Effect of prolactin inhibition under heat exposure on water intake and excretion of urine, sodium and potassium in bulls

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Schams ◽  
E. Stephan ◽  
R. D. Hooley
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Light Regimen ◽  
Group I ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract. Six Holstein bulls were housed in a climate-chamber under constant light regimen and after two weeks of preconditioning at 15°C, 60% relative humidity RH (day) and 12°C, 60% RH (night) were subjected to two weeks of heat exposure. This involved one week at 30°C and 60% RH (day) and 25°C and 60% RH (night) and a further week at 35°C, 60% RH (day) and 30°C, 60% RH (night). Three bulls were untreated (group I) and 3 bulls were treated (group II) just before and during heat exposure with a prolactin inhibitor to study the possible physiological role of prolactin on the regulation of water, potassium and sodium. Serum prolactin levels increased significantly (P < 0.01) in group I from the control value of 6 ng/ml to 33 and 44 ng/ml when the ambient temperature was increased (weeks 3 and 4) and then decreased to 21 and 12 ng/ml after reduction in temperature during weeks 5 and 6, respectively. For group II prolactin values decreased under the treatment with the prolactin inhibitor to 0.5 ng/ml and remained at this level throughout the experiment. GH levels were unaffected by heat treatment or by treatment with prolactin inhibitor. There were no differences between groups I and II in respiratory rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature. Water intake increased in both groups under heat exposure but decreased significantly afterwards only in group II. Differences in urinary excretion volume and blood serum osmolality were not significant. Urinary potassium and sodium excretion were unchanged in group II but increased with heat exposure in group I. During heat exposure 2 bulls of group II lost weight despite maintaining food intake.

Histopathological Changes during Infected Wound Healing in Cow Calves by the Use of Silver Nano Particle Gel and Povidone Iodine

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogendra Singh ◽  
B. P. Shukla, ◽  
Supriya Shukla, ◽  
Reshma Jain ◽  
Aditya P. Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Infected Wound ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Infected Wounds ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Silver Nano Particle

The present study was conducted on 12 cow calves with infected wounds, irrespective of sex and breed, divided into two groups having 6 cow calves each. The animals of group I were treated with silver nano particle gel and the animals of group II were treated with povidone iodine dressing for 7 consecutive days. Histopathological changes were recorded at different time interval in both the groups. Studies revealed that there was marked re-epitheliazation and hyperplasia with considerable thickening of epidermis and large amount of collagen deposition in granulation tissue in group I as compared to group II. Histopatathological findings clearly suggest that the group treated with silver nano particle gel showed better and faster healing of wound as compared to povidone iodine treated group. Therefore clinical use of silver nano particle gel can be advocated for wound dressing in cow calves.

scholarly journals Effects of Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Sprague Dawley Rats: a Histological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Qaraghuli AMS ◽  
Abdel Wahab EMN ◽  
Al-Ani IM ◽  
Faisal GG
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Lesion ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan (XSYWW) is a Chinese traditional medicine that is used for gastrointestinal disorders, specifically gastric ulcer in many countries of South-East Asia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential effects of XSYWW on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by means of histological Study. On a similar basis of treatment, ranitidine, a conventional medication was used as gold standard. Methods: Fifty five male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 gm) were divided into four groups. Group I (ethanol treated group) was the control group and gastric ulcers were induced by administering 100% ethanol (1 ml/200 g). Group II (Pre-treatment group) was divided into two subgroups; they were orally fed with 1.0 gm/kg and 2.0 gm/kg respectively of XSYWW solution. Thirty minutes later they were administered with absolute ethanol as in group I. Group III, was given an oral dose of 2gm/kg of XSYWW solution after one hour of ethanol administration. Group IV was given an oral dose of 200mg/kg ranitidine solution after one hour of ethanol administration. Five rats from groups I, III and IV were sacrificed on day 1, 2 and 3 while the animals of group II were sacrificed one hour after ethanol administration. Results: Histological study of the stomachs from ethanol treated rats showed multiple ulcers of various depths that reached the muscularis and the serosa. Conclusion: Pre or post-treated rats with XSYWW showed that XSYWW has protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesion. However, there was a faster and more complete healing process in the ranitidine treated group when compared to the XSYWW treated subjects.

Management of Pancreatic Fluid Collections: A Changing of the Guard from Surgery to Endoscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1650-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Varadarajulu ◽  
C. Mel Wilcox ◽  
Sahibzada Latif ◽  
Milind Phadnis ◽  
John D. Christein
Keyword(s):  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Pancreatic Fluid Collections ◽  
Pancreatic Fluid ◽  
Group I ◽  
Impacting Factors ◽  
Transmural Drainage ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Fluid Collections

The aim of this study was to assess for any trend in management of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) and identify impacting factors. The endoscopy and surgical databases were queried for PFC patients. PFCs were categorized as pseudocysts (PP) or complex collections (CC) that included abscess/necrosis. The outcome measures were to compare the utilization of surgery and endoscopy from 2004 to 2007 (group I) and from 2008 to 2010 (group II) and identify factors impacting practice patterns. A total of 285 patients were treated: group I included 119 and group II 166. Of 119 group I patients, 29 per cent were treated by surgery and 71 per cent by endoscopy. Of 85 endoscopy patients, 42 per cent were drained by conventional transmural drainage and 58 per cent by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Of 166 group II patients, 31 per cent were treated surgically and 69 per cent endoscopically. Of the 115 endoscopy patients, 17 per cent were drained by conventional transmural drainage and 83 per cent by EUS. Compared with group I, all pseudocysts in group II were treated by endoscopy (84% vs 100%, P = 0.001). There was no difference in the rate of CC treated by endoscopy between both groups (57.7% vs 56.8%, P = 0.9). PFCs not causing luminal compression ( P < 0.0001) or measuring <9 cm in size ( P < 0.0001) were more likely to require EUS. There was a significant trend at our institution in the management of PFCs with all pseudocysts presently being treated only by endoscopy. The ability of EUS to access smaller size PFCs and those not causing luminal compression has significantly expanded the role of endoscopy in PFC management.

scholarly journals AMELIORATION OF GENTAMICIN-INDUCED RENAL DAMAGE IN RATS BY ETHANOL EXTRACT OF THE WHOLE PLANT BIOPHYTUM SENSITIVUM (LINN.) DC

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Abhirama B. R. ◽  
Shanmuga Sundaram R ◽  
Raju A
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: Present study was undertaken to investigate the nephroprotective activity of whole plant ethanol extract of Biophytum sensitivum Linn. DC (B. sensitivum; EEBS) on gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Animals were divided into five groups, containing six animals in each. Gentamicin (GM) 100 mg/kg/d; i. p., was given to all groups except normal control to induce nephrotoxicity for a period of 8 d in rats. Animals in Group I served as control and Group II as GM-treated or nephrotoxic control. Group III received standard quercetin (50 mg/kg; p. o.); group IV received EEBS (250 mg/kg; p. o.) and group V received EEBS (500 mg/kg; p. o.), for 8 d. Several renal functional tests and injury markers such as a change in body weight, water intake, urine volume and pH, urinary levels of total protein, albumin, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were measured. Different hematological parameters including, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), white blood corpuscles (WBC), lymphocyte, monocyte, polymorphs and eosinophil were also analyzed.Results: The results revealed that co-administration of EEBS at 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the urinary excretion of total protein (4.05±0.04, 3.53±0.05 g/dl), albumin (0.81±0.08, 0.71±0.00 g/dl), calcium (8.05±0.05, 7.81±0.06 mg/dl) and magnesium (0.79±0.05, 0.77±0.06 mg/dl) respectively. EEBS treatment in group IV and V animals produced a significant increase in body weight (2.58±0.17, 2.52±0.22 g), water intake (17.35±0.82, 17.87±0.86 ml/24 h) urine output (7.24±0.15, 7.88±0.08 ml/24 h), compared to animals in group II. Co-therapy with both doses of extracts also showed significant increase in RBC (6.85±0.31, 7.10±0.43 million/mm3) Hb (13.96±0.21, 13.83±0.31 g/dl), MCH (20.45±0.49, 20.67±0.51 pg) and PCV (38.29±0.42, 38.53±0.20%) levels, whereas WBC (8.24±0.21, 8.15±0.10 1X103/mm3) and polymorphs (14.19±0.20, 14.05±0.11%) levels were found to be significantly reduced respectively in animals than those in toxic control group.Conclusion: This study substantiated and confirmed the ethnomedical usefulness of B. sensitivum as a nephroprotective and antioxidant agent.

scholarly journals Influence of Clarithromycin on Early Atherosclerotic Lesions after Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection in a Rabbit Model

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 2321-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignatius W. Fong ◽  
Brian Chiu ◽  
Esther Viira ◽  
Dan Jang ◽  
James B. Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Early Treatment ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Early Lesions ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACT Chlamydia pneumoniae may play a role in atherogenesis and vascular diseases, and antibiotics may prove useful in these conditions. Three groups of New Zealand White rabbits (24 per group) were infected via the nasopharynx with C. pneumoniae on three separate occasions (2 weeks apart). Group I was untreated and sacrificed at 12 weeks; group II received clarithromycin at 20 mg/kg/day for 8 days, beginning 5 days after each inoculation (early treatment); and group III received a similar dose of clarithromycin starting 2 weeks after the third inoculation and continued for 6 weeks thereafter (delayed treatment). To test for a possible anti-inflammatory effect of clarithromycin, two other groups of uninfected rabbits (12 animals in each) were fed 0.5% cholesterol-enriched chow, and one of these groups was treated with clarithromycin at 30 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks. Of 23 untreated infected rabbits, 8 developed early lesions of atherosclerosis, whereas 2 of the 24 early-treated group II had similar changes (P = 0.036 [75% efficacy]). However, in the delayed-treatment group, group III, 3 of 24 rabbits developed early lesions of atherosclerosis, thus demonstrating 62.5% reduction compared to the untreated controls (P = 0.07 [trend to statistical significance]). C. pneumoniae antigen was detected in 8 of 23 group I (untreated) rabbits versus 1 of 24 of the early-treated (group II) rabbits and 4 of 24 animals in the delayed group III (P = 0.009 and 0.138, respectively). All of the untreated, cholesterol-fed rabbits had moderate to advanced atherosclerosis (grade III or IV); clarithromycin had no effect on reducing the prevalence of but did reduce the extent of atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed rabbits by 17% compared to untreated controls. Thus, clarithromycin administration modified C. pneumoniae-induced atherosclerotic lesions and reduced the ability to detect organism in tissue. Early treatment was more effective than delayed treatment.

scholarly journals Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults: correlations with Q-banded chromosomes

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Golomb ◽  
J Vardiman ◽  
JD Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Complete Remission ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Chromosome Abnormalities ◽  
Acute Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Myelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Chromosome banding patterns were obtained for 50 of 55 consecutive adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia during a 5-yr period. Twenty-two of the 50 cases were diagnosed as acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), 24 as acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMol), 2 as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and 2 as erythroleukemia. Twenty-five patients had initial chromosome abnormalities during the course of the disease. The median survival of patients with normal chromosomes initially (group I) was 10 mo, whereas that of patients with abnormal chromosomes initially (group II) was 2 mo. Similar times were obtained for treated patients with AML and AMMol. However, when the AML patients were separated into those with and those without a chromosome abnormality, the median survival times were markedly different (2 mo versus 18 mo, respectively). Patients with AMMol demonstrated no difference in median survival times when subgrouped according to the presence or absence of chromosome abnormalities. The treated group II patients whose marrow samples had only abnormal metaphases had a poorer response (10% complete remission) and median survival (2 mo) than the group II patients who had at least one normal metaphase (42% complete remission with a median survival of 9 mo). The two cases of APL demonstrated a deletion of the long arm of No. 17 which occurred in the same region of the chromosome in each case. Both patients had similar clinical histories, with disseminated intravascular coagulation, and neither responded to therapy.

Inhibitory Effect of Artemisinin on Testosterone Propionate Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayushi Solanki ◽  
Sandip Patel ◽  
Nilay Solanki ◽  
Umang Shah
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Prostate Weight ◽  
Group I ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Benign Prostate

Background/Objective: Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) is an abnormal growth of prostate observed commonly in elderly males. Artemisinin has been reported to reduce the levels of testosterone. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of Artemisinin on testosterone propionate (TP) induced benign prostate hyperplasia. Materials and methods: Male wistar albino rats (n=24) were separated into four groups of six rats each. Group I was served as control and distilled water using tween 80 an emulsifying agent was administered subcutaneously. BPH was induced by testosterone propionate 3mg/kg (Group II), S.C. daily for 28 days. Group III was BPH + Finasteride treated group (10mg/kg orally for 28 days) and BPH + Artemisinin treated group (Group IV) (50 mg/kg orally for 28 days). Result: The study results showed significantly high levels of serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and an elevation in prostate weight and prostatic index in Group II (BPH) when compared with Group I. The histopathological examination showed an increase in the epithelial proliferation of prostatic cells with involutions protruding into the lumen in BPH group when compared to the normal group. Treatment with Artemisinin (50 mg/kg) reduced the levels of PAP, LDH, prostate weight and prostatic index to a significant extent and restored the histoarchitectural features of the cells. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the Artemisinin is efficacious in testosterone propionate induced BPH. This could be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-inflammatory property or its role in testosterone level reduction or as a Vitamin D receptor modulator.

Role of the renin-angiotensin system in potassium control

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (5) ◽  
pp. R359-R363
Author(s):  
D. B. Young ◽  
R. E. McCaa
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Sodium Balance ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Group I ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
Group Ii

To determine the importance of the renin-angiotensin system in control of plasma potassium concentration and excretion, potassium control was studied in two groups of dogs in response to a 20-fold increase in sodium intake (from 10 to 200 meq/day). Group I was intact whereas group II lacked feedback control of the renin-angiotensin system, which was eliminated by continuous infusion of 10 ng . kg-1 . min-1 angiotensin II. This rate of infusion reduced endogenous plasma renin activity (PRA) to undetectable levels throughout the study. The sodium forcing did not result in measurable changes in plasma potassium concentration or excretion in group I, in which PRA fell to 40% and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) to 60% of the low sodium levels. In group II the same sodium forcing produced a 12% decrease in plasma potassium concentration and a 79% increase in urinary potassium excretion. PAC also fell to 60% of the low sodium level in group II. The results demonstrate the importance of the renin-angiotensin system as a link between the nephron and the zona glomerulosa that is essential in controlling plasma potassium concentration and excretion during changes in sodium balance.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Histopathological Effects on Liver Profile due to Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity of Somina on Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Aisha Azmat ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Toxicological Effect ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Limited research studies are reported regarding the toxicological effect of different herbal medicine already used in different countries. Objective: This research study was planned to examine the changes in liver (biochemical and histological) associated with oral administration of somina (acute and sub-acute) in rats. Methodology: Group– I served as control (saline), while other groups (II, III) were daily treated with somina at different doses of 0.285g/kg (group – II), 10g/kg/day (group – III), for 14 (set I), 21 (set II), and 30 (set III) consecutive days.  Each group contains 12 rats. During the study period, signs and behavioral changes, mortality, were observed. At the end of study period, blood sample was drawn directly from heart, for the estimation of liver enzymes: Bilirubin (BIL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum glutamic pyruvic transferase (SGPT), aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), Albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). The liver was carefully dichotomized, weighed, and further processed for histopathological analysis. Results: Herbal drug somina was claimed to be practically non-toxic as in rats no mortality was recorded after the oral administration of somina (14, 21 and 30 consecutive days). Liver profile showed non-significant changes in treated group- II and III (P > 0.05), as compared to the control (group- I). The histopathological examination did not reveal any deteriorative effect. Conclusion: It was concluded that oral administration of somina did not produce any significant detrimental effects on rat liver (biochemical and histopathological parameters), even at doses of 10g/kg/day indicating its safe use.

scholarly journals Therapeutic efficacy of isometamidium chloride in the treatment of Trypanosoma congolense infection in Sokoto Red bucks

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Group I ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Treatment of animal trypanosomiasis using isometamidium chloride (ISM) is largely done with 1% solution however, 2% solution has been found to be more effective. In this study, therapeutic efficacy of ISM drug concentrations was studied in Trypanosoma congolense infected Sokoto Red Bucks (SRB). The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of the curative (1%) and prophylactic (2%) concentrations of ISM in the treatment of experimentally infected SRB with Trypanosoma congolense. Methods: Twelve SRB were divided into three groups of four animals each: Group I (1% ISM treated), Group II (2% ISM treated) at the dose rate of 0.5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly and Group III (uninfected and untreated-Control). Groups I and II bucks were each inoculated intravenously with approximately 1x106 T. congolense. Clinical signs, rectal temperature, body weight, packed cell volume (PCV), total white blood cell count (TWBCC) were monitored. Wet-mount and micro haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT) were used to monitor the parasitaemia post-infection and post-treatment. Seven days post-treatment the blood from the treated groups were sub-inoculated into mice. Results: Group I had relapse of the infection two weeks post-treatment while no relapse of the infection was observed in the Group II till five weeks post-treatment. Significant (p < 0.05) changes in the PCV, WBCC and body weight were properly recorded as well as the clinical signs and the body weight. Significance: The 2% ISM confers better and longer cure than the 1% ISM in treating trypanosomosis in goat.

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