Human recombinant interleukin 1 inhibits TSH-stimulated morphological changes in thyroid follicles cultured as semi-organs

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Asakawa ◽  
Toshiaki Hanafusa ◽  
Yasuo Oda ◽  
Hayato Katsura ◽  
Jun-ichiro Miyagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Cells Cultured

Abstract. To study the effects of human recombinant interleukin-1 on thyrocytes, we cultured thyroid follicles as semi-organs, each consisting of approximately 10-20 follicles, in the presence or absence of IL-1α or β. Semi-organ culture reproduces the in vivo environment well. After culture for 2 or 4 days, the follicles were incubated with TSH (10 U/I) for 4 h and fixed for light and electron microscopical examinations. Regardless of the presence or absence of IL-1, follicular structure, polarity, and luminal colloid did not change during culture. In thyroid epithelial cells cultured without IL-1, TSH markedly induced elongation of microvilli and formation of reabsorbed colloid droplets. On the other hand, both IL-1α and β inhibited these TSH-stimulated changes. The degree of inhibition correlated with the concentration of exposure to IL-1. We conclude that IL-1 inhibits TSH-stimulated morphological changes in thyroid follicles cultured as semi-organs, depending on the concentration of IL-1.

Oxytocin analogues with non-coded amino acid residues in position 8: [8-Neopentylglycine]oxytocin and [8-cycloleucine]oxytocin

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2317-2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hlaváček ◽  
Jan Pospíšek ◽  
Jiřina Slaninová ◽  
Walter Y. Chan ◽  
Victor J. Hruby
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Solid Phase Synthesis ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Phase Synthesis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fragment Condensation

[8-Neopentylglycine]oxytocin (II) and [8-cycloleucine]oxytocin (III) were prepared by a combination of solid-phase synthesis and fragment condensation. Both analogues exhibited decreased uterotonic potency in vitro, each being about 15-30% that of oxytocin. Analogue II also displayed similarly decreased uterotonic potency in vivo and galactogogic potency. On the other hand, analogue III exhibited almost the same potency as oxytocin in the uterotonic assay in vivo and in the galactogogic assay.

In vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature of oxovanadium(IV)porphyrin complexes in healthy rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan K. Saha ◽  
Yutaka Yoshikawa ◽  
Hirouki Yasui ◽  
Hiromu Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Insulin Mimetic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Better Than

We prepared [meso-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV) tetrasodium, ([VO(tcpp)]Na4), and investigated its in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature in healthy rats. The results were compared with those of previously proposed insulin-mimetic oxovanadium(IV)porphyrin complexes and oxovanadium(IV) sulphate. The in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and bioavailability of [VO(tcpp)]Na4 were considerably better than those of [meso-tetrakis (1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrinato]oxovanadium(IV)(4+) tetraperchlorate ([VO(tmpyp)](ClO4)4) and oxovanadium(IV) sulphate. On the other hand, [VO(tcpp)]Na4 and [meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato]oxidovanadate(IV)(4-)([VO(tpps)]) showed very similar in vitro insulin-mimetic activity and in vivo metallokinetic feature in healthy rats. In particular, the order of in vitro insulin-mimetic activity of the complexes was determined to be: [VO(tcpp)]Na4 ≈ [VO(tpps)] > ([VO(tmpyp)](ClO4)4 > oxovanadium(IV) sulphate.

scholarly journals Seminal vesicle proteins SVS3 and SVS4 facilitate SVS2 effect on sperm capacitation

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Araki ◽  
Natsuko Kawano ◽  
Woojin Kang ◽  
Kenji Miyado ◽  
Kaoru Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sperm Capacitation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Vesicle Secretion ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

Mammalian spermatozoa acquire their fertilizing ability in the female reproductive tract (sperm capacitation). On the other hand, seminal vesicle secretion, which is a major component of seminal plasma, inhibits the initiation of sperm capacitation (capacitation inhibition) and reduces the fertility of the capacitated spermatozoa (decapacitation). There are seven major proteins involved in murine seminal vesicle secretion (SVS1-7), and we have previously shown that SVS2 acts as both a capacitation inhibitor and a decapacitation factor, and is indispensable forin vivofertilization. However, the effects of SVSs other than SVS2 on the sperm have not been elucidated. Since mouseSvs2–Svs6genes evolved by gene duplication belong to the same gene family, it is possible that SVSs other than SVS2 also have some effects on sperm capacitation. In this study, we examined the effects of SVS3 and SVS4 on sperm capacitation. Our results showed that both SVS3 and SVS4 are able to bind to spermatozoa, but SVS3 alone showed no effects on sperm capacitation. On the other hand, SVS4 acted as a capacitation inhibitor, although it did not show decapacitation abilities. Interestingly, SVS3 showed an affinity for SVS2 and it facilitated the effects of SVS2. Interaction of SVS2 and spermatozoa is mediated by the ganglioside GM1 in the sperm membrane; however, both SVS3 and SVS4 had weaker affinities for GM1 than SVS2. Therefore, we suggest that separate processes may cause capacitation inhibition and decapacitation, and SVS3 and SVS4 act on sperm capacitation cooperatively with SVS2.

scholarly journals Extraordinary morphological changes in valve morphology during the ontogeny of several species of the Australian ostracod genus Bennelongia (Crustacea, Ostracoda)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick De Deckker ◽  
Koen Martens
Keyword(s):  
Adult Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Left Valve ◽  
Ventral Region ◽  
Valve Morphology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Juvenile Stages

Ostracods belonging to the genus Bennelongia differ much in valve morphology between adults and juveniles. Adult valves are asymmetrical, characterised by a beak-like feature in the antero-ventral region of the left valve, and, with some notable exceptions, mostly have smooth or weakly-ornamented valves. Juvenile specimens, on the other hand, have valves that are almost symmetrical, with no beak-like feature and are often heavily ornamented.We have examined the last 3 - 4 juvenile stages of 6 Bennelongia species from 5 different lineages, in order to decipher the types of external valve ornamentation and their recurrences during ontogeny and across lineages. It is clear that ornamentation is more prevalent at the early instar stages compared to the last 2 pre-adult stages, and especially when compared to the adult stage itself.We also examined the surprising presence of a calcified inner lamella with a prominent inner list in the pre-adult stages of Bennelongia species, that is usually absent in juveniles of other ostracods, thus questioning if heterochronic processes have provided an intermediate valve morphology between the simple (normal) cypridinid juvenile state and the heavily derived and modified state of adult Bennelongia.We discuss the possible (speculative) functionality of the ornamentation in juveniles.

About morphological changes in the kidney in children with infections and some other diseases

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Renal Changes ◽  
The One

The issue of pathological and histological changes in the kidneys in children with various infections and other diseases cannot be considered sufficiently researched and worked out. Only in certain infections (scarlet fever) has much attention been paid to the study of the kidneys. Most of the works on the issue of interest to us date back to the time when, on the one hand, insufficient importance was attached to the early dissection of corpses and the freshness of the material, which, as is now known, is of particular importance for the histology of the kidney, on the other hand, such interpretation of the detected changes, which do not correspond to the views and concepts of modern nephropathology; Finally, those changes in views on some diseases that have occurred to date, for example, in the issue of disorders of digestion and nutrition in infants, dictate the need for a different approach to the study of renal changes in these diseases.

The Influence of 17-Oxo- and 17-Hydroxy-16,17-secoestratriene Derivatives on Estrogen Receptor

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Jovanović-Šanta ◽  
Julijana Petrović ◽  
Marija Sakač ◽  
Zorica Žakula ◽  
Esma Isenović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Total Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binding Parameters ◽  
Antiestrogenic Activity ◽  
Other Hand

Since many of newly synthesised D-secoestratriene derivatives showed antiestrogenic effect, with almost a total loss of estrogenic activity, we studied the effects of some of these compounds on estrogen receptors (ER), the translocation of the estrogen-ER complexes formed in presence of competing substances into the nucleus, as well as the binding of these complexes to DNA. The results of uterotrophic effects of analysed derivatives are in agreement with the influence of these compounds on activity and binding parameters of estrogen receptors. Namely, compounds that show relatively high antiestrogenic activity predominantly increase Kd and inhibit translocation to nuclei of radioactive complexes formed in their presence. On the other hand, compounds that do not significantly change binding parameters of estrogen receptors do not show antiestrogenic effect in in vivo experiments.

Correlation of Structural Changes at Different Levels of the Jejunal Villus with Positive and Negative Net Water Transport in Vivo and in Vitro

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. McElligott ◽  
I. T. Beck ◽  
P. K. Dinda ◽  
S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Different Levels

Experiments were done for identification and localization of certain structural changes at different levels of jejunal villus of the hamster during positive and negative water transport across the intestine in vivo and in vitro. Positive transport occurred when the mucosal surface of the intestine was bathed (in vitro experiments) or perfused (in vivo experiments) with isotonic Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate solution containing 10 mM glucose, and negative water transport was achieved by rendering this solution hypertonic with 150 mM mannitol. Results indicate that during positive net water transport, the intestine in vivo transported more fluid and exhibited a more conspicuous dilatation of the lateral intercellular spaces (L.I.S.) than did the in vitro preparation. Dilatation of the L.I.S. in both preparations was present only in the apical part of the villus, suggesting that this is the principal site of water absorption. When the mucosal solution was made hypertonic with mannitol, the L.I.S. in the in vivo intestine totally collapsed, whereas in the in vitro intestine these spaces remained open very slightly. These morphological changes correspond well with our finding that in the presence of the hypertonic mucosal solution there was a greater net negative water transport in vivo than in vitro. Incubation of the intestine in the isotonic mucosal solution produced subnuclear swelling of the mid-villus epithelial cells, and this morphological change was associated with an increase in the water content of the tissue. Perfusion of the in vivo intestine with the isotonic solution produced neither the swellings nor the increase in water content of the tissue. In the presence of hypertonic mucosal solution there was a water loss from the tissue both in vivo and in vitro, and these swellings were not observed. These results are discussed in relation to intestinal sugar transport and to the maturity of the epithelial cells, and it is concluded that transport studies on in vitro preparations may provide valid information on a qualitative basis, if not on a strictly quantitative basis.

scholarly journals Invasion of Epithelial Cells and Proteolysis of Cellular Focal Adhesion Components by Distinct Types of Porphyromonas gingivalis Fimbriae

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 3773-3782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Nakagawa ◽  
Hiroaki Inaba ◽  
Taihei Yamamura ◽  
Takahiro Kato ◽  
Shinji Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Focal Adhesion ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type Ii

ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae are classified into six types (types I to V and Ib) based on the fimA genes encoding FimA (a subunit of fimbriae), and they play a critical role in bacterial interactions with host tissues. In this study, we compared the efficiencies of P. gingivalis strains with distinct types of fimbriae for invasion of epithelial cells and for degradation of cellular focal adhesion components, paxillin, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Six representative strains with the different types of fimbriae were tested, and P. gingivalis with type II fimbriae (type II P. gingivalis) adhered to and invaded epithelial cells at significantly greater levels than the other strains. There were negligible differences in gingipain activities among the six strains; however, type II P. gingivalis apparently degraded intracellular paxillin in association with a loss of phosphorylation 30 min after infection. Degradation was blocked with cytochalasin D or in mutants with fimA disrupted. Paxillin was degraded by the mutant with Lys-gingipain disrupted, and this degradation was prevented by inhibition of Arg-gingipain activity by Nα-p-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone. FAK was also degraded by type II P. gingivalis. Cellular focal adhesions with green fluorescent protein-paxillin macroaggregates were clearly destroyed, and this was associated with cellular morphological changes and microtubule disassembly. In an in vitro wound closure assay, type II P. gingivalis significantly inhibited cellular migration and proliferation compared to the cellular migration and proliferation observed with the other types. These results suggest that type II P. gingivalis efficiently invades epithelial cells and degrades focal adhesion components with Arg-gingipain, which results in cellular impairment during wound healing and periodontal tissue regeneration.

Effect of different oxygen concentrations in the gas phase on biochemical activities of goat mammary tissue in organ culture

1989 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Škarda ◽  
Eva Urbanová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Organ Culture ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Relative Response ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
Casein Synthesis ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

SummaryNon-secretory mammary expiants from virgin goats showed higher RNA and protein synthesis in a low O2 gas phase (air) than in high O2 (95% O2). Lipid and casein synthesis was not affected significantly by the concentration of O2 in the atmosphere during culture. on the other hand, the more developed mammary tissue from primigravid goats showed higher lipid, casein and protein synthesis in 95% O2. The relative response of mammary tissue to hormones was not substantially different when cultured in the presence of a low or high O2 gas phase. As Hepes-buffered medium was found not to need a supply of CO2 to maintain the correct pH and as Hepes did not interfere with biochemical activities of cells, it is recommended to use it for cultures in a low O2 gas phase.

scholarly journals Interplay between MPIase, YidC, and PMF during Sec-independent insertion of membrane proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e202101162
Author(s):  
Yuta Endo ◽  
Yuko Shimizu ◽  
Hanako Nishikawa ◽  
Katsuhiro Sawasato ◽  
Ken-ichi Nishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Integral Membrane Proteins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Model Protein

Integral membrane proteins with the N-out topology are inserted into membranes usually in YidC- and PMF-dependent manners. The molecular basis of the various dependencies on insertion factors is not fully understood. A model protein, Pf3-Lep, is inserted independently of both YidC and PMF, whereas the V15D mutant requires both YidC and PMF in vivo. We analyzed the mechanisms that determine the insertion factor dependency in vitro. Glycolipid MPIase was required for insertion of both proteins because MPIase depletion caused a significant defect in insertion. On the other hand, YidC depletion and PMF dissipation had no effects on Pf3-Lep insertion, whereas V15D insertion was reduced. We reconstituted (proteo)liposomes containing MPIase, YidC, and/or F0F1-ATPase. MPIase was essential for insertion of both proteins. YidC and PMF stimulated Pf3-Lep insertion as the synthesis level increased. V15D insertion was stimulated by both YidC and PMF irrespective of the synthesis level. These results indicate that charges in the N-terminal region and the synthesis level are the determinants of YidC and PMF dependencies with the interplay between MPIase, YidC, and PMF.

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