de Koning ◽  
J. Steenbergen ◽  
P. D. M. van der Vaart
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hypophysial Portal

Steroid-free bovine follicular fluid (bFF) selectively suppresses the plasma levels of FSH in the female rat, demonstrating that bFF contains inhibin-like material. The present study was concerned with the effects of bFF on the hypothalamic release of LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) into hypophysial stalk blood and on the metabolic clearance rates of gonadotrophins. The metabolic clearance rates of FSH, LH and prolactin were determined after a single injection of and during a constant infusion with adenohypophysial extract. Similar results were obtained with both methods, and treatment with bFF did not alter the metabolic clearance rates of FSH, LH and prolactin. Anaesthesia with urethane, used for surgery involved in the collection of hypophysial stalk blood, did not interfere with the effect of bFF on plasma levels of FSH. The administration of bFF did not change the hypothalamic content of LH-RH, but caused a 30% decrease in the levels of LH-RH in hypophysial stalk plasma. However, a fraction isolated from bFF, which contained 20 times more inhibin-like activity per mg protein than bFF, did not alter the hypothalamic release of LH-RH into the hypophysial portal blood while this fraction was effective in specifically suppressing the plasma levels of FSH. It was concluded that the inhibin-like activity in bFF does not suppress the plasma levels of FSH by affecting its plasma clearance or by influencing the hypothalamic release of LH-RH, but that it has a direct effect on the adenohypophysis in inhibiting the release of FSH. Besides the inhibin-like activity, bFF also contains another factor which can decrease the levels of LH-RH in hypophysial stalk plasma.

Identification of N-Monoacetylcystine in Uraemic Plasma

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gejyo ◽  
G. Ito ◽  
Y. Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Cysteic Acid ◽  
Homocysteic Acid ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Acidic Nature ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids

1. An unidentified ninhydrin-positive substance of an acidic nature was detected in the plasma of uraemic patients. This substance was isolated from haemodialysate by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration, and identified as a sulphur-containing amino acid: N-monoacetylcystine. 2. The quantitative determination of sulphur amino acids in plasma revealed that the plasma levels of cysteic acid, homocysteic acid, taurine, cystine and cystathionine as well as N-monoacetylcystine in uraemic patients were markedly higher than in normal subjects (P < 0.001 for each). However, the plasma levels of methionine in uraemic patients were within normal limits.

Induction of ovulation with clomiphene citrate and LH-RH in women

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. xxxvii
Author(s):  
I.C. Barbosa ◽  
H. Maia ◽  
E. Tironi ◽  
C.M. Hirsch ◽  
E.M. Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Lh Rh

Chronic physical stress differences between genders in a military training on the Amazon jungle

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Y.R. de Souza ◽  
F.B. Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Before And After

This study aimed to investigate the gender difference in the manifestation of physical stress in a strenuous military training on Amazon jungle, using alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) markers, measured before and after an adaptation to jungle training. The sample consisted of 49 military volunteers, 35 male and 14 female, recently moved to the Amazon region. All plasma levels rose after the training. Serum ALT (male and female) and AST (male and female), although borderline, remained within normal limits. Already plasma levels of CK (both male and female) and LDH (male and female) largely exceeded the normal range. The average of all markers listed in female gender remained below the levels of the male gender. However, significant differences in biomarkers ALT, AST and CK between genders were found. The study points out that, in a jungle environment, biometric markers ALT, AST, CK and LDH are efficient for monitoring chronic physical stress in both genders, when used in combination. The influence of the weather on the occurrence of physical stress in unacclimated people of both genders, and the lower responses in the levels of ALT, AST, LDH and CK in females were discussed basing on the scientific literature.

Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a rare cause of primary amenorrhoea in adolescence—a review and update on diagnosis, management and advances in genetic understanding.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e239495
Author(s):  
Grace Cham ◽  
Brooke O'Brien ◽  
Rebecca MN Kimble
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Breast Development ◽  
Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Normal Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Uterine Growth

Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) refers to a family of genetic disorders that affect the production and/or action of gonadotropic-releasing hormone, resulting in reduced serum levels of sex steroids. This condition has a prevalence of 1–10 cases/100 000 births and is characterised by the absence of spontaneous pubertal development. In women, the condition is characterised by the onset of normal adrenarche, with the absence of thelarche and menarche. Pubertal induction for breast development and uterine growth with oestradiol, and sequential maintenance of a normal menstrual cycle and adequate oestrogen for bone health, with an oestrogen and progesterone, is considered first-line treatment. Pregnancy can be achieved in patients who have received and responded to treatment with ovulation induction with exogenous gonadotrophins. Advances in genetic testing have led to increased research and understanding of the underlying genetics of IHH with gene mutations described in up to 50% of all IHH cases.

scholarly journals Effect of Acute Sprint Exercise on Myokines and Food Intake Hormones in Young Healthy Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8848
Author(s):  
Jan Bilski ◽  
Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Bialy ◽  
Marcin Surmiak ◽  
Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj ◽  
Janusz Pokorski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Postprandial Period ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Meal Intake

Physical exercise is known to influence hormonal mediators of appetite, but the effect of short-term maximal intensity exercise on plasma levels of appetite hormones and cytokines has been little studied. We investigated the effect of a 30 s Wingate Test, followed by a postprandial period, on appetite sensations, food intake, and appetite hormones. Twenty-six physically active young males rated their subjective feelings of hunger, prospective food consumption, and fatigue on visual analogue scales at baseline, after exercise was completed, and during the postprandial period. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of nesfatin-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), human growth factor (hGH) and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), irisin and plasma lactate concentrations, at 30 min before exercise, immediately (210 s) after exercise, and 30 min following a meal and at corresponding times in control sedentary males without ad libitum meal intake, respectively. Appetite perceptions and food intake were decreased in response to exercise. Plasma levels of irisin, IL-6, lactate, nesfatin-1 and ghrelin was increased after exercise and then it was returned to postprandial/control period in both groups. A significant rise in plasma insulin, hGH and PP levels after exercise was observed while meal intake potentiated this response. In conclusion, an acute short-term fatiguing exercise can transiently suppress hunger sensations and food intake in humans. We postulate that this physiological response involves exercise-induced alterations in plasma hormones and the release of myokines such as irisin and IL-6, and supports the notion of existence of the skeletal muscle–brain–gut axis. Nevertheless, the detailed relationship between acute exercise releasing myokines, appetite sensations and impairment of this axis leading to several diseases should be further examined.

The influence of insulin on circulating ghrelin

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. E313-E316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Flanagan ◽  
Mark L. Evans ◽  
Teresa P. Monsod ◽  
Frances Rife ◽  
Rubina A. Heptulla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Physiological Regulator ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Mean Glucose

Ghrelin is a novel peptide that acts on the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor in the pituitary and hypothalamus. It may function as a third physiological regulator of GH secretion, along with GH-releasing hormone and somatostatin. In addition to the action of ghrelin on the GH axis, it appears to have a role in the determination of energy homeostasis. Although feeding suppresses ghrelin production and fasting stimulates ghrelin release, the underlying mechanisms controlling this process remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses, by use of a stepped hyperinsulinemic eu- hypo- hyperglycemic glucose clamp, that either hyperinsulinemia or hypoglycemia may influence ghrelin production. Having been stable in the period before the clamp, ghrelin levels rapidly fell in response to insulin infusion during euglycemia (baseline ghrelin 207 ± 12 vs. 169 ± 10 fmol/ml at t = 30 min, P < 0.001). Ghrelin remained suppressed during subsequent periods of hypoglycemia (mean glucose 53 ± 2 mg/dl) and hyperglycemia (mean glucose 163 ± 6 mg/dl). Despite suppression of ghrelin, GH showed a significant rise during hypoglycemia (baseline 4.1 ± 1.3 vs. 28.2 ± 3.9 μg/l at t = 120 min, P < 0.001). Our data suggest that insulin may suppress circulating ghrelin independently of glucose, although glucose may have an additional effect. We conclude that the GH response seen during hypoglycemia is not regulated by circulating ghrelin.

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