scholarly journals Administration of recombinant human GHRH-1,44-amide for 3 months reduces abdominal visceral fat mass and increases physical performance measures in postmenopausal women

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes D Veldhuis ◽  
James M Patrie ◽  
Kirsten Frick ◽  
Judith Y Weltman ◽  
Arthur L Weltman
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Skin Reactivity ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Abdominal Visceral Fat

Objective: A recent study indicated that twice-daily s.c. administration of a high dose of recombinant human GHRH-1,44-amide (GHRH) for 90 days can alter body composition in healthy older men. No data establish whether this is also true in postmenopausal women. The present study tests the hypothesis that the same GHRH regimen applied in women will: (i) elevate both IGF-I and GH concentrations; and (ii) reduce abdominal visceral fat mass, augment total body water and enhance functional performance. Design: Ten postmenopausal volunteers underwent baseline study and then received 1 mg GHRH twice daily s.c. for 3 months. Methods: Statistical comparisons were made with preintervention baseline data. Results: GHRH administration stimulated: (i) a mean 98 ± 14% elevation of overnight GH concentrations after administration of the peptide for 1 and 3 months (P < 0.005); (ii) a sustained 71 ± 3.5% rise in IGF-I concentrations over the interval from 2 weeks to 3 months (P < 0.0012); (iii) a 16 ± 7% reduction in abdominal visceral fat mass (P = 0.029) and a 14 ± 5% increase in tri-tiated water space (P < 0.025); (iv) an abbreviation of the times required to walk 30 m (P = 0.015) and ascend two flights of stairs (P = 0.003). Most (70%) subjects experienced local skin reactivity. There were no systemic adverse events. Conclusions: A 3-month regimen of GHRH supplementation in postmenopausal women can stimulate GH and IGF-I production, reduce abdominal visceral fat and improve selected measures of physical performance, while inducing significant local skin reactivity.

scholarly journals Influence of methyltestosterone postmenopausal therapy on plasma lipids, inflammatory factors, glucose metabolism and visceral fat: a randomized study

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenora M Camarate S M Leão ◽  
Mônica Peres C Duarte ◽  
Dalva Margareth B Silva ◽  
Paulo Roberto V Bahia ◽  
Cláudia Medina Coeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: There has been a growing interest in treating postmenopausal women with androgens. However, hyperandrogenemia in females has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of androgen replacement on cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Thirty-seven postmenopausal women aged 42–62 years that had undergone hysterectomy were prospectively enrolled in a double-blind protocol to receive, for 12 months, percutaneous estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day) combined with either methyltestosterone (MT) (1.25 mg/day) or placebo. Methods: Along with treatment, we evaluated serum E2, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index, lipids, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance; blood pressure; body-mass index; and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass as assessed by computed tomography. Results: A significant reduction in SHBG (P < 0.001) and increase in free testosterone index (P < 0.05; Repeated measures analysis of variance) were seen in the MT group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lowered to a similar extent by both regimens, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in the androgen group. MT-treated women showed a modest rise in body weight and gained visceral fat mass relative to the other group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant detrimental effects on fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination of low-dose oral MT and percutaneous E2, for 1 year, does not result in expressive increase of cardiovascular risk factors. This regimen can be recommended for symptomatic postmenopausal women, although it seems prudent to perform baseline and follow-up lipid profile and assessment of body composition, especially in those at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Evidence of Pleiotropic Loci for Fasting Insulin, Total Fat Mass, and Abdominal Visceral Fat in a Sedentary Population: The HERITAGE Family Study

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Hong ◽  
Jean-Pierre Després ◽  
Treva Rice ◽  
André Nadeau ◽  
Michael A. Province ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Sedentary Population ◽  
Abdominal Visceral Fat ◽  
Total Fat

Evidence of LPL gene-exercise interaction for body fat and LPL activity: the HERITAGE Family Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Garenc ◽  
Louis Pérusse ◽  
Jean Bergeron ◽  
Jacques Gagnon ◽  
Yvon C. Chagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
White Women ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Heparin Plasma ◽  
Abdominal Visceral Fat

Evidence of a gene-exercise interaction for traits related to body composition is limited. Here, the association between the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) S447X polymorphism and changes in body mass index, fat mass, percent body fat, abdominal visceral fat measured by computed tomography, and post-heparin plasma LPL activity in response to 20 wk of endurance training was investigated in 741 adult white and black subjects. Changes were compared between carriers and noncarriers of the X447 allele after adjustment for the effects of age and pretraining values. No evidence of association was observed in men. However, white women carrying the X447 allele exhibited greater reductions of body mass index ( P= 0.01), fat mass ( P = 0.01), and percent body fat ( P = 0.03); in black women, the carriers exhibited a greater reduction of abdominal visceral fat ( P = 0.05) and a greater increase in post-heparin LPL activity ( P = 0.02). These results suggest that the LPL S447X polymorphism influences the training-induced changes in body fat and post-heparin LPL activity in women but not in men.

scholarly journals Reductions in visceral fat during weight loss and walking are associated with improvements inV˙o 2 max

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Lynch ◽  
Barbara J. Nicklas ◽  
Dora M. Berman ◽  
Karen E. Dennis ◽  
Andrew P. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

The accumulation of visceral fat is independently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether the loss of visceral adipose tissue area (VAT; computed tomography) is related to improvements in maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max) during a weight loss (250–350 kcal/day deficit) and walking (3 days/wk, 30–40 min) intervention. Forty obese [body fat 47 ± 1 (SE) %], sedentary (V˙o 2 max 19 ± 1 ml · kg−1 · min−1) postmenopausal women (age 62 ± 1 yr) participated in the study. The intervention resulted in significant declines in body weight (−8%), total fat mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; −17%), VAT (−17%), and subcutaneous adipose tissue area (−17%) with no change in lean body mass (all P < 0.001). Women with an average 10% increase in V˙o 2 max reduced VAT by an average of 20%, whereas those who did not increaseV˙o 2 max decreased VAT by only 10%, despite comparable reductions in body fat, fat mass, and subcutaneous adipose tissue area. The decrease in VAT was independently related to the change in V˙o 2 max( r 2 = 0.22; P < 0.01) and fat mass ( r 2 = 0.08; P = 0.05). These data indicate that greater improvements inV˙o 2 max with weight loss and walking are associated with greater reductions in visceral adiposity in obese postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Novel Relationships of Age, Visceral Adiposity, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF Binding Protein Concentrations to Growth Hormone (GH) Releasing-Hormone and GH Releasing-Peptide Efficacies in Men during Experimental Hypogonadal Clamp

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2137-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes D. Veldhuis ◽  
Daniel M. Keenan ◽  
Joy N. Bailey ◽  
Adebordurin M. Adeniji ◽  
John M. Miles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Forward Selection ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Abdominal Visceral Fat ◽  
Igf Binding Protein

Abstract Background: Sex steroids influence GH secretion in complex ways. Hypothesis: Analyses in a low sex-steroid milieu will help unveil the effects of age and other nonsteroidal regulators on GH secretion. Context: The study was conducted in a tertiary medical center. Subjects: The study group included 13 healthy young men and 12 healthy older men. Methods: We used GnRH agonist-induced down-regulation of testosterone and estradiol secretion, followed by consecutive infusion of l-arginine and GHRH or GHRP-2, to test secretagogue efficacies. Outcomes: We measured basal and pulsatile GH secretion. Results: During experimental testosterone/estradiol deprivation, older (57 ± 1.7 yr) men maintained: 1) 6.8-fold less pulsatile GH secretion (P &lt; 0.001); and 2) 2-fold lower maximal GH responses to GHRH (P = 0.0065) and GHRP-2 (P = 0.022) than young (23 ± 1.1 yr old) individuals. Stepwise forward-selection regression analyses identified: 1) abdominal visceral fat as a dominant negative predictor of both GHRH (R2 = 0.49; P = 0.001) and GHRP-2 (R2 = 0.38; P = 0.005) efficacies; and 2) fasting IGF-I concentration as a major positive correlate of GHRH (R2 = 0.52; P &lt; 0.001) and GHRP-2 (R2 = 0.31; P = 0.018) efficacies. Unstimulated pulsatile GH secretion was jointly correlated with IGF-I and IGFBP-3 (P = 0.039). Conclusion: Measures of body composition (abdominal visceral fat) and pulsatile GH action (IGF-I) explain up to one half of interindividual variability in the efficacies of GHRH and GHRP-2 in sex steroid-depleted men. Accordingly, normative ranges for maximal single peptide-stimulated GH secretion in short-term hypogonadal states should incorporate the influence of these determinants as well as age.

scholarly journals Serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 levels as an indicator of functional ability in elderly men

2003 ◽  
pp. 627-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW van den Beld ◽  
WF Blum ◽  
HA Pols ◽  
DE Grobbee ◽  
SW Lamberts
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Igf I

BACKGROUND: In a cross-sectional study in 403 healthy, independently living elderly men (mean age 78 years), we determined which are the main physiological determinants of functional ability in the elderly, and which components of the somatotropic system contribute to the maintenance of functional ability. METHODS: Functional ability was assessed by the number of problems in activities of daily living and by a measure of physical performance. Other physical characteristics included leg extensor strength, bone mineral density of total body and proximal femur, and body composition, including lean mass and fat mass. Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and its binding proteins (IGFBP) -1, -2 and -3 concentrations were all measured by RIA. RESULTS: Muscle strength was related to a lower degree of disability. Further, it was positively related to physical performance and bone mineral density (all P<0.001). Fat mass influenced activities of daily living and physical performance negatively and bone mineral density positively (all P<0.001). Serum concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were not related to any of the physical characteristics. High serum IGFBP-2 concentrations were related to a higher degree of disability (P<0.001), a lower physical performance (P=0.006), muscle strength (P=0.002), bone mineral density of proximal femur (P=0.007), lean mass and fat mass (both P<0.001). Serum insulin and IGFBP-1 concentrations were independently, positively related to lean mass (P=0.003) and fat mass (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In independently living elderly men, functional ability appears to be determined by muscle strength (positive) and fat mass (negative). Low serum IGFBP-2 concentrations are a powerful indicator for overall good physical functional status, probably inversely reflecting the integrated sum of nutrition and the biological effects of growth hormone, IGF-I and insulin.

scholarly journals Ectopic Lipid Deposition Is Associated With Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 3394-3404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Abildgaard ◽  
Else Rubaek Danielsen ◽  
Emma Dorph ◽  
Carsten Thomsen ◽  
Anders Juul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Fat Depots

Abstract Context Menopause is associated with an increased incidence of insulin resistance and diabetes. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the lipid deposition in liver and skeletal muscle and investigate the association with insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal and premenopausal women. Design and Setting Single-center cross-sectional study of 55 healthy women between 45 and 60 years of age. We measured lipid deposition in the liver with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, intramuscular and intra-abdominal lipid deposition with MRI, body composition with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, and insulin sensitivity with the composite Matsuda Index. Outcome Measures We studied the association between fat distribution, ectopic lipid deposition, and insulin sensitivity in pre- and postmenopausal women. Results Postmenopausal women had an increased lipid deposition in the liver [0.68% (0.44 to 0.99) vs 0.49% (0.38 to 0.64), P = 0.01] and skeletal muscle [3% (2 to 4) vs 2% (1 to 3), P = 0.001] and had a 28% lower Matsuda insulin sensitivity index during an oral glucose tolerance test (6.31 ± 3.48 vs 8.78 ± 4.67, P = 0.05) compared with premenopausal women. Total fat mass and leg fat mass were stronger predictors of ectopic lipid deposition, and visceral fat mass was a stronger predictor of both ectopic lipid deposition and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women. Conclusions For a given subcutaneous and visceral fat depot size, postmenopausal women show increased ectopic lipid deposition and insulin resistance compared with premenopausal women. It is suggested that lipid deposition in liver and skeletal muscle may represent important mechanistic links between the changes in fat depots and the increased incidence of insulin resistance seen after menopause.

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